scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity of Chernozem Typical Depending on The Main Cultivation of Soil and Fertilizer

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
L. V. Tsentylo
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Fertilizer System

All agrotechnical and agrochemical measures aimed at increasing soil fertility have an effect on enzyme activity. Measures such as soil cultivation, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil,activate or suppress the enzymatic processes. The research relies on the intensity and direction of biochemical processes in the soil, containing a series of methods, the use of which has enabled the establishment of a favorable enzymatic active layer of arable chernozem typical. Such methods include: field, laboratory, analysis. The level of differentiation of protease, urease, phosphatase, amylase, catalase, depending on the cultivation of soil and fertilizer, was revealed in the process of comparative analysis of enzymic activity of typical black soil in sunflower agrocenosis. Field experiments on the study of fermentative activity of typical black currant were conducted during 2012-2016. The object of research was soil cover. It was established that the activation of biochemical processes in the soil is ensured by the organo-mineral fertilizer system - compost 4.5 t + N40P48K54 + 3.5 t by-products and seed weight per hectare of crop rotational area. Application of the mineral fertilizer system reduces the enzymatic activity of typical black soil. The highest activity of the protease and catalase passes in the arable layer for powered-unpowered cultivation. Higher phosphatase activity was observed for differentiated soil cultivation. Research on this problem should be continued in order to establish a relationship between the parameters of enzymatic activity of soil with the structure of microbial cenosis of typical black soil of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilization

scholarly journals The effect of mineral and organomineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat on the southern black soil in the condi-tions of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Artem Ermilov ◽  
◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
Vladimir Turchin ◽  
Vera Kamenevа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer System

Field experiments were conducted in 2017-2020 on the southern black soil in the conditions of the Lower Don. The Doneko winter wheat variety was sown. The predecessor of wheat is corn for grain. Mineral fertilizers were represented by ammonium nitrate (34.4%), nitroammophosk (16-16-16) and carbamide (46%), which acted as a background option in the scheme of the ex-periment. Organomineral fertilizers were preceded by the following agrochemicals: Ruther, Leyli 2000, Alga 1000/Turbo, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Garden (Master Green Mix) and Double Vine (Monocaliphosphate). In the experiment, options for the joint use of non-root application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. It was found that the use of organomineral fertilizers Ruther (0.5 or 0.25 l/ton) and Leyli (0.25 l/ton) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l/ha) and Humiful Pro (0.2 l/ha) in spring tillering and in the flag leaf phase against the background of a starter treatment mineral fertilizer in the form of azofoska at a dose of N32P32K32, fertilizing on frozen-thawed soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and non-root topdressing with carbamide in the phase, earing at a dose of N20 increased the increase in grain yield on average for 3 years compared to the control variant (farm fertilizer system) by 0.73 t/ha or by 23.0%. The greatest increase in yield from the Router root-forming agent used for seed treatment was 0.36 t/ha or 11.3%. Keywords: WINTER WHEAT, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS, YIELD

scholarly journals Agroecological justification of winter wheat fertilization systems in the south-west of the Central Black-soil region

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 07005
Author(s):  
Sergey Tyutyunov ◽  
Pavel Solntsev ◽  
Alexey Stupakov ◽  
Marina Kulikova ◽  
Al Dhuhaibawi Haider Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Soil Region ◽  
Fertilizer System

Under the conditions of the south-western part of the Central Black-soil region in the grain-and-plant crop rotation on the black-soil the typical maximum yield of winter wheat was 5.52 t/ha when using the organic-mineral fertilizer system as part of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P60K60 and manure in the dose of 40 t/ha according to the third level of plant protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide insecticide growth substances) with maximum payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers with grain harvest increase – 15.5 kg. Yield increase at the 1st level of plant protection (seed etching) was 1.86 t/ha (68.1%), at the 2nd level of protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide) – 2.55 t/ha (93.4%) and at the 3rd level of protection – 2.79 t/ha (102.2%). The highest increase from pesticides was 0.69 and 0.93 t/ha (15.0 and 20.3%), respectively. The use of such a fertilizer system is justified, in which the energy coefficient was 1.03 and 1.05. The design of an organic fertilizer system using manure does not meet the requirements of bioenergy efficiency at all levels of plant protection (Кee = 0.79-0.87).

