scholarly journals Научное сотрудничество: мониторинг вечной мерзлоты циркумполярной зоны и обмен данными

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-208
Author(s):  
Troy J. BOUFFARD ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina URYUPOVA ◽  
Klaus DODDS ◽  
Alec P. BENNETT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Reasonable Possibility ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Subsea Permafrost

Scientific cooperation is a well-supported narrative and theme, but in reality, presents many challenges and counter-productive difficulties. Moreover, data sharing specifically represents one of the more critical cooperation requirements, as part of the “scientific method [which] allows for verification of results and extending research from prior results.” One of the important pieces of the climate change puzzle is permafrost. Currently, most permafrost data remain fragmented and restricted to national authorities, including scientific institutes. Important datasets reside in various government or university labs, where they remain largely unknown or where access restrictions prevent effective use. A lack of shared research—especially data—significantly reduces effectiveness of understanding permafrost overall. Whereas it is not possible for a nation to effectively conduct the variety of modeling and research needed to comprehensively understand impacts to permafrost, a global community can. However, decision and policy makers, especially on the international stage, struggle to understand how best to anticipate and prepare for changes, and thus support for scientific recommendations during policy development. This article explores the global data systems on permafrost, which remain sporadic, rarely updated, and with almost nothing about the subsea permafrost publicly available. The authors suggest that the global permafrost monitoring system should be real time (within technical and reasonable possibility), often updated and with open access to the data. Following a brief background, this article will offer three supporting themes, 1) the current state of permafrost data, 2) rationale and methods to share data, and 3) implications for global and national interests.

scholarly journals Scientific Cooperation: Supporting Circumpolar Permafrost Monitoring and Data Sharing

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Troy J. Bouffard ◽  
Ekaterina Uryupova ◽  
Klaus Dodds ◽  
Vladimir E. Romanovsky ◽  
Alec P. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Reasonable Possibility

While the world continues to work toward an understanding and projections of climate change impacts, the Arctic increasingly becomes a critical component as a bellwether region. Scientific cooperation is a well-supported narrative and theme in general, but in reality, presents many challenges and counter-productive difficulties. Moreover, data sharing specifically represents one of the more critical cooperation requirements, as part of the “scientific method [which] allows for verification of results and extending research from prior results”. One of the important pieces of the climate change puzzle is permafrost. In general, observational data on permafrost characteristics are limited. Currently, most permafrost data remain fragmented and restricted to national authorities, including scientific institutes. The preponderance of permafrost data is not available openly—important datasets reside in various government or university labs, where they remain largely unknown or where access restrictions prevent effective use. Although highly authoritative, separate data efforts involving creation and management result in a very incomplete picture of the state of permafrost as well as what to possibly anticipate. While nations maintain excellent individual permafrost research programs, a lack of shared research—especially data—significantly reduces effectiveness of understanding permafrost overall. Different nations resource and employ various approaches to studying permafrost, including the growing complexity of scientific modeling. Some are more effective than others and some achieve different purposes than others. Whereas it is not possible for a nation to effectively conduct the variety of modeling and research needed to comprehensively understand impacts to permafrost, a global community can. In some ways, separate scientific communities are not necessarily concerned about sharing data—their work is secured. However, decision and policy makers, especially on the international stage, struggle to understand how best to anticipate and prepare for changes, and thus support for scientific recommendations during policy development. To date, there is a lack of research exploring the need to share circumpolar permafrost data. This article will explore the global data systems on permafrost, which remain sporadic, rarely updated, and with almost nothing about the subsea permafrost publicly available. The authors suggest that the global permafrost monitoring system should be real time (within technical and reasonable possibility), often updated and with open access to the data (general way of representing data required). Additionally, it will require robust co-ordination in terms of accessibility, funding, and protocols to avoid either duplication and/or information sharing. Following a brief background, this article will offer three supporting themes, (1) the current state of permafrost data, (2) rationale and methods to share data, and (3) implications for global and national interests.

What Makes a City Bikeable? A Study of Intercity and Intracity Patterns of Bicycle Ridership using Mobike Big Data Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Ying Long ◽  
Jianting Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rating System ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The City

This paper examines how mass ridership data can help describe cities from the bikers' perspective. We explore the possibility of using the data to reveal general bikeability patterns in 202 major Chinese cities. This process is conducted by constructing a bikeability rating system, the Mobike Riding Index (MRI), to measure bikeability in terms of usage frequency and the built environment. We first investigated mass ridership data and relevant supporting data; we then established the MRI framework and calculated MRI scores accordingly. This study finds that people tend to ride shared bikes at speeds close to 10 km/h for an average distance of 2 km roughly three times a day. The MRI results show that at the street level, the weekday and weekend MRI distributions are analogous, with an average score of 49.8 (range 0–100). At the township level, high-scoring townships are those close to the city centre; at the city level, the MRI is unevenly distributed, with high-MRI cities along the southern coastline or in the middle inland area. These patterns have policy implications for urban planners and policy-makers. This is the first and largest-scale study to incorporate mobile bike-share data into bikeability measurements, thus laying the groundwork for further research.

