scholarly journals FENNEL YIELD AND QUALITY DEPENDING ON TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Khomina ◽  
V.S. Stroyanovskyy
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Mathematical Data Processing ◽  
Research Show

The growth of the essential oils market is explained by the growing demand for natural and organic products. Today, the global aromatherapy market with essential oils is growing, and demand for essential oils is increasing at the same rate. The studies are dedicated to the valuable essential oil culture ‒ fennel, the spread of which in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine will allow to obtain high profitability by agro-forming of different forms of ownership and will help to provide the Ukrainian market with raw materials of appropriate quality. The article offers a solution to the pressing issue of expanding the area of new unconventional culture in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by improving technological measures in the cultivation of culture. The basis of scientific research is the study of sowing terms (1st decade of April, for soil LTR 6-80C), (2nd decade of April, for LTR of soil 10-120C); row spacing (5, 30, 45 and 60 cm) and seeding rates (1, 1.5 and 2 million sprouting seeds per hectare). Among the plans of the research tasks were: to conduct the accounting of yields and to determine indicators of seeds quality (the content of essential oil in fennel seeds and its conditional yield per hectare of sowing), depending on the studied factors. Crop accounting was performed by continuous submerged threshing. The yield was brought to 100% purity and standard humidity according to the method described by V.O. Moiseychenko and V.O. Yeshchenko. Mathematical data processing was performed according to the method of B.A. Dopehova. The results of the research show that the sowing variants in the first decade of April, with a wide-row method (45 cm) sowing rate of one million sprouting seeds per hectare, yielded the optimum yield of fennel – 1.48 t / ha. In the same variant, the maximum content of essential oil was obtained – 6.23% and its yield from the hectare sowing area‒ 59.2 kg.

Fennel seeds in the forest-steppe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stroyanovskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Maximum Content

Goal. To substantiate the technology of growing fennel in Lisste. Crop accounting was performed by continuous submerged threshing. Methods. The yield was brought to 100% purity and standard humidity according to the method described by V.O. Moiseychenko and V.O. Yeshchenko. Mathematical data processing was performed according to the method of B.A. Dopehova. Results. The article highlights the results of studies of technological factors influence (sowing time, seeding rates, row spacing, growth regulators and terms of their application) on the yield and quality of fennel seeds when grown in the Western Forest-Steppe. Indicators of yield and content of essential oil in seeds depending on the studied factors are given. According to the research results, on average over the years of research the yield of fennel seeds at 1.56 t / ha was obtained by sowing at the level of thermal regime of the soil 6–80C in a wide row at 45 cm by seeding rate of one million sprouting seeds per hectare. Among the studied agents Vermiyodis was the best when used for seed treatment, and the agent Humifield – for the treatment of vegetative plants, the yield on these variants exceeded the control by: 0.28 and 0.30 t / ha, respectively. The maximum content of essential oil in the same variants of experiments was determined. In addition, calculations have been made which show that the maximum conditional oil yield of 60 kg / ha was observed in the variant of sowing in the first term with a row spacing of 45 cm and the sowing rate of one million sprouting seeds per hectare. The use of growth regulators helped to increase the conditional yield of essential oil by 4.5–11.6 kg / ha. Conclusions. Тo ensure the yield of fennel seeds at the level of 1.56-1.8 t / ha, the content of essential oil in the seeds - in the range of 6.26-6.36% in the Western Forest-Steppe, we offer sowing at the level of soil thermal regime 6-80C in a wide row at 45 cm sowing rate of one million such seeds per hectare, in the phase of plant stems - spraying crops growth regulator Humifield at the rate of 100 g / ha, dissolved in 250 liters of water.

scholarly journals Plants of Nepeta cataria var. citriodora Beck. and essential oils from them for food industry

10.5219/1109 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Frolova ◽  
Anatoliy Ukrainets ◽  
Olga Korablova ◽  
Volodymyr Voitsekhivskyi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Nepeta Cataria

