scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTS MATERIAL WITH VIBRATION HARDENING

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Anatoly Dudnikov ◽  
Volodymyr Dudnyk ◽  
Oleksiy Burlaka ◽  
Oleksandr Kanivets
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Limiting State ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Modes Of Processing ◽  
Uneven Wear ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microstructural Studies

The analysis of the work of tillage machines is carried out, the reasons for the failures of their working bodies (plowshares) during operation are revealed. Research has been carried out on the change in the characteristics of the material of the cutting elements of soil-cultivating machines after vibration hardening, as well as the effect of hardening on the strength of restored plow shares. The parameters of vibration hardening of plow shares are experimentally determined. Microstructural studies were carried out in order to reveal the influence of the processing method on the properties of the plowshares material. Criteria for the limiting state of plowshares are revealed. Bench tests of plow shares at the installation allow you to adjust the intensity of their wear. It has been established that the depth of wear of the ploughshare material is the most significant geometric parameter affecting its resource. Experimental studies have established the values of the main parameters of vibration hardening: the frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the working working tool and the hardening time. The values of the degree of hardening of the material of the cutting edge of the reconditioned plow shares have been determined. The relationship between the values of the change in the width of the ploughshare and the thickness of its blade during deformation has been established. It was found that, in addition to the processing modes, the shape of the processing tool affects the geometry of the share. An uneven wear pattern along the length of the share is revealed. The results of changes in the wear along the width of the cutting element and the intensity of its wear depending on the operating time are given. It has been established that the amount of wear of the plowshare cutting element depends on the technological modes of processing and the material. Conducted bench studies of the specified variants of plowshares in order to check the operational reliability of the restored and vibration-hardened plow shares. It was found that the plowshares made of 65G steel, treated by vibration hardening, had the lowest wear rate, which is explained by the change in the structure of its material during vibration hardening.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW TYPES OF COUPLINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Oleksii Tokarchuk ◽  
Yurii Polievoda
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Element ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Moment Of Resistance

Dynamic loads that occur during the operation of existing couplings cause significant shock loads, which leads to rapid wear of the surfaces of the couplings and shortens the service life. Modern technology faces the task of improving the operational reliability of the working bodies and drives of machines. One way to solve this problem is to develop and use high-precision and low-dynamic safety couplings. In this regard, the question of developing new designs of safety couplings that reduce impact loads and increase the reliability and durability of machinery is relevant. The synthesis of structural and kinematic schemes of ball, cam and planetary safety couplings, the method of their calculation in combination with the nature of the change in the moment of resistance on the working body of the equipment. The article conducts a set of theoretical and experimental studies to determine their rational design, kinematic and dynamic parameters that will satisfy the operating conditions of machines and mechanisms. A force analysis of the elastic element (ring spring) was performed. The scheme of loading of an elastic element by two forces and other settlement schemes are constructed, namely: equivalent system; force diagrams for determining the load torque; force schemes for determining the unit moment; schemes of total bending moment; force schemes to determine the total unit moment. During static experimental studies of the developed ball safety couplings, the nature of their operation was established, the maximum torque at the two stages of operation of the couplings was determined and a comparative analysis between the results of theoretical and experimental studies was performed. The positive results of experimental researches of the developed coupling and theoretical positions which can be applied to a substantiation and a choice of rational parameters of the developed designs of couplings and their engineering designing were confirmed.

scholarly journals ON THE QUESTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENGINE RUNNING ON THE PERIOD OF ENGINE OIL CHANGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Popov ◽  
◽  
A.M. Kadirmetov ◽  
D.Yu. Gurin ◽  
I.V. Terekhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
City Street ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the engine operating time when a car is moving at the same distance along a city street with different traffic loads and on a highway is given. On the basis of experimental studies, a justification is given for the need to adjust the oil change frequency depending on the engine operating time.

scholarly journals Influence of working bodies of technical means on injury and quality of seed of grain crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
D. A. Derevianko ◽  
◽  
V. M. Polishchuk ◽  
O. D. Derevianko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Transportation Process ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

Theoretical calculations and experimental studies show that during the technological process of transporting seeds by technical means, in particular ladle conveyors, macro- and especially microtrauma of grains occurs, which affects a decrease in quality indicators. Analysis of the studies shows that the structural parameters of the working bodies, the biological and physico-mechanical properties of the kernels, as well as the material for the manufacture or coating of the working elements, affect the trauma and quality of the seeds. Experimental data showed that microtrauma of winter wheat grains before transportation was in the range of 22,9- 23,5%, and after completion of the transportation process was 45,3-46,4%, that is, doubled. Further studies to improve the quality of seeds of grain crops, reduce the harmful effects of microorganisms on caryopsis and reduce macro- and microtrauma should be carried out in the relationship and the complex of biological and physico-mechanical features of the entire technological process.