RECONSTRUCTION OF ARTESIAN WATER IN THE MANOR OF A. K. TOLSTOY

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
S. A. Akhremenko ◽  
M. S. Pytskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Project Proposal ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Current State ◽  
Artesian Water ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Village ◽  
Cultural Monuments

Currently, the issue of preservation and effective use of cultural heritage is relevant. Bryansk region has a significant number of valuable historical and cultural monuments. Almost every district is rich in unique places of interest, a special place among which is occupied by the estate. Within the framework of the concept of landscaping of the estate of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy in the village of Krasny Rog, Pochepsky district, Bryansk region, together with the company "Bryanskpromburvod" were carried out field surveys, engineering-geological, hydrological surveys and other necessary activities in order to compile a pre-project proposal for the reconstruction of the source of artesian water, taking into account archival and bibliographic materials, with minor changes in view of the current state of the territory of the object of cultural heritage. Taking into account engineering-geological and hydrological researches, results of full-scale inspection of the territory, the technology of drilling of a well, necessary materials and the equipment for its arrangement is picked up. The article considers the issue of attracting tourists and vacationers to the source of artesian water in the estate of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy. Above the source it is recommended to install a pump room for the release of water, in order to protect it from pollution, and perform it in the architectural style corresponding to the period of life of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy in the estate. Historical and cultural heritage can act not only as a factor in the development of spiritual life, but also as one of the promising areas of economic development in the Bryansk region. The attractiveness of the Museum-estate increases the tourist attendance, and part of the funds can be used for the maintenance of cultural heritage.

scholarly journals J-CO: A Platform-Independent Framework for Managing Geo-Referenced JSON Data Sets

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Psaila ◽  
Paolo Fosci
Keyword(s):  
Query Language ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Execution Engine ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
Computational Resources

Internet technology and mobile technology have enabled producing and diffusing massive data sets concerning almost every aspect of day-by-day life. Remarkable examples are social media and apps for volunteered information production, as well as Open Data portals on which public administrations publish authoritative and (often) geo-referenced data sets. In this context, JSON has become the most popular standard for representing and exchanging possibly geo-referenced data sets over the Internet.Analysts, wishing to manage, integrate and cross-analyze such data sets, need a framework that allows them to access possibly remote storage systems for JSON data sets, to retrieve and query data sets by means of a unique query language (independent of the specific storage technology), by exploiting possibly-remote computational resources (such as cloud servers), comfortably working on their PC in their office, more or less unaware of real location of resources. In this paper, we present the current state of the J-CO Framework, a platform-independent and analyst-oriented software framework to manipulate and cross-analyze possibly geo-tagged JSON data sets. The paper presents the general approach behind the J-CO Framework, by illustrating the query language by means of a simple, yet non-trivial, example of geographical cross-analysis. The paper also presents the novel features introduced by the re-engineered version of the execution engine and the most recent components, i.e., the storage service for large single JSON documents and the user interface that allows analysts to comfortably share data sets and computational resources with other analysts possibly working in different places of the Earth globe. Finally, the paper reports the results of an experimental campaign, which show that the execution engine actually performs in a more than satisfactory way, proving that our framework can be actually used by analysts to process JSON data sets.

Climate change and security in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
Wilfrid Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Security ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Domestic Conflict ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
Humanitarian Crises

This article examines the implications of human-caused climate change for security in Canada. The first section outlines the current state of climate change, the second discusses climate change impacts on human security in Canada, and the third outlines four other areas of Canada’s national interests threatened by climate change: economic threats; Arctic threats; humanitarian crises at home and abroad; and the threat of domestic conflict. In the conclusion, I argue that climate change has clearly not been successfully “securitized” in Canada, despite the material threats it poses to human and national security, and outline directions for future research.

Computer-facilitated Qualitative Data Analysis: Potential Contributions to Management Research

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Wolfe ◽  
Robert P. Gephart ◽  
Thomas E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Software Programs ◽  
Effective Use

The development of software programs designed to facilitate qualitative data analysis has proltferated recently. Despite their potential to contribute much to management research, very little concerning the use of such programs has appeared in the management literature. The purpose of this paper is to review the current state of computer-facilitated qualitative data analysis [CQDA] in order to contribute to its effective use by management researchers. In an effort to achieve this purpose we discuss why CQDA programs are proliferating, describe the potential of such programs to contribute to management research, address program capabilities and features, describe CQDA applications in management research, and review issues researchers should be aware of in considering the use of C&DA.