Nepeta cataria var. citriodora Beck. (catmints) is a source industrial production of citral and attractive raw material for food industry and cooking. Aerial part of Nepeta are characterized by high antimicrobial activity and fungicidal action against mold fungi, used in folk medicine, as ingredient in recipes for sausages, liqueurs and soft drinks, vegetable and fruit canned food, in the manufacture of vermouth. Ukrainian variety 'Melody' was created specifically for growing in the Forest-Steppe zone, and variety 'Peremozhets' – in the Steppe zone. Data on the yield aerial part and essential oil Nepeta was determined. The dry aerial part of plants N. cataria we used to create a dry spicy mixture for sweet dessert dishes. Quantitative content and qualitative composition of essential oil of plants by organs and phases of vegetation are presented in the article. In our research we used essential oils obtained by hydro distillation procedure for 2 h using Clevendger-type apparatus from the flowering parts of plants N. cataria 'Peremozhets' and 'Melody'. Investigate of components was carried out by high effective gas chromatography with HP 6890 chromatograph coupled with HP 5972 mass selective detector. The most abundant components of Nepeta essential oil was citral, geraniol, as well as nerol, citronellol, citronellal, carvacrol, camphor, eugenol. We proposed fractional distillation of essential oils to obtain a line of flavors with stable sensory and physicochemical indicators for food industry. The separation of essential oils into fractions was carried out on a pilot installation of fractional distillation DFD (Device of Fractional Distillation). Calculations of parameters controlled dispersal of essential oils (residual pressure, temperature regimes, number of theoretical plates, reflux number) were carried out. During fractionation of essential oil of N. cataria four fractions were obtained with a content of 96 ±0.5% to the total mass of samples. Sensory and physicochemical analysis of aromatic fractions announced them as promising flavours for food industry.

scholarly journals Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. from mountainous regions of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansureh Ghavam ◽  
Afsaneh Afzali ◽  
Maria Manconi ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽  
Maria Letizia Manca
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Suitable Area

Abstract Background Essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. is one of the most valuable and important raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry. The cultivation of this plant has ancient origins, and Kashan was one of the first mountainous regions of Iran dealing with the cultivation of R. × damascena. In this study, both chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of different rose essential oils obtained from five mountainous areas of Kashan region (Maragh, Qamsar, Sadeh, Javinan, and Kamoo) has been investigated along with the influence of the environmental conditions on these properties. Results Results showed that yield and chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Rosa × damascena were significantly affected by the collection area. In particular, the yield of oils varied from ~0.08 to ~0.132% and citronellol (36.70-9.18%), geraniol (12.82-0.47%), nonadecane (22.73-10.36%), heneicosane (31.7-11.43%), and 1-nonadecene (6.03-3.93%) have been detected as main compounds in all the plants collected, but at different concentrations depending on the collection area. The best fragrance and the highest yield were found in the oil from Kamoo area. Similarly to the chemical composition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was affected by their origin, and essential oil obtained from plants collected from Kamoo area disclosed the highest antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Its inhibition halos were 17.33±0.58 mm against Aspergillus brasiliensis, 15.67±0.58 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 12.33±0. 58 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. Essential oils of R. damascena were also effective against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and they had a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL irrespective of the collection area (except the oil from Javinan area). On the contrary, the highest antifungal power against Candida albicans yeast was reached using the essential oil obtained from plants collected in Javinan region (MIC and MBC ~62.50 μg/mL). Conclusions Overall results underline the influence of environmental conditions of the different areas of Kashan region, on the chemical composition of and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Rosa × damascena. In addition, results disclosed that Kamoo seemed to be the most suitable area for the competitive cultivation of R. × damascena to the intensive production of aromatic flower oil and natural antimicrobial essential oils.

scholarly journals Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad ABU DARWISH ◽  
Ezz Al-Dein AL-RAMAMNEH ◽  
Ivan SALAMON ◽  
Ziad ABU-DIEYEH ◽  
Mohamed AL NAWAISEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
First Time

Salvia officinalis, known also as sage, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that spreads all over the word in several countries. The demand for the raw material and extracts of this plant is increasing due to its numerous applications in pharmacy, food and herbal tea production. The present study investigated for the first time the effect of 15, 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing (plant density) on the main constituents of sage essential oils and rosmarinic acid content. The highest content of essential oils (2.7%) and rosmarinic acid (2.0%) were obtained in plants grown using 15 cm planting space. Likewise, close spacing resulted also in a substantial content of 1,8-cineole (47-50%, GC/FID; 55-60%, GC/MS). This work indicated that 1,8-cineole chemotype was a dominant character of cultivated S. officinalis in south of Jordan. In general, the percent of α-thujone in essential oil was not affected by intra-row spacing. However, the percent of β-thujone decreased from (2-3%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing to (1-2%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing. The highest content of α-and β-pinene was recorded in plants grown using 45 cm planting space (8-10%, GC/FID; 5-6% GC/MS). Based on GC/MS, camphor compound was enriched (9-10%) in sage plants grown under 15 cm spacing and greater than in plants grown under 30 (6-7%) or 45 cm (5-6%) spacing. The results make the potential use of sage extracts in the treatment of some human disorders or illness an area of further research.

