scholarly journals A Study of Interpretation of Mantoux Test in Pediatrics age Group (5-18 Years of Age)

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 5

scholarly journals Family history of early onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suggesting genetic associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjun Li ◽  
Kristina Sundquist ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Asta Försti ◽  
Kari Hemminki
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Prostate Cancers

AbstractChildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has an origin in the fetal period which may distinguish it from ALL diagnosed later in life. We wanted to test whether familial risks differ in ALL diagnosed in the very early childhood from ALL diagnosed later. The Swedish nation-wide family-cancer data were used until year 2016 to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for familial risks in ALL in three diagnostic age-groups: 0–4, 5–34 and 35 + years. Among 1335 ALL patients diagnosed before age 5, familial risks were increased for esophageal (4.78), breast (1.42), prostate (1.40) and connective tissue (2.97) cancers and leukemia (2.51, ALL 7.81). In age-group 5–34 years, rectal (1.73) and endometrial (2.40) cancer, myeloma (2.25) and leukemia (2.00, ALL 4.60) reached statistical significance. In the oldest age-group, the only association was with Hodgkin lymphoma (3.42). Diagnostic ages of family members of ALL patients were significantly lower compared to these cancers in the population for breast, prostate and rectal cancers. The patterns of increased familial cancers suggest that BRCA2 mutations could contribute to associations of ALL with breast and prostate cancers, and mismatch gene PMS2 mutations with rectal and endometrial cancers. Future DNA sequencing data will be a test for these familial predictions.

scholarly journals Prevalence Study of Ocular Morbidity among Primary School Children in Delhi Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Sridhara Reddy ◽  
Gurunadh Satyanarayana Velamakanni ◽  
Shailesh Mogra
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ocular Morbidity ◽  
Group 5

ABSTRACT Aim To estimate the prevalence of ocular morbidity among primary school children in Delhi area. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was conducted among primary school children of age group 5–12 years in Delhi area. A total of 1,100 school-going children were evaluated. After questionnaire administration, visual acuity, examination of anterior and posterior segment structures of the eyes of the children were carried out. For the statistical analysis, children were divided into three groups: group I (5–7 years), group II (8–10 years), and group III ((<12 years) based on age. Results A total of 1,100 school children (625 boys and 475 girls) participated in the study. A total of 282 (25.6%) children had visual impairment and 315 (28.6%) children had ocular morbidities. The common ocular morbidities identified were refractive error 25.6%, color vision defective 0.9%, convergence defect 1.8%, and squint 0.2%. The older age group (8–10 years) had a higher prevalence of refractive error, especially myopia, compared to the younger age group (5–7 years) and group ((<12 years) (p < 0.001). Conclusion A high prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children of age group 8–10 years was observed. Refractive errors were the most common ocular disorders. This study emphasized that a simple school visual screening program is effective for the early detection of ocular problems. How to cite this article Reddy S, Velamakanni GS, Mogra S. Prevalence Study of Ocular Morbidity among Primary School Children in Delhi Area. J Med Acad 2020;3(2):43–45.

scholarly journals KO MPETENCJE SŁOWOTWÓRCZE POLSKICH DZIECI DWUJĘZYCZNYCH MIESZKAJĄCYCH W IRLANDII(NA PRZYKŁADZIE NAZW OSOBOWYCH ŻEŃSKICH)

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Natalia SIUDZIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Context Of Learning

The complexity of word-formation in Slavic languages, especially in the Polish language, makes it very difficult for Polish speaking children and bilingual children to learn, especially when the second language is not Slavic. In this article I would like to concentrate on the linguistic problems in the context of learning word-formation by bilingual children aged 5-9 who live in Ireland and who learn Polish and English at the same time. I would like to juxtapose their level of word formation competence with those children who are Polish language speakers living in Poland and who are in the same age group (5-9). The research described below concerns the category of feminine gender words. The linguistic data used for the description were collected during the fieldwork research carried out with the group of thirty bilingual children. The results of the research allowed to establish the differences in the linguistic development of monolingual and bilingual children and to indicate the factors that determine the acquisition of word-formation competences. This type of research will help teachers and other specialists (psychologists, speech therapists) working with such children to better assess the language skills of bilingual children. They also allow to estimate the scale of difficulties that Polish children returning from emigration will encounter.