Predicting Psycho-educational Problems in Childhood

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Mass Identification ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

Presented are (1) a brief synthesis of several key conceptual and methodological concerns and some ethical perspectives related to identification of psycho-educational problems and (2) conclusions regarding the current state of the art. The conceptual discussion focuses on differentiating prediction from identification and screening from diagnosis; three models used in developing assessment procedures also are presented. Methodologically, the minimal requirements for satisfactory research are described and current problems are highlighted. Three ethical perspectives are discussed; cost-benefit for the individual, models-motives-goals underlying practices, and cost-benefit for the culture. The current state of the art is seen as not supporting the efficacy of the widespread use of currently available procedures for mass screening. Given this point and the methodological and ethical concerns discussed, it is suggested that policy makers reallocate limited resources away from mass identification and toward health maintenance and other approaches to prevention and early-age intervention.

scholarly journals Insights from the evaluation of a provincial healthy eating strategy in Nova Scotia, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1870-1878
Author(s):  
S Meaghan Sim ◽  
Sara FL Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Health Model ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractObjectiveHealthy Eating Nova Scotia represents the first provincial comprehensive healthy eating strategy in Canada and a strategy that is framed within a population-health model. Five years after strategy launch, our objective was to evaluate Healthy Eating Nova Scotia to determine perceptions of strategy implementation and strategy outputs. The focus of the current paper is on the findings of this evaluation.DesignWe conducted an evaluation of the strategy through three activities that included a document review, survey of key stakeholders and in-depth interviews with key strategy informants. The findings from each of the activities were integrated to determine what has worked well with strategy implementation, what could be improved and what outputs have resulted.SettingThe evaluation was conducted in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.ParticipantsParticipants for this evaluation included survey respondents (n 120) and key informants (n 16). A total of 156 documents were also reviewed.ResultsSignificant investments have been made towards inter-sectoral partnerships and resourcing that has provided the necessary leadership and momentum for the strategy. Policy development has been leveraged through the strategy primarily in the health and education sectors and is perceived as a visible success. Clarity of human resource roles and funding within the context of a provincial strategy may be beneficial for continued strategy implementation, as is expansion of policy development.ConclusionsKnown to be the first evaluation of its kind, these findings and related considerations will be of interest to policy makers developing and implementing similar strategies in their own jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Understanding needs and barriers to using geospatial tools for public health policymaking in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dohyeong Kim ◽  
Yingyuan Zhang ◽  
Chang Kil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Geospatial Tools

Despite growing popularity of using geographical information systems and geospatial tools in public health fields, these tools are only rarely implemented in health policy management in China. This study examines the barriers that could prevent policy-makers from applying such tools to actual managerial processes related to public health problems that could be assisted by such approaches, e.g. evidence-based policy-making. A questionnaire-based survey of 127 health-related experts and other stakeholders in China revealed that there is a consensus on the needs and demands for the use of geospatial tools, which shows that there is a more unified opinion on the matter than so far reported. Respondents pointed to lack of communication and collaboration among stakeholders as the most significant barrier to the implementation of geospatial tools. Comparison of survey results to those emanating from a similar study in Bangladesh revealed different priorities concerning the use of geospatial tools between the two countries. In addition, the follow-up in-depth interviews highlighted the political culture specific to China as a critical barrier to adopting new tools in policy development. Other barriers included concerns over the limited awareness of the availability of advanced geospatial tools. Taken together, these findings can facilitate a better understanding among policy-makers and practitioners of the challenges and opportunities for widespread adoption and implementation of a geospatial approach to public health policy-making in China.

scholarly journals Public and corporate human resources management programs as one of the factors of monocities modernization in the framework of sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
L.A. Chikatueva ◽  
T.A. Okhotina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Current State ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Effective Use

In this article, the author examines the reasons for social stratification of the country’s regions and singles out the difficult socio-economic situation of the majority of single-industry municipalities in Russia as one of the main ones. The aim of the study is to analyze the efficiency of use of human resources in the country as a whole, as well as the current state of single-industry towns and create a step-by-step plan for their modernization and restructuring as a necessary vector for sustainable economic development. The article emphasizes the need to integrate efforts on the part of the state, society and business in solving social problems in certain territories. The study was carried out using the following methods: observation, modeling, method of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis. The study result was development of a universal step-by-step plan for development of single-industry municipalities, substantiation of the possibility of its application as one of the factors for the effective use of human resources in a particular territory.

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