ОтзывчивостькартофелянаудобрениеипотериурожаяотфитофторозавусловияхСеверо-ЗападаРоссии

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh.A. Ivanova ◽  
O.I. Yakusheva ◽  
P.A. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Целью комплексного исследования, выполненного в Меньковском филиале АФИ в 20122017 годах была оценка вредоносности возбудителя фитофтороза в зависимости от почвенноагрохимических и погодноклиматических условий. Методической основой исследования служил длительный полевой опыт агрофизический стационар в системе полевого и овощекормового севооборотов, в которых картофель возделывали по обороту пласта многолетних трав после озимой ржи и после ячменя. Объектами исследования служили: картофель раннеспелого сорта Ломоносовский среднеустойчивого к возбудителю фитофтороза по клубням и слабоустойчивого по ботве дерновоподзолистая почва средней, хорошей и высокой степени окультуренности и системы удобрения культуры. Супесчаная почва опыта характеризовалась рНКСl 5,26,3, содержанием гумуса 2,13,7, подвижных соединений P2О5 195676 мг/кг и К2О 97298 мг/кг. На хорошо окультуренной и высокоокультуренной почвах их поддерживали применением под картофель 35 и 70 т/га органических удобрений соответственно. Факторы исследования: степень окультуренности почвы (варианты: средняя, хорошая и высокая) и уровень применения минеральных удобрений в расчете на заданный КПД (коэффициент полезного действия фотосинтетически активной радиации) (варианты: КПД ФАР, 13 без удобрений КПД ФАР, 24 N80P20K100 КПД ФАР, 35 N120P30K150). В ходе комплексного исследования установлены параметры поражения возбудителем фитофтороза и уровень потерь урожая картофеля в зависимости от агроклиматических и почвенноагрохимических условий. Агрономическая эффективность изученных вариантов системы удобрения на культуре картофеля высокая. Уровень прибавок урожайности клубней и окупаемость 1 кг д.в. удобрений достигли 3358 и 8,311,6 з.ед. (зерновых единиц) на минеральной, 2545 и 3,98,0 з.ед. на органической и 3379 и 3,86,7 з.ед. на органоминеральной системе удобрения. В неэпифитотийных условиях (2 из 3 лет наблюдений) на фоне низких и умеренных показателей поражения общие потери урожая составляют 5, а окультуривание почвы и применение органических и минеральных удобрений снижают их на 3080. На эпифитотийном фоне, повторяющемся 1 раз в 3 года, пораженность ботвы и клубней картофеля возрастает в 4,3 и 6,1, интенсивность поражения в 2,8 и 3 и развитие в 12 и 17,5 раза соответственно. В эпифитотийные годы потери урожая возрастают в 5,2 раза (до 26), а минеральная система удобрения сокращает их только на среднеокультуренной почве. На этом фоне повышение степени окультуренности почвы и доз органических удобрений до высокого уровня неэффективно.Late blight is one of the most harmful potato diseases in the NorthWest of Russia. Today, its negative effects are aggravated by weather and climate changes. The goal of a comprehensive study carried out in the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Institute in 2012 2017 was an assessment of the harmfulness of the late blight pathogen depending on soilagrochemical, weather and climate conditions. The methodical basis of the research was a prolonged field agrophysical stationary experiment in the system of field and vegetablefeed crop rotations, where potato was cultivated after winter rye and after barley, which, in turn, were grown after perennial grasses. The objects of the study were potato Lomonosovsky, sodpodzolic soil with different degree of cultivation and fertilizer systems for the culture. Potato Lomonosovsky is early ripening variety, its tubers are medium resistant to the late blight agent, and its tops are weakly resistant to it. The sodpodzolic soil had average, good and high cultivation degree. Sandy loam soil in the experiment had the value of pHKCl of 5.2 6.3, the humus content of 2.1 3.7, the content of mobile P2O5 and K2O compounds of 195 676, 97 298 mg/kg, respectively. In well and highly cultivated soils, these parameters were maintained by the application of 35 and 70 t/ha of organic fertilizers for potato, respectively. The experimental factors were the degree of soil cultivation (average, good and high) and the level of mineral fertilizer application for a given efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR efficiency of 1 3, without fertilizers PAR efficiency of 2 4, N80P20K100 PAR efficiency of 3 5, N120P30K150). In the course of the comprehensive study, the parameters of potato damage by late blight and the level of crop losses were established depending on the agroclimatic soilagrochemical conditions. Agronomic efficiency of the studied variants of the fertilizer system for potato was high. The level of tuber yield increase and payback of 1 kg of fertilizers active substances reached 33 58 and 8.3 11.6 cereal units (CU) for the mineral system, 25 45 and 3.9 8.0 CU for the organic one, and 33 79 and 3.8 6.7 CU for the organic and mineral fertilizer system. Under nonepiphytotic conditions (2 of 3 years of the observation), against the background of low and moderate damage rates, the total yield loss was 5, and the soil improvement and organic and mineral fertilizer application reduced them by 30 80. Against an epiphytotic background, repeated 1 time in 3 years, the damage of tops and potato tubers increases by a factor of 4.3 and 6.1, the intensity of the damage grew 2.8 and 3 times, and the development increases by a factor of 12 and 17.5 times, respectively. In the epiphytotic years, yield losses increased 5.2 times (up to 26), and the mineral fertilizer system reduced them only in medium cultured soil. Against this background, increasing the soil cultivation degree and organic fertilizer doses to a high level is ineffective.

