Statistical Model for Predicting Salinity of Water at Doho 1 Irrigation Scheme in Busia.

The concentration of salts in water or salt affects crop yields to a good extent. Irrigation salinity can be controlled by various methods including modelling. Therefore, this study aimed at designing a model for predicting the salinity of the water at the Doho Irrigation Scheme in Butaleja district, eastern Uganda for better rice growing. This study used the different water chemical parameters from the different sites of the scheme, where water samples were collected and measured in the laboratory. A multivariate regression method was used to model water salinity through the Electrical Conductivity as the dependent variable and other water chemical parameters like potassium (K), Sodium (Na), pH and Calcium (Ca) were used as independent variables. A non-linear statistical model was derived from the chemical results of the irrigation scheme, presented and validated by applying it on the water samples that were not used during the design of the model. The model measured salinity levels and can be used to determine which water chemical levels are good for rice growing in Doho and other similar situations. Hence, the model can be used to improve food quality and quantity as required in the food production goal

Download Full-text

Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Yuan Xu ◽

Jieming Chou ◽

Fan Yang ◽

Mingyang Sun ◽

Weixing Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Food Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Data ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Output Elasticity ◽

The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

Download Full-text

Physico-chemical attributes of water of Hakaluki Haor, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/jujbs.v3i2.28287 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Md Tajul Islam ◽

M Mahfuzur Rahman ◽

Hassan Mahmud

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Seasonal Variation ◽

Water Samples ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Inorganic Pollutants ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Ph Values ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Significant Seasonal Variation ◽

Chemical Attributes

Water quality assessment has been carried out in the Hakaluki Haor of greater Sylhet district during May, 2013 to February, 2014. Water samples were collected from 5 spots during 4 seasons and a total of 15 physico-chemical parameters were studied. Significant seasonal variation was observed in all seasons among physico-chemical parameters. pH values varied from 5.9 - 7.1, water temperature varied from 23.7 26.7OC, transference varied from 23-53 cm, TSS varied from 18.1-192 mg/l, TDS varied 25-193.5 mg/l, EC varied from 30-680 ?s/cm , DO content of water varied from 4.6 - 5.6mg/l, BOD varied from 0.2-2.614 mg/l, COD varied from 38-312 mg/l, NO3-N varied from 0.1-30.4 mg/l, NH3 varied from 0.9-2.18 mg/l, alkalinity varied from 12-42 mg/l and PO4 varied from 0.9 -13.4 (mg/l). Agricultural and inorganic pollutants have been observed as the main causes of the Haor water pollution.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 67-72, 2014 (December)

Download Full-text

South Africa’s increasing climate variability and its effect on food production

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/00307270211004970 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003072702110049

Author(s):

Mashudu Tshikovhi ◽

Roscoe Bertrum van Wyk

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Food Production ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽

The Impact

This study examines the impact of increasing climate variability on food production in South Africa, focusing on maize and wheat yields. A two-way fixed effects panel regression model was used to assess the climate variability impacts, analysing secondary data for the period 2000 to 2019 for nine provinces in South Africa. The study found that increasing climate variability has a negative impact on maize and wheat production in South Africa. Specifically, the results indicated a negative correlation between mean annual temperature with both maize and wheat yields. A decrease in precipitation affected maize yields negatively, while the impact on wheat yields was positive, although insignificant. This analysis, therefore, depicted that crop yields generally increase with more annual precipitation and decrease with higher temperatures. The study recommends that funding initiatives to educate farmers on increasing climate variability and its effects on farming activities in South Africa should be prioritised.