scholarly journals Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Igor' Vladimirovich Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Western Eurasia ◽  
Burial Grounds

The object of this research is the interaction of the forest and forest-steppe habitat of Eastern Europe during the Golden Horde. The subject of this research is the interaction of the Chiyalik culture, formed in the forest-steppe zone of Volga-Ural region and the Golden Horde culture formed in the steppe zone of Western Eurasia. The monuments of Chiyalik culture – subsoil burial grounds and ancient settlements – are located in the valleys of the Rivers Kama, Belaya, Ika, Dema, Chermasan, Suni and other rivers in the eastern parts of modern Tatarstan and northwestern parts of the modern Bashkortostan, dating back from XII–XIV centuries. The bearers of Chiyalik culture were Ugric by origin, who have undergone Turkization and Islamization. The article explores the narrative sources that contain records on the relations between Uralic Ugric Peoples and Mongols, archaeological data on the objects of the Golden Horde import found on the monuments of Chiyalik culture. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of narrative sources and archaeological data on the problem of interaction of Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde as the synchronous historical phenomena. Narrative sources indicate the conquest of the territory of Chiyalik culture by the Mongols, tribute and labor conscriptions carried out by the local population in favor of the conquerors. The objects of the Golden Horde were detected on the settlement monuments: silver earrings and coins were found in Ufa-II settlement; copper coins were found in Iske–aul settlement; pottery and copper coins were found in Podymalovo-I settlement. Silver Golden Horde coins were found in the Taktalachuk and Azmetyevsky burial grounds. The author’s special contribution to this research lies in the conclusion that the paucity of findings is explained by the absence of large settlements, and the Muslim funeral rite. The novelty consists in establishment of the fact of the unilateral impact of the Golden Horde culture upon the Chiyalik culture: in exchange for the items of the Golden Horde import, were exported the raw materials, items of cattle breeding, hunting and beekeeping.

STUDY OF PARSLEY ESSENTIAL OIL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.В. ПЕЛИПЕНКО ◽  
О.Н. СПОДА ◽  
С.К. МУСТАФАЕВ ◽  
В.Е. КРЕПАК ◽  
Э.Э. КОЧИЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Complex Technology ◽  
Ripe Stage ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Исследованы количественные и качественные изменения эфирного масла из травянистого сырья петрушки огородной (Petroselinum sativum) в фазе технической спелости растения – в период от молочной до молочно-восковой спелости плодов центральных зонтиков. Установлено, что выход эфирного масла увеличен на 50%. Определено, что прирост общего содержания эфирного масла влечет увеличение выхода большинства его компонентов. Наибольший прирост наблюдается для апиола (300%), массовая доля которого достигает 7,8%, что необходимо учитывать при организации уборки и в технологии переработки травянистого сырья P. sativum. Также существенно возрастает содержание в масле 1,3,8-пара-ментатриена – до 28,30%, обусловливающего аромат зелени петрушки. Более 70% общего количества компонентов масла составляют углеводороды и среди них, помимо 1,3,8-пара-ментатриена, альфа- и бета-пинены, лимонен. Рекомендовано проводить уборку травянистого сырья петрушки на стадии молочно-восковой спелости плодов центральных зонтиков. Доказана целесообразность дальнейших исследований содержания эфирного масла в различных органах растения на разных этапах фазы технической спелости для более полной характеристики количественных и качественных изменений и разработки технологии комплексной переработки травянистого сырья петрушки. The study of quantitative and qualitative changes of parsley essential oil Petroselinum sativum based on herbal raw materials in a phase of the technical ripeness of a plant – in the period from milk-ripe stage to milky-waxy stage of fruit ripeness of central parsley umbels allowed us to find out that at this stage the output of essential oils grows by 50%. There has been a steady increase in the total content of essential oils which leads to the increase in the output of most of its components. The biggest growth is observed for parsley camphor (300%), which mass fraction is 7,8%. It is necessary to take this fact into consideration during the harvest season and in the processing of parsley herbal raw materials P. sativum. It should be mentioned that hydrocarbons constitute 70% from the total amount of essential oil components, among them are 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, as well as alpha- and beta-pinenes, limonene. On the base of carried out research it is recommended to harvest parsley herbal raw materials at the milky-waxy stage of fruit ripeness of central parsley umbels. It is expedient to study changes in essential oils of various plants’ organs at various stages of technical ripeness for more complete characteristics of qualitative and quantitative changes and the development of complex technology of processing of parsley herbal raw materials.

scholarly journals Potential use of essential oils to enhance heat tolerance in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Hara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Heat Shock Responses ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