scholarly journals Increased durability parts of tillage machines, adapted to soils of different types

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vаsylenko, M. ◽  
Buslаiev, D. ◽  
Kаlinin, O. ◽  
Kononogov, Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Contact Processing

Purpose. Justification of rational parameters of hardening of the working bodies of tillage machines by the method of electro arc processing. Methods. The experimental, mathematical and statistical, monographic. Results. The technology of local hardfacing, which improves the wear resistance of the surfaces of the parts of modification with the use of electro arc processing and with additional point hardfacing with the use of variations in processing modes, various technological methods and materials for adaptation to specific operating conditions. Conclusions 1.According to the results of theoretical studies, the heat balance of the process of electrical contact processing was determined, which allows to determine the most significant factors affecting the energy performance of the process, namely, the controlled voltage U of the arc process of electrical contact processing. 2.According to the results of experimental studies, rational values of the controlled voltage U in the process of electro arc processing within 35–55 V were established, which ensures surface roughness in the range from 0.4 to 1.0 mm. Keywords: electro arc processing, hardfacing, heat balance, parts of tillage machines, regimes, roughness, wear resistance.

Substantiation the machine with a basket for the application of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials with the upper arrangement of the feeding device

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Fesenko, H.
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stable Flow

Purpose. Increasing the uniformity of distribution of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials due to the stability of their feed from the body to the spreading working bodies using the top feeder. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this aim: the method of comparing the differences between individual groups of fertilizers, the method of analyzing the properties of a new technical system, the method of functional inventiveness, and the methods of theoretical and analytical mechanics. Results. The traction body of the conveyor of the upper feed of the body fat body machine for mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials was substantiated and the relationship between the height of its scrapers and the distance between them was established, as well as the nature of the mineral fertilizer pressure on the curvilinear wall of the body. In addition, the design of the advanced body fertilizer spreader is justified, which ensures a stable flow of fertilizers from the body due to the improvement of the top feeder. Conclusions. Because of the conducted researches, the advantages of machines equipped with top feeder are found. They create the conditions for the forced feeding mineral fertilizers and other loose materials from the container to the distribution bodies, which is a prerequisite for their evenness on the surface. With this, the imperfection of known machines with the top feeder constrains their introduction into agricultural production. On this account, a more thoroughly constructed solution of the body feeder of the top feed is substantiated, in which the conveyor provides a stable supply of fertilizers from the body with reduced energy consumption during operation. Keywords: analysis, feed, upper device, conveyor, stability, fertilizers, flow ability, body.

Potential Role of Inflammation in Associations between Particulate Matter and Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Ji ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Guangke Li ◽  
Nan Sang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, numerous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated with increased hospitalization and mortality from heart failure (HF). In addition to problems with circulation, HF patients often display high expression of cytokines in the failing heart. Thus, as a recurring heart problem, HF is thought to be a disorder characterized in part by the inflammatory response. In this review, we intend to discuss the relationship between PM exposure and HF that is based on inflammatory mechanism and to provide a comprehensive, updated evaluation of the related studies. Epidemiological studies on PM-induced heart diseases are focused on high concentrations of PM, high pollutant load exposure in winter, or susceptible groups with heart diseases, etc. Furthermore, it appears that the relationship between fine or ultrafine PM and HF is stronger than that between HF and coarse PM. However, fewer studies paid attention to PM components. As for experimental studies, it is worth noting that coarse PM may indirectly promote the inflammatory response in the heart through systematic circulation of cytokines produced primarily in the lungs, while ultrafine PM and its components can enter circulation and further induce inflammation directly in the heart. In terms of PM exposure and enhanced inflammation during the pathogenesis of HF, this article reviews the following mechanisms: hemodynamics, oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and epigenetic regulation. However, many problems are still unsolved, and future work will be needed to clarify the complex biologic mechanisms and to identify the specific components of PM responsible for adverse effects on heart health.

Improving the efficiency of hardening of tillage machine working bodies by arc surfacing using wear-resistant rollers

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Dmitriy B. Slinko ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Denisov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Dobrin ◽  
Andrey V. Afanas’yev ◽  
Pavel M. Kislov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Linear Size ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Working Bodies