Download Full-text

Correlation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers

Urologia Journal ◽

10.1177/03915603211063769 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 039156032110637

Author(s):

Valerio Di Paola ◽

Angelo Totaro ◽

Giacomo Avesani ◽

Benedetta Gui ◽

Andrea Boni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Fiber Tracts ◽

Good Agreement

Purpose: Our aim was to explore the relation between FA and ADC, number and length of the periprostatic neurovascular fibers (PNF) by means of 1.5 T Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) imaging through a multivariate linear regression analysis model. Methods: For this retrospective study, 56 patients (mean age 63.5 years), who underwent 1.5-T prostate MRI, including DTI, were enrolled between October 2014 and December 2018. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the statistically significant correlation between FA values (dependent variable) and ADC, the number and the length of PNF (independent variables), if p-value <0.05. A value of 0.5 indicated poor agreement; 0.5–0.75, moderate agreement; 0.75–0.9, good agreement; 0.61–0.80, good agreement; and 0.9–1.00, excellent agreement. Results: The overall fit of the multivariate regression model was excellent, with R2 value of 0.9445 ( R2 adjusted 0.9412; p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation ( p < 0.05) for all the three independent variables. The r partial value was −0.9612 for ADC values ( p < 0.0001), suggesting a strong negative correlation, 0.4317 for the number of fiber tracts ( p < 0.001), suggesting a moderate positive correlation, and −0.306 for the length of the fiber tracts ( p < 0.05), suggesting a weak negative correlation. Conclusions: Our multivariate linear regression model has demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between FA values of PNF with other DTI parameters, in particular with ADC.

Download Full-text

Contribution of livestock to food production in developing countries

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72859 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 197-206

Author(s):

Hank Fitzhugh

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Food Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Population Increase ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

Animal Products ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Livestock Products

On a global basis, livestock products - meat, milk, eggs and fibre - account for 40% of the value of total marketed agricultural product. Animal products provide essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals to help ensure nutritionally balanced diets. In developing countries, livestock traction and manure also contribute to food production through improved cultivation and soil fertility which increase crop yields. On average, the proportional contribution of livestock product to dietary calories and protein in developed countries is double that for developing countries. Demand for livestock products is fuelled by the population increase, income growth and urbanisation in developing countries. Therefore, over the past decade, consumption of livestock product has sharply increased in developing countries, while slightly decreasing in developed countries where consumption is already relatively high on average. Increased demand in developing countries increases income for producers, but also stresses the environment through pollution, soil erosion, overgrazing and deforestation. Research involving global partnerships of scientists and institutes can help ensure that the increased demands for livestock product in developing countries will be met in economically feasible and environmentally sustainable ways.

Download Full-text

Behavior and Performance of Natural Coagulants in Polluted Water

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.e5969.018520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1096-1100

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Sample ◽

Water Samples ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Natural Coagulants ◽

And Performance ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Domestic Purpose

In this project, Polluted water sample from a Pond is collected for treating it by using Natural Coagulants. The pond is located in Madarpakkam Village, near Gummudipoondi, Tamilnadu, India. There were 4 water samples collected from four different points around the pond at depth of 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m and 2m. The water samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters with reference to the code IS 10500-1991. The objective of this project is to reduce the level of turbidity and bacteriological contaminants from water using locally available Natural Coagulants and to reduce the concentration of particular matter such as suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, virus and fungi and to make use of the treated water for domestic purpose, as it reduces cost about 30% to 70%, the usage of these Natural coagulants will be more in future. It is nontoxic and non-corrosive. So, it is safe for human health. The usage of Natural coagulants can be increased in future as it increases the Water quality.

Download Full-text

Coagulant potentials of Moringa oleifera seeds in water purification

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v26i2pp183-189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

R. V. Thorat ◽

D. A. Malvekar ◽

A. U. Sutar

Keyword(s):

Water Sample ◽

River Water ◽

Water Purification ◽

Water Samples ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Sewage Water ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Almost All

The main objective of this study is to confirm the potentials of Moringa oleifera seeds over alum for water purification. Various doses of Moringa seed powder 4, 8, 12 g/l were taken and checked for treatment of river and sewage water. After treatment of seed powder with water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, Absorbance, TDS, TSS, Hardness, Chlorides, Conductivity, Turbidity, MPN and DO. Almost all parameters showed reduction with increasing dosage of Moringa seed powder. Similar doses of alum were checked with river water sample and were analyzed for above mentioned parameters. The results obtained showed that seed powder (natural coagulant) is more effective than conventional chemical coagulant., alum. The seed of Moringa oleifera is cheap, eco-friendly and non-toxic, can be effectively used as a coagulant for river and sewage water purification.

