GENETIC APPROACHES FOR ENGINEERING BIOTIC STRESS RESISTANCE IN POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Potato is one of the most important food crops in terms of annual production and food security worldwide. The crop is affected by several types of biotic stresses, e.g. insects, viruses, fungus, nematodes and weeds, which are the prominent limiting factors for its production. The conventional breeding methods in potato have been associated with limitations; none of the present day commercial cultivar has built-in resistance against biotic stresses. There is strong need for the development of new resistant potato varieties to cope against biotic stresses using non-classical approaches in combination with classical methods. The scientific literature suggests the contribution of modern biotechnological techniques for the development of transgenic potato lines resistant against insects and diseases. The present comprehensive review describes different genetic engineering approaches for the development of transgenic potatoes resistant to insects, weeds, nematodes, fungus and viruses by fellow researchers worldwide. It also gives an insight into modern technologies, e.g. RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9, which have emerged recently and can be implemented in the development of biotic stress resistant potato cultivars.

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PVYNTN-CP coat protein gene mediated virus resistance of transgenic potato plants

Ecological genetics ◽

10.17816/ecogen7441-50 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 41-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zenon Stasevski ◽

Olga N Ilinskaya

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Coat Protein Gene ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Transgenic Potato ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Transgenic Potato Plants ◽

Transgenic Potatoes ◽

Virus Strains

PVYNTN-CP coat protein gene from a necrotic strain of potato virus Y (pvyntn) has been transferred into two potato Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars Mindenes and Somogyi kifli via Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. Expression of integrated PVYNTN-CP gene were confirmed for 33 (89 %) of 37 and 3 (75 %) of 4 kanamycin-resistant regenerants of potato cultivars Mindenes and Somogyi kifli respectively. The level of virus resistance against two virus strains (PVY°, PVYNTN) of independent lines of transgenic potatoes varied between extreme resistance to susceptibility. The three independent lines of transgenic potatoes proved to be extreme resistant against both PVY strains.

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Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Shipra Kumari ◽

Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽

Ju young Ahn ◽

Jong Hwa Kim ◽

Geung-Joo Lee

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Lilium Longiflorum ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

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Proteomics and Metabolomics Studies on the Biotic Stress Responses of Rice: an Update

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-021-00461-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kieu Thi Xuan Vo ◽

Md Mizanor Rahman ◽

Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽

Kieu Thi Thuy Trinh ◽

Sun Tae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Global Changes ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Novel Proteins ◽

Stress Agent ◽

Global Food ◽

Shed Light

AbstractBiotic stresses represent a serious threat to rice production to meet global food demand and thus pose a major challenge for scientists, who need to understand the intricate defense mechanisms. Proteomics and metabolomics studies have found global changes in proteins and metabolites during defense responses of rice exposed to biotic stressors, and also reported the production of specific secondary metabolites (SMs) in some cultivars that may vary depending on the type of biotic stress and the time at which the stress is imposed. The most common changes were seen in photosynthesis which is modified differently by rice plants to conserve energy, disrupt food supply for biotic stress agent, and initiate defense mechanisms or by biotic stressors to facilitate invasion and acquire nutrients, depending on their feeding style. Studies also provide evidence for the correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photorespiration and photosynthesis which can broaden our understanding on the balance of ROS production and scavenging in rice-pathogen interaction. Variation in the generation of phytohormones is also a key response exploited by rice and pathogens for their own benefit. Proteomics and metabolomics studies in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars upon pathogen attack have helped to identify the proteins and metabolites related to specific defense mechanisms, where choosing of an appropriate method to identify characterized or novel proteins and metabolites is essential, considering the outcomes of host-pathogen interactions. Despites the limitation in identifying the whole repertoire of responsive metabolites, some studies have shed light on functions of resistant-specific SMs. Lastly, we illustrate the potent metabolites responsible for resistance to different biotic stressors to provide valuable targets for further investigation and application.

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Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Interacción en las Clases Dirigidas (EICD)

Intangible Capital ◽

10.3926/ic.780 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 840 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adrián Pastor-Barceló ◽

Vicente Prado-Gascó ◽

Pilar Bustillo-Casero

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Small Sample ◽

Improve Quality ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Final Version ◽

First Time ◽

To Receive ◽

Insight Into

Purpose: This research focuses on the construction and validation of a scale designed to assess the quality of the supervised classes: Interaction on Supervised Classes Scale (ISCS).Design/methodology/approach: This is a descriptive correlational study. For the construction of the scale three phases were performed in which different experts assessed the adequacy of the items. Finally, the psychometric properties of the final version were studied in a sample of 314 consumers (69.1% women) aged between 18 and 77 with an average of 39.33 years (SD=12.25).Findings: The scale presents adequate validity and reliability, being a useful tool for measuring the interaction in Supervised Classes.Research limitations/implications: The sampling, non-probabilistic or convenience, have taken the sample of a unique sports facility and the small sample size.Practical implications: The ISCS allows managers to receive better feedback, allowing them to obtain deeper insight into the quality and satisfaction of the service. According to its results, the managers may implement different strategies to improve quality in a key service within sports centers.Originality/value: For the first time the interaction between customers and between customers and employees is evaluated both inside and outside the center, a topic that had not yet been studied in the scientific literature. The scale can be applied to any type of directed activity, and will allow a greater understanding of the quality of service.