scholarly journals Study on the Epidemiology of Typhoid Fever

1927 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Group 5

A study was made of the available statistical data bearing on the epidemiology of typhoid in Palestine. It apears from this analysis that:1. The typhiod epidemicity is not due to a single source such as contaminated water or food. The seasonal prevalence of the disease corresponds with the normal seasonal incidence of typhiod, and is, therefore, in the nature of a contact infection.2. There is no striking difference in age, sex or race susceptibility. In Tel Aviv the age group 5–14 shows a lower incidence than the corresponding age group in Jerusalem or the higher age group 15–29 in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. There is, however, no difference in susceptibility between the age group 15–29 in Jerusalem and that in Tel Aviv.3. From a graphic comparisos, the calculation of the coefficient of correlation of the limited experience (six years), and a comparison of the prevalence of the disease in the immigrant and indigenous population, there appears to be a significant correlation between the net population increment and epidemicity. These results, if confirmed by a longer experience, are in accord with those obtained in the remarkable mice experiments conducted by the English and American investigators.4. Although, at the beginning, the morbidity and mortality is higher in the immigrant group, there is an evident tendency at equalisation, and in the second year the incidence in the indigenous population is the same as that among the immigrants.5. The above results indicate the path of control: (a) every immigrant, particularly those between the ages 5–29, should be properly vaccinated against typhoid. By raising the resistance of the new population, the possibility of epidemics among them, and consequently later among the resident population, will be averted; (b) the reduction of endemic typhoid can be brought about by reducing the dosage of the infectious microbes. This can only be brought about by concentration of effort on the early detection and isolation of cases and the vaccination of all contacts. These two measures would seem to offer a prompt and relatively simple solution to the typhoid problem in Palestine.

Waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak in Albania

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Divizia ◽  
R. Gabrieli ◽  
D. Donia ◽  
A. Macaluso ◽  
A. Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paediatric Unit ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
The City

Three different studies are reported concerning the environmental pollution caused by viruses in Albania. The first study describes an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the capital city, involving 2,722 children attending the Paediatric Unit of Tirana Hospital. The age group with the highest morbidity was 0-5 years, with 89.5%; no fatalities were recorded during the outbreak. Rotavirus was detected in 26/28 faecal samples by RT-PCR, although astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were also present. The second study describes an outbreak of hepatitis A virus involving the city of Lac. Two hundred cases were recorded, with the highest incidence in the age-group 5-9 years. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1/2A region showed the presence of a unique sequence: genotype IA. Rotavirus was identified in drinking-water samples collected during the outbreak. The third study describes the prevalence of HAV and HEV in 202 sera randomly collected from 12 different cities in Albania. HAV showed a high incidence (66.2%), whereas none was positive for HEV. The genomic analysis of the VP1/2A junction revealed the presence of only one genotype (IA) with few point mutations and just two amino acid substitutions at codons 22 and 34. Additionally, two potential antigenic variants were detected, the first at position 46 of VP3 and the second at position 23 of VP1.

Descent Versus Design in Shuar Children's Reasoning about Animals

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Clark Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Design Rule ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Inductive Inferences ◽  
Group 5

AbstractThe ability to make inductive inferences is important because without it, generalization of knowledge to new circumstances would be impossible. One context in which such inductive skills are likely to have been important over evolutionary time is encounters with animals. Previous research suggests that children take into account at least two kinds of relationships between animals when making inductive inferences about them: descent relationships (i.e., taxonomic relationships), and design relationships (i.e., ecological relationships). Because descent and design relationships are sometimes orthogonal, making correct inferences about particular traits sometimes requires overlooking one kind of relationship in favor of the other. In this study, I used a base-to-target induction task to examine the use of two inference rules in 5 to 12 year old Shuar children from the Amazon region of Ecuador. The descent rule uses taxonomic relationships when the function of the trait being judged is ambiguous or unknown, and the design rule privileges ecological relationships (in this case, predator) over taxonomic relationships when the function of the trait is relevant to the ecological category in question. The results show that Shuar children do employ both of these rules, and are able to switch between them for different kinds of traits, as the descent/design mode hypothesis predicts. Children in both the younger age group (5 to 8) and the older age group (9 to 12) were able to use these rules, but the older children showed a slightly different pattern due to the use of specific acquired knowledge about some of the taxa.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Role of Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) in Appendicitis of Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Susankar Kumar Mondal ◽  
AKM Zahid Hossain ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Gazi Zahirul Hasan ◽  
Kaniz Hasina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Suspected Appendicitis ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Negative Appendicectomy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Appendicitis Score

Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in pediatrics and is the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in childhood. The diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis remains challenging. To evaluate the role of pediatric appendicitis score (PAS) in the diagnosis of appendicitis of children.Methods: In this study, 200 suspected appendicitis patients attended in four private hospitals in old Dhaka city over a period of about 34 months from January 2011 to May 2014 were selected as study subjects. Patient age, sex and each of the eight PAS components were collected. Children who had PAS less than six were discharged and contacted by telephone upto 1 month to verify final outcome. Rest of the children with PAS equal or more than 6 were underwent appendectomy.Results: Two hundred patients were assessed in this study. Out of them 67 (33.5%) children had appendicitis and 76 (38.0%) children had PAS equal or more than 6. In appendicitis children, maximum (85.3%) children were in age group 10- 16 years and 10 (14.7%) patients were in age group 5-9 years.Male (73.5%) were predominant than female (26.5%) in appendicitis children. Migration of pain, nausea and anorexia were in 43 (63.2%), 45 (66.2%) and 48 (70.6%) appendicitis children respectively. Fever, cough/percussion tenderness and tenderness in RLQ were in 37 (54.4%), 52 (76.5%) and 59 (86.8%) appendicitis children respectively. Leukocytosis andneutophilia were present in 42 (61.8%) and 46 (67.6%) appendicitis children respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy rate of PAS were 80.6%, 83.5%, 71.1%, 89.5% and 82.5% respectively.Conclusion: Paediatric Appendicitis Score is a good tool but not good enough for diagnosis of paediatirc appedicitis. It cannot be recommended for diagnosis of paediatric appendicitis because its negative appendicectomy rate as well as wrongly discharged rate is high.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(1): 16-19, 2015 (Jan)

scholarly journals Assessment of immunization coverage and associated factors among children in Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam district, Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3594
Author(s):  
Anuradha Kizhatil ◽  
Reshma . ◽  
Harsha Chollankil Hariharan ◽  
Alexander John ◽  
Ann Mary Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 5

Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions averting countless childhood deaths and protecting millions of children from disability and illness. The objective of the current study was to assess the immunization coverage and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months and 5-7 years in Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam district, Kerala.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done. Cluster sampling method of WHO was used for evaluation of immunization coverage.300 children in the age group of 12–23 months and 300 children in the age group 5-7 years were selected from each of the 30 clusters. Crude coverage details for each vaccine were estimated using percentages. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of immunization coverage.Results: Among the children 12-23 months old, eleven (3.7%) children were partially immunized, while everybody had received at least one vaccine. The proportion of children fully immunized was 96.3%. Among the children 5-7 years old 55 (18.3%) were partially immunized. Belonging to Muslim religion, fathers’ occupation i.e. who were labourers/unskilled workers, mother’s education less than 12th standard and not possessing the mother and child protection card were found to be factors associated with partial immunization.Conclusions: This study shows that full immunization has not reached all children.

scholarly journals A traditional way to combat against Streptococcus mutans

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhakar A R ◽  
Rekhamani Maganti ◽  
Mythri P ◽  
Saraswathi V Naik
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of conventional Glass ionomer cement, Glass ionomer cement (GIC) with 0.1% (w/w) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and Glass ionomer cement with 1% (w/w) Curcuma longa against streptococcus mutans.Methods: Children of age group 5-9 years, irrespective of sex, race and socioeconomic status with at least 3 cavitated dentinal lesions in primary molars clinically involving occlusal surface suitable for ART were selected.The dentinal samples were collected three times from each carious tooth, viz. baseline (before excavation of caries), after hand excavation of caries and after 7 days of restoration. The dentinal samples were subjected to microbiological evaluation for Streptococcus mutans count.Results: Experimental groups (Group II and group III) showed statistically significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans counts compared to control group (Conventional Glass ionomer cement). Group II i.e. (Glass ionomer cement with 0.1% (w/w) EGCG) showed significant reduction than Group III i.e. (Glass ionomer cement with 1% (w/w) Curcuma longa).Conclusion: ART technique was successful in reducing the streptococcus mutans load in a carious cavity but significant numbers of residual microbes were still found to be present even after the carious tissue was removed. Restoration of the cavity using EGCG and turmeric modified GIC was able to markedly reduce the S.mutans counts compared to conventional GIC. 

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