Download Full-text

STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BIRD VALLEY’S QUARRY WATER PCMC, MAHARASHTRA

Green Chemistry & Technology Letters ◽

10.18510/gctl.2020.622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Shashikala Kokcha ◽

Harsha Chatrath

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

Water Samples ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Point Of View ◽

Present Condition ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Methods And Techniques

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to make sure that the Bird valley’s quarry water is suitable for drinking purposes or not and to monitor the seasonal variations in the physico-chemical parameters of this quarry water. Methodology: Water samples from the quarry were collected in clean and sterilized polyethylene bottles. Water samples were collected from different points and mixed together to get an integrated sample. Some of the selected physico-chemical parameters of the quarry water have been analyzed. Results were compared with standard limits of IS: 10500-2012. All the parameters were analyzed in the laboratory by using standard methods and techniques. Main Findings: As per the obtained results this quarry water contains a very large number of Coliforms detected in the months of September and December and in June month Coliform count was 33 CFU/ml. This overall result for coliform is making this quarry water unfit for domestic purposes. Applications of this study: This study helps us to understand the current condition of this quarry water and also enables us to know whether the quarry water is fit for drinking purposes. It also enables us to know whether this quarry water can be used for domestic purposes after the treatment. Novelty/Originality of this study: Bird valley’s quarry water has not been analyzed from this point of view till date. This study will help us to understand the present condition of the water.

Download Full-text

Water Conflict Resolution in Multiple User Scenarios in Mahakanadarawa Scheme in Sri Lanka

International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research ◽

10.14299/ijser.2016.02.013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 130-136

Author(s):

Hamseen, M.H.M ◽

Sivakumar, S.S

Keyword(s):

Conflict Resolution ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Developing Country ◽

National Economy ◽

Food Production ◽

Large Contribution ◽

Water Conflict ◽

East Side ◽

Irrigation Scheme ◽

Multiple User

Sri Lanka is an agriculture based developing country and currently Anuradhapura district provides the large contribution to the national economy through food production. The Mahakanadarawa irrigation scheme situated in east side of the A9 road, nearly 20km from the heart of the Anuradhapura city.

Download Full-text

Abstract 12280: Endothelial Cell Inflammation and Antioxidant Capacity are Associated With Exercise Performance and Microcirculation in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.12280 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew W Gardner ◽

Donald E Parker ◽

Polly S Montgomery ◽

Danuta Sosnowska ◽

Ana I Casanegra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cell ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Regression Model ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Calf Muscle ◽

Circulating Biomarkers ◽

Multivariate Regression Model ◽

Independent Variables

Background: We determined whether exercise performance and lower extremity microcirculation were associated with endothelial cell inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and with circulating biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant capacity. Methods: One hundred sixty symptomatic patients with PAD were characterized on the endothelial effects of circulating factors present in the sera using a cell culture-based bioassay on primary human arterial endothelial cells. Patients were further evaluated on circulating inflammatory and vascular biomarkers, physical examination, medical history, exercise performance measured during treadmill evaluation by peak walking time (PWT), and claudication onset time (COT), and lower extremity microcirculation measured by calf muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) during treadmill exercise. Results: In the multivariate regression model for PWT, the significant independent variables included ankle-brachial index (p<0.001), age (p=0.017), hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC) (p=0.008), and endothelial cell NF-κB activity (p=0.015). In the multivariate regression model for COT, the significant independent variable was endothelial cell NF-κB activity (p=0.013). In the multivariate analyses for the average rate of decline in calf muscle StO 2 during exercise, the significant independent variables included body mass index (p<0.001) and HORAC (p=0.024). Conclusions: Endothelial cell inflammation and circulating biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidant capacity are significant factors for exercise performance and microcirculation of the ischemic calf musculature during exercise. The clinical implication is that interventions designed to alleviate endothelial cell inflammation and circulating inflammatory biomarkers, such as antioxidant therapy, may improve exercise performance of symptomatic patients with PAD.

Download Full-text