scholarly journals ABOUT PARAPHRASES AND NICKNAMES IN THE NOVEL OF “CHOLIKUSHI”

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (07) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Muazzama Foziliya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Methodological Tool

This article discusses the phenomenon of renaming events and individuals by describing their characteristics, not by their names. It has also been suggested that people have nicknames that refer to their strengths and weaknesses. Paraphrases are then used to describe speech as a means of stylistics. Paraphrases are said to be renaming by describing objects, events, and types, and their types are listed according to their structure. Paraphrases have been noted to serve not only to enrich charm, imagery, and speech, but also to reinforce its content. The lexical unit of the nickname, in turn, has four different meanings. At the same time, Rashod Nuri Guntekin connects the whole system of events in the novel “Cholikushi” with certain paraphrases and divides them into three parts: “Farida – Cholikushi”, “Farida – Silkworm”, “Farida – Gulbashakar”. It is said that the events of the work are developed by the author around these paraphrases, and the author creates original tools. It is emphasized that each paraphrase and nickname in the work is a unique invention of the author, which is skillfully used in the novel as a methodological tool. It is noted that Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novel “Cholikushi” effectively used paraphrases and nicknames. The author is in his work “Çalıkuşu”( Cholikushi), “İpekböceği”(Silkworm), “Gülbeşeker”(Gulbashakar), “Evliya parmaklığı”(Saint’s paw), “Küçük”(Small) paraphrases, “Sakallı Amca”(Bearded Uncle), “Gourde”(Gourd), “San çıyanı”(Yellow scorpion), “Ayı Dayı”( Bear wrestler), “Sarı zalim”(yellow cruel), “Sarı mahluk”(yellow monster), “Düldül”(Duldul), “Odabaşı”(Captain), “Sevgili ayıcıklarım”(dear bears) emphasis was placed on the skillful use of nicknames in their place, and analyzed through examples. In the conclusion, the main part of the nicknames are Turkish words, some of which are Persian (gül, dayı) and Arabic (zalim, mahluk) words, only one nickname is French (gourde) which was used to convey the spirit of the time.

Le Maroc francophone en classe du FLE en Pologne : état des lieux et proposition didactique

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Dorota Pudo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Language Class ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Cultural Goals ◽  
Oral Interaction ◽  
Short Presentation

The article contains an idea for a lesson of French as a foreign language and focuses on the reading of a fragment from the Moroccan writer Tahar Ben Jelloun’s novel Enfant de sable. In the theoretical part, the author of the text analyses modern conceptions of interculturality in a language class as well as the place of literature in teaching foreign languages. The author also analyses the presence of Moroccan culture in French classes in Poland and the reasons why this presence seems so scarce. The objectives of the proposed lesson target communication skills (reading comprehension, oral interaction) and socio-cultural goals (getting to know a Moroccan author writing in French and increased awareness of cultural specificity of a foreign society). The chosen fragment illustrates a problem that is culturally distant to a Polish learner (a father broken by the fact that his seven children are all female, then apparently rejoicing at the birth of a boy). The proposed lesson develops as follows: it opens by an introductive discussion about Morocco and a short presentation of the author; the main part consists of reading the chosen fragment and completing some text-related exercises; finally, there follows a discussion aimed at achieving more cultural distance, focused on two questions: what elements of the fragment should be modified if the novel was to take place in Poland (and remain realistic) and what the learners’ emotions are toward the protagonist. Carrying out the lesson plan in one of Cracow’s high schools proved that the learners were able to achieve the present goals, and seemed genuinely interested in the discussed novel.

scholarly journals Polska literatura najnowsza i Holokaust – edukacyjny potencjał fikcji?