Change of the redox potential in the profile of light grey forest surface-gleyed soil under different anthropogenic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O.S. Gavrishko ◽  
Yu.M. Olifir ◽  
T.V. Partyka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gleyed Soil ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Given

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.

scholarly journals Soil fertility management in apple orchard with microbial biofertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Alexei Solovchenko ◽  
Ludmila Stepantsova ◽  
Grigory Pugachev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.

scholarly journals Productivity of topinambur on podzolic degradated soils

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak ◽  
B. Barchak ◽  
T. Yakubovski ◽  
H. Hrytsuliak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Purpose of research. To determine rational fertilization systems for growing topinambur on low fertility soil to increase the productivity of plant community in order to strengthen the feedstock base for the production of bioethanol. Methods. Field, accounting, laboratory, and analytical. Results. It was established that the topinambur can be successfully grown on degraded eroded podzolic low fertility soil. A rational organo-mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of 15–20 t/ha of manure and N40–65P40–53K40–70 as well as the introduction of the microbiological formulation Filazonit MC (10 L/ha) improves the productivity and green weight of Jerusalem artichoke significantly compared without fertilizer. The total yield of dry biomass increases by 7.3–7.5 t/ha or by 100–102%. However, in the process of using plantations for 3–4 years, the yield of dry biomass is significantly reduced. Therefore, re-fertilization is required. Fertilizer systems exert unequal influence on the formation of the nutrient regime of degraded soil. The organo-mineral fertilizer system is characterized by a certain ameliorative effect on the soil system and helps to reduce the acidity of the soil environment, reducing hydrolytic acidity by 0.23–0.42 mmol/100 g of soil, or by 14–26%. As the proportion of organic fertilizers in the fertilizer system increases, the hydrolytic acidity index decreases. Fertilizing causes an increase in the content of the available basic mineral nutrients in the soil. Conclusions. Organo-mineral fertilizer system for artichoke has significant advantages over organic and mineral ones, because of the best agrochemical indices of soil, the highest yield of green mass and the tubers, which leads to the highest yield dry weight of the harvest. During fertilization, the green mass increases more intensively than the tuber crop. The use of fertilizers in smaller quantities increases the yield of aboveground biomass, and the increased rates of complete mineral fertilizers (ΣNPK = 390 kg/ha of active substance) provide an increase in the proportion of tubers in the total dry matter yield. An additional factor in increasing biological productivity of artichoke’s plant community is the introduction of biologically active agents, such as Filazonitu MC, which contributes insignificantly artichoke tubers improve yield and yield a significant increase in aboveground biomass through activation of microbiological processes in soil and plant growth processes.

scholarly journals CHANGE IN THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON MINIMIZING THE BASIC SOIL TILLAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Mars Ilyasov ◽  
Irina Suhanova ◽  
Liliya Bikkinina ◽  
Valentin Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer System