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Salicylic acid and its role in induced plant resistance to biotic stress

BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University BIOSCIENCE Series ◽

10.32523/2616-7034-2020-131-2-8-14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

N.N. Iksat ◽

◽

D. Tokasheva ◽

М.К. Beissekova ◽

U.I. Amanbayeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Review Article ◽

Induced Plant Resistance ◽

Protective Genes ◽

Oxidative Processes ◽

Insight Into

Salicylic acid is a natural signaling molecule that plays a key role in establishing and transmitting plant protection signals from phytopathogens. Salicylic acid, by modulating the expression of protective genes and changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, can regulate oxidative processes associated with plant protective reactions. This review article reviews studies that provide insight into the functioning of salicylic acid in plant immunity

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A Review on Polyamines and Biotic Stresses in Plants

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.24203/ajas.v6i5.5491 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Md Azizul Islam ◽

Pulak Maitra ◽

Dipa Mandal

Keyword(s):

Biotic Stress ◽

Negative Charge ◽

Science Research ◽

Plant Science ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Membrane Stabilization ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Recent Advancement

The biotic stresses are one of the main causes to the loss of crops, and their development, growth and productivity in the environment. Polyamines are positively charge compounds that have active potential power to DNA, RNA and protein (negative charge compounds), are exist in all living life for their low molecular weight and smallness. Naturally occurring polyamines are involved biotic stress response especially different plants disease and contribute the survival of plant in environment. They contribute a lot of different biological functions, such as controlling the cell cycle, protecting the cell, involve in gene expression, cell signaling replication, transcription, translation and membrane stabilization. This article specially highlights the recent advancement of polyamines in modern plant science research their impact of biotic stress specially the diseases caused by different microorganisms (bacteria, fungus) and creature systems.

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Effect of modified carbon allocation on turgor, osmolality, sugar and potassium content, and membrane potential in the epidermis of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/50.334.565 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 50 (334) ◽

pp. 565-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. Kehr ◽

C. Wagner ◽

L. Willmitzer ◽

J. Fisahn

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Membrane Potential ◽

Carbon Allocation ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Transgenic Potato ◽

Potassium Content

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Design of expression cassettes using the Cry1Ba1 gene for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v37n2.70796 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 103-111

Author(s):

Natalyth Erira ◽

Alejandro Chaparro-Giraldo ◽

Silvio López-Pazos

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Transgenic Potato ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Commercial Use ◽

Tecia Solanivora ◽

Transgenic Potato Plants ◽

Polyadenylation Signals

The most serious insect pest problem in the potato crop in Colombia is the lepidopteran Tecia solanivora that causessignificant economic losses. In this research, we designedexpression cassettes based on the cry1Ba1 gene of Bacillusthuringiensis that could confer resistance to T. solanivora via the variety Pastusa Suprema. We selected the elements of thedesigned expression cassettes through an analysis of scientificliterature and patent databases; the considered factors were theproteolytic activation of the Cry1Ba1 protoxin, modification ofcodonic use, polyadenylation signals, and cryptic splicing sites. We used a tissue-specific patatine promoter to reduce potentialbiosafety risks, because it is expressed only in the tuber. Thefreedom to operate analysis suggests that the commercial use of the designed expression cassettes in transgenic potato plants does not affect the rights of third parties in Colombia.

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Melatonin and Its Protective Role against Biotic Stress Impacts on Plants

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10010054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Mohamed Moustafa-Farag ◽

Abdulwareth Almoneafy ◽

Ahmed Mahmoud ◽

Amr Elkelish ◽

Marino B. Arnao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Resistance ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Growth Regulation ◽

Protective Role ◽

Virus Concentration ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Interaction Models ◽

Biotic Stresses

Biotic stress causes immense damage to agricultural products worldwide and raises the risk of hunger in many areas. Plants themselves tolerate biotic stresses via several pathways, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which trigger immunity and plant resistance (R) proteins. On the other hand, humans use several non-ecofriendly methods to control biotic stresses, such as chemical applications. Compared with chemical control, melatonin is an ecofriendly compound that is an economical alternative strategy which can be used to protect animals and plants from attacks via pathogens. In plants, the bactericidal capacity of melatonin was verified against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and -positive bacteria under in vitro conditions. Regarding plant–bacteria interaction, melatonin has presented effective antibacterial activities against phytobacterial pathogens. In plant–fungi interaction models, melatonin was found to play a key role in plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea, to increase fungicide susceptibility, and to reduce the stress tolerance of Phytophthora infestans. In plant–virus interaction models, melatonin not only efficiently eradicated apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) from apple shoots in vitro (making it useful for the production of virus-free plants) but also reduced tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) viral RNA and virus concentration in infected Nicotiana glutinosa and Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Indeed, melatonin has unique advantages in plant growth regulation and increasing plant resistance effectiveness against different forms of biotic and abiotic stress. Although considerable work has been done regarding the role of melatonin in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, its role in biotic stress remains unclear and requires clarification. In our review, we summarize the work that has been accomplished so far; highlight melatonin’s function in plant tolerance to pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi; and determine the direction required for future studies on this topic.

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