2020 ◽  
pp. 372-388
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czyżak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article contains considerations regarding memory of the Holocaust in Polish contemporary prose and analyses the arguments for and against fictitious representations of theShoah. The author discusses the changes in treating fiction which narrates the history of Jewish people during the Second World War – from works of fiction published after the war (e.g. Wielki Tydzień by Jerzy Andrzejewski) to popular thrillers written in the 21st century. The main part of this article is devoted to a novel Tworki written by Marek Bieńczyk in 1999, telling a story of young people – Poles and Jews – employed in a mental hospital during German occupation. The novel was at the centre stage of discussion about relationship between fiction and the Shoah theme, yet the author of the article argues that it may serve as an important stepping stone in exemplifying history. This literary vision of the Holocaust (defined as “pastoral thriller”) shows educational possibilities of fiction.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the usage of concept "hospitality" in the phraseological units of English, Russian and Uzbek languages on the basis of the English translation of the novel “Silence” by S.Ahmad

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1640-1648
Author(s):  
Kholmuradova Leyla Eshkuvvatovna ◽  
Maya Sultanova Tuychievna ◽  
Sharofova Diyora Furkatovna ◽  
Mamarizaeva Farangiz Zohidjon Qizi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Life Events ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Process

At present, in connection with globalization, the language is especially interested in cross-cultural understanding. Today, the interest in the study of original and translations of the text "Silence" in the world literary process is attracting the attention of orientalists and translators around the world. The scientific study of the content and phrase logical aspects of the novel "Silence" by world scholars, such as the creative personality, the writer's creative method, artistic skills, allows to identify and evaluate the features of the development of literature. According to structure of phrases, a phrase is a lexical unit that is equivalent to a sentence, semantically whole, has a generalized meaning, is not created in the speech process, but is ready to be introduced into the speech. According to the linguist Mamatov, phrases are a separate unit of language, which, according to their structure, is a free connection or equivalent to a sentence, fully or partially semantically reconstructed figurative, stable phrases. Phrases are specific figurative expressions of people's conclusions based on observation of life events, assessment of acceptable and unacceptable actions in society, generalization of life experiences. Writers are often not content to select and use phrases appropriate to the purpose of the image.

scholarly journals Characters’ nomination according to external features in Ilf and Petrov’s “12 chairs”

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Ekaterina R. Ratushnaya ◽  
Maria V. Savelyeva ◽  
Tatyana P. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Vivid Description

The paper presents the analysis of nomination according to the external features of the characters in the novel “The Twelve Chairs” by I. Ilf and Eu. Petrov. The characters’ nomination is understood as the main part of the anthroponymic system of the novel. The system of nominations denoting a person according to different aspects is viewed as a complex of multiple levels including several subsystems or semantic unities. One of them is a unity of nominations denoting characters according to their external features. Due to their semantic meaning the units can be divided into two groups: units denoting a person according to permanent physical characteristics (such as age, sex, appearance) and units denoting a person according to situational physiological state or condition. The nominations in question serve to present a vivid description of personages and to express the esthetic impression based on the analysis of physical, physiological and anthropological qualities and states visually perceived by the author of nomination. The article will also touch upon the ways the nominations are translated into English by native speaking translators.

scholarly journals A case of collision in principles of language description?

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
Roland Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Object Position ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Language Description

Abstract In the article, I deal with an apparent case of incoherence within the framework of Functional Generative Description (FGD) in treating certain reflexive constructions. According to the principle that differences between valency frames are constitutive for establishing different lexical units (e.g., Žabokrtský and Lopatková, 2007), the occurrences of vnímat in (i) Vnímá syna jako soka and (ii) Sám se vnímá jako síla ochraňující divadlo have to be assigned to two different lexical units, as there is a difference in the formal marking of the Effect-argument (jako+accusative case in (i), jako+nominative case in (ii)). On the basis of the commutation test (e.g., Panevová, 2008) which identifies the reflexive clitic se in (ii) as an object-clitic, both occurrences of vnímat have to be, however, assigned to the same lexical unit as the only difference between vnímá syna in (i) and vnímá se in (ii) consists in the lexical filling of the object position. In the main part of the text, I review two different strategies to remedy the conflict between the two principles. I point out certain implications of both strategies and conclude by pleading for a solution within the framework of Modified Valency Theory (Karlík, 2000a)

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIZATION OF HOLOPHRASTIC CONSTRUCTIONS’ PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(79)) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Alla Kalyta ◽  
Vladyslava Klymenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Cognitive Experience ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Sentence Subject