The possibility of minimizing the main tillage in crop rotation, the use of a fertilizer system in order to develop methods for increasing productivity and improving agrophysical characteristics on leached chernozem of the Republic of Tatarstan is investigated. The stationary field experience in crop rotation was laid in 2016 on a busy pair (vetch-oat mix), where various systems of primary tillage were studied: annual dump plowing - control option; dump plowing, planar loosening, longline plowing, chisel loosening - in subsequent years by surface peeling. The data obtained in field experiments indicate that, using various primary tillage and fertilizer systems, agrophysical properties can be regulated, and conditions can be created for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility of leached chernozem. The organic and mineral fertilizer system contributed to an increase in the moisture content in the meter soil layer by 2.1-16.1 mm compared to the mineral fertilizer system. Studies have shown that the introduction of manure at a rate of 60 tons per hectare before rotation of the crop rotation in 2016 contributed to a decrease in bulk density in the 0-40 cm layer compared to the LSG to 0.04 g/cm3. The water permeability of the soil depended on the depth and system of tillage, its moisture content and the crop grown. The use of a tiered soil cultivation system contributed to an increase in wheat yields for both fertilizer backgrounds by 0.8 tons per hectare (OMSU) and 0.7 tons per hectare (MSU), respectively, in comparison with the control variant. Calculations showed that the use of longline plowing in combination with small-scale processing using the organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured a reduction in the cost of main products compared to traditional waste processing to 12%, a net income growth from 1 ha to 15% and a profitability level to 22% .

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS WITH PHYTOMASS ANNUAL HERBS WHEN USING VARIOUS FERTILIZER SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
A. Ilinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Fertilizer System

Under the conditions of a lysimetric experiment on podzolic chernozem, it was found that the use of dolomite flour contributed to a decrease in the mobility of metals and their translocation into crop products, which was reflected in a decrease in their removal relative to the background. The use of mineral fertilizers by increasing the yield of phytomass contributed to an increase in the removal of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium from the soil. The largest total removal of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium with the phytomass of annual grasses (8,035 mg/m2) is observed when using a mineral fertilizer system, and the smallest removal of the indicated metals is observed when using lime without manure (5,092 mg/m2).

scholarly journals Efficiency of application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on winter barley in the conditions of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Alexander Tsykora ◽  
◽  
Vera Kamenevа
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Bacterial Preparations ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Field experiments on ordinary black soil were conducted in 2018-2021 in the Rostov region. The object of research was a variety of winter barley Master. The predecessor is corn for grain. Bacte-rial preparations developed at the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (VNIISHM) in St. Petersburg contain strains of associative microorganisms-nitrogen fixators: Mizorin, Ri-zoagrin, Extrasol. They were applied to barley seeds in the pre-sowing period. It was found that the use of Mizorin (600 g /ha) for seed treatment before sowing against the background of a near-sowing application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer in the form of a mixture of ammophos and ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30P30, nitrogen fertilization by a scattered surface method with ammonium nitrate at a dose of 30 kg/ ha of the active substance increased the increase in grain yield on average for 3 years compared with the control variant by 0.71 t/ ha or by 14.4%. The use of the biological preparation Mizorin without mineral fertilizers against the background of natural soil fertility increased the yield compared to the control variant by 0.31 t /ha or by 6.3%. On av-erage, in 2019-2021, the protein content in winter barley grain in the control variant was 10.7%, which provided a protein harvest equal to 528 kg/ha. Against the background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of N30P30 and nitrogen fertilizing at a dose of 30 kg / ha, the max-imum increase in protein content was obtained in the variant with the use of Mizorin, which compared to the control variant was 1.1%, while the protein harvest increased by 138 kg/ha or 26.1%. Keywords: WINTER BARLEY, ORDINARY BLACK SOIL, BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS, MINERAL FERTILIZERS

scholarly journals Biological properties of ordinary сhernozem and productivity of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
A.T. Khusainov ◽  
◽  
G.T. Kyzdarbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
State University ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Flax Seeds

Among the main processes of soil degradation is the depletion of organic carbon in the soil. Increasing soil fertility can reduce the risks of soil degradation and improve the environment. This article presents the results of a study of the biological properties of ordinary Chernozem and the yield of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted on the experimental field Of the training and research and production center «Elite» of the Kokshetau state University named after sh.Ualikhanov. The microbiological activity of the soil was determined by the method of flax seed applicationand the microflora was taken into account by seeding the soil suspension on solid nutrient media. The effect of the preparation «Agrobions» in combination with mineral fertilizers on the composition of microflora, microbiological activity of common black soil and the yield of oilseed flax seeds was established. The preparation of «Agrobionov» in combination with mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the number of agronomically valuable groups of microorganisms and on the yield of oilseed flax.

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