Reducing operating costs during soil processing and increasing the wear resistance of parts and components is an important condition for reducing the cost of agricultural products, increasing its efficiency and competitiveness. The development of materials with increased wear resistance and new effective technologies for strengthening working bodies in their manufacture is now becoming an urgent task. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the wear resistance of the working bodies of soil-processing machines by electric arc surfacing. (Materials and methods) During the experimental study, it has been performed testing of modes and surfacing of a pilot batch of working bodies from Kverneland for field tests in VIM on an automated installation for electric arc surfacing. Authors used eutectic CastolinEnDotec DO*30 powder wire with a diameter of 1.2 millimeters and a boron content of up to 4 percent for surfacing wear-resistant rollers, which allows to obtain wear-resistant rollers with a hardness of up to 65 HRC without pores and cracks. (Results and discussion) It has been revealed that hardened ploughshares that have passed field tests are subject to lower wear rates compared to non-hardened ones. It was found that when operating time is 24.785 hectares per ploughshare, the wear of the linear size of the cutting edge along the width of hardened ploughshares is on average up to 10-11 millimeters less than that of non-hardened ones. It was found that when processing 228 hectares, the wear of the linear size of the cutting edge along the width of hardened bits is on average up to 9-10 millimeters less than that of non-hardened ones. (Conclusions) The technology of surfacing with intermittent wear-resistant rollers provides an increase in the efficiency of hardening of Kverneland working bodies according to the criterion of wear resistance by an average of 20-30 percent. The adjusted technological parameters of the surfacing process will reduce the wear rate and increase the service life of the blade part of the working bodies, as well as reduce the amount of surfaced material by an average of 60 percent. The continuation of work on strengthening the working bodies should be aimed at changing the surfacing scheme and choosing a cheaper domestic cored wire.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the transformation from firn to ice in the wet-snow zone of temperate glaciers

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Kawashima ◽  
Tomomi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Densification Rate ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Proportionality Constant ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

The densification of water-saturated firn, which had formed just above the firn-ice transition in the wet-snow zone of temperate glaciers, was investigated by compression tests under pressures ranging from 0.036 to 0.173 MPa, with special reference to the relationship between densification rate, time and pressure. At each test, the logarithm of the densification rate was proportional to the logarithm of the time, and its proportionality constant increased exponentially with increasing pressure. The time necessary for ice formation in the firn aquifer was calculated using the empirical formula obtained from the tests. Consequently, the necessary time decreased exponentially as the pressure increased, which shows that the transformation from firn in ice can be completed within the period when the firn aquifer exists, if the overburden pressure acting on the water-saturated firn is above 0.12–0.14 MPa. This critical value of pressure was in good agreement with the overburden pressure obtained from depth–density curves of temperate glaciers. It was concluded that the depth of firn–ice transition was self-balanced by the overburden pressure to result in the concentration between 20 and 30 m.

scholarly journals Application of intelligent orienteering based on Internet of things

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Zhang ◽  
Ruijie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Signal Stability ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract Orienteering has gradually changed from a professional sport to a civilian sport. Especially in recent years, orienteering has been widely popularized. Many colleges and universities in China have also set up this course. With the improvement of people’s living conditions, orienteering has really become a leisure sport in modern people’s life. The reduced difficulty of sports enables more people to participate, but it also exposes a series of problems. As the existing positioning technology is relatively backward, the progress in personnel tracking, emergency services, and other aspects is slow. To solve these problems, a new intelligent orienteering application system is developed based on the Internet of things. ZigBee network architecture is adopted in the system. ZigBee is the mainstream scheme in the current wireless sensor network technology, which has many advantages such as convenient carrying, low power consumption, and signal stability. Due to the complex communication environment in mobile signal, the collected information is processed by signal amplification and signal anti-interference technology. By adding anti-interference devices, video isolators and other devices, the signal is guaranteed to the maximum extent. In order to verify the actual effect of this system, through a number of experimental studies including the relationship between error and traffic radius and the relationship between coverage and the number of anchor nodes, the data shows that the scheme studied in this paper has a greater improvement in comprehensive performance than the traditional scheme, significantly improving the accuracy and coverage. Especially the coverage is close to 100% in the simulation experiment. This research has achieved good results and can be widely used in orienteering training and competition.

Relation between understanding and agreeing in response to one-sentence assertion*

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUHIRO OZURU ◽  
DAVID BOWIE ◽  
GIULIA KAUFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Evaluative Response ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Relationship

abstractThree quasi-experimental studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between the evaluative (i.e., agree/true) and the meta-cognitive (i.e., understand) response, and to determine which type of response people are more likely to provide when responding to one-sentence assertive statements. In Studies 1 and 2, participants performed two separate tasks in which they were asked to indicate the levels of: (i) understanding and (ii) agreement / perceived truthfulness of 126 one-sentence statements. The results indicated that participants were likely to provide a negative evaluative response (i.e., disagree/false) to a statement that they did not understand. In Study 3, participants were asked to evaluate the same 126 statements and choose between four response options: agree, disagree, understand, do not understand. The results indicated that people are more likely provide an evaluative response regardless of the understandability of a statement. The results of these studies are discussed in relation to (i) pragmatic perspective of how people infer speakers’ meaning, and (ii) cognitive processes underlying evaluative and meta-cognitive response.

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