AbstractIsothiocyanates, monoterpenes, and leaf volatiles that are components of essential oils induce the expression of heat shock protein genes in plant systems. Here, the modes of heat shock responses induced by the essential oil compounds and their heat-tolerance-enhancing activities are described. Traditionally, green manure produced from essential-oil-containing plants has been used because such manure is thought to have beneficial effects in fertilizing, allelopathic, antibacterial, and animal-repellent activities. In addition to these effects, stress (especially heat stress)-tolerance-enhancing activities can be expected. Biostimulants containing such essential oils may be able to maintain the yield and quality of crops under increasing ambient temperatures. In this review, chemicals that enhance the heat tolerance of plants are designated as heat tolerance enhancers (HTLEs). Some essential oil compounds can be categorized as HTLEs available for biostimulants.

scholarly journals Teknologi Ekstraksi Bunga Kenanga (Cananga Odorata L.) dan Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus L. ) Sebagai Aroma Terapi Sabun Cair

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Malse Anggia ◽  
Sri Mutiar ◽  
Dewi Arziah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Soap Product ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Distillation Equipment ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Essential oils are used as raw materials in various industries. Plants containing essential oils are flower kenanga and citronella fragrance. This study aims to create prototype of essential oil distillation equipment. Essential oils obtained from the prototype, then tested as an aroma therapy in liquid soap. The result of oil refining has been done several experiments by using citronella fragrance and kenanga flower. Device productivity goes well. This is indicated by the oil obtained from lemongrass and kenanga oil in the process of distillation. The resulting volatile oil is applied to the manufacture of liquid soap. Yield oil yields were 0.22%. and the fragrant lemongrass obtained is 0.12%. Based on the organoletic test on the resulting soap product, the average of the color is 3.7 (likes), the viscosity is 3.55 (likes), the aroma is 3.05 (regular) and the 3.55 foam (likes) on the kenanga aroma soy while the average color is 4.05 (like) viscosity 3.1 (regular), aroma 3.05 (regular) and foam 3.45 (likes) on liquid soap the aroma of citronella perfume. Keywords : Essential oil; Extraction; Lemongrass;  Soap

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Accumulation of Essential Oils in the Roots of Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel) Depending on the Age and Place of Growth in the Mangistau Region (the Western Kazakhstan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Akzhunis Imanbayeva ◽  
Meruert Sagyndykova ◽  
Margarita Ishmuratova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the dynamics of the accumulation of essential oil in the underground organs of Ferula foetida grown on the territory of the Mangistau region (the Western Kazakhstan), depending on the age of the plant and the place of growth, are investigated. The maximum accumulation of essential oil is noted for the 4th year of vegetation (0.98%), the minimum – for the annual plants (0.14%). The largest quantitative composition of essential oil is noted in the sands of Tuyesu and on the elevation of Tynymbay Shoky, the minimum – in the vicinity of the Karkol wintering. As the results of the study the optimal places of raw materials harvesting and collection dates are determined.

scholarly journals Study of populations of Carum carvi seeds in the climatic conditions of the northern Trans-Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
M. Gubanov ◽  
A. Gubanov ◽  
V. Gubanova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract. The authors present the results of a study of the genetic characteristics of Carum carvi seeds (Carum carvi) in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The purpose of the work is to study the genetic resources of medicinal and spicy – aromatic plants of the Northern Trans-Urals, to distinguish endemic forms from Carum carvi populations with valuable economic and biological characteristics. The area of priority areas is the study of this culture with a subsequent increase in the production of medicinal raw materials for the pharmaceutical and food industries. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region at the Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Northern Trans-Urals, a branch of the Federal Research Center of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the SB RAS, the feed production department, endemic forms from Carum carvi populations were studied. The variety Aromatnyy was used as a standard. Methods. Counts and observations were carried out according to the experimental technique. The collection nursery contains 200 samples of endemic forms of the 2nd year of life, of which 12 samples of this species were isolated. Of the forms previously introduced and adapted to local conditions, there were 150 plants of the same species of the 2nd year of life planted in 2017, of which 12 plants were isolated. The plot size is 9 m2. Results. In a collection nursery 350 samples of Carum carvi seeds of ordinary endemic and introduced forms of plants were studied. With the high seed yield and the highest content of essential oils in relation to the standard Aromatnyy variety, in the study of endemic forms, two samples of the second year of life, No. 1-2-2, and No. 1-4-2, were distinguished, and when studying introduced samples by seed productivity, the following were distinguished: No. 12-1-2 and No. 2-4-1 – 27.0 g per plant. The selected population samples for economically useful traits are a valuable genetic source for the yield of raw materials and the accumulation of essential oils.

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