The paper is focused on studying regularities of holophrastic constructions’ functioning in the English literary prose by means of identifying and classifying the most significant features of their linguistic characteristics and expression. Holophrastic construction is regarded in the paper as a synthetically formed composite lexical unit that combines features of a word, a word-combination, or a sentence, and which figuratively but precisely represents in communication the integrative pictures of the individuals’ thinking or behavior, fixed in their memory as a corresponding concept, for decoding of which the recipients use their communicative and cognitive experience. Having analyzed the interpretations of holophrastic constructions’ characteristic features given in various scientific sources, the authors present a generalized classification of their linguistic properties as well as provide examples of their actualization in English literary texts. The carried out analysis allowed the authors to systematize English holophrastic constructions according to the following most significant features of their linguistic expression: communicative and pragmatic aim (inducing to actions, restraining form actions, and evaluation of the communicative situation), form of expressing meaning (transparent or opaque), degree of their emotional loading (emotionally neutral, emotionally coloured, and emotionally expressive constructions), their syntactic function in the sentence (subject, predicate, object, attribute, or adverbial modifier) and their structure (three-component, four-component, five-component, and poly-component, i.e. consisting of six or more components). The performed study advances the idea that the substantiated classification can serve as a methodological tool for structuring classes, subclasses and groups of the experimental material within the scope of similar linguistic research.

scholarly journals Iconicity (of Reading). Lolita

Semiotika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 24-65
Author(s):  
Irina Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Vladimir Nabokov ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Iconic Sign ◽  
Literary Narrative ◽  
Permanent Property

The paper focuses on the issue of iconicity of (printed) literary narrative and proposes the idea of iconic reading (or iconicity of reading). It discusses Peircean notion of iconic sign, examines its use within the field of iconicity studies in language and literature (Olga Fischer, Christina Ljungberg, Winfried Nöth, etc.), and considers the differences of paradigms in iconicity research: (1) iconicity as a permanent property of a sign; imitation pattern – form mimes meaning; (2) iconicity as a variable quality of a sign, actualized by the speaker; imitation pattern – form miming form; (3) iconicity as the ground of human thought and a function of a sign, actualized by the reader / reading. Consideration of the differences within the field of iconicity research helps to reveal the underestimated textual aspects that actualize iconic dimension of literary narrative, and inspires to examine their role in the analysis of Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, precisely, its “Foreword” (both original English and Russian versions). The analysis of the fictional “Foreword”, which establishes the pattern of iconization of the novel as a whole, and inevitably includes the references to its “main” part, shows how the novel iconizes writing. Withal, the analysis demonstrates how this iconization configures the particular model of reading, which becomes the representamen of the specific cognitive icon. The mental representamen of this icon “stands for” the specific object – the text as the tangible media product, marked by the structural and discursive traits of its own. Respectively, such (cognitive) icon represents the pattern of mimetic relationship between form and meaning, introduced by Lars Elleström (2010), – meaning mimes form, worthy of further consideration.

THE USE OF ZOONYMS AS EMOTIONALLY-ATTITUDINAL UNITS FOR THE PEOPLE’S DESCRIPTION IN AFRO-AMERICAN CULTURE (based on the novel «Sula» by T. Morrison)

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Valentina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Code

The amount of linguistic research, dedicated to the study of lexical units based on the names of animal world’s representatives, grows every year. One of the reasons for this particular interest lies in the lack of sufficient theoretical base which could enable scientists to systematize the necessary cultural and sociolinguistic data. Researchers consider animals’ names in searching for the cultural code of a definite ethnic group, as well as pointing out specifics of the figurative component of thematic groups included in zoonyms. This approach allows them to examine those additional meanings that a certain lexical unit acquires within the stated national culture. The consideration of the corresponding units in the context of African-American writers’ works is of great interest within the originality of the plots themselves, as well as the folkloristic and mythological background found in the majority of the constructions with the zoonym element. The novel «Sula» by an outstanding writer Tony Morrison is one of these works. The writer’s texts are based on unique cultural and historical experience of African-Americans, specifics of their self-knowledge with an inherent belief in magic and myth. This article examines the termbase used for the analysis of zoonymocontaining lexical units. The most frequent nominations used for the evaluation of human characteristics and actions are demonstrated and described on the basis of the selected examples. Three categories of nomination (age, behavior, appearance) are considered in greater detail. The author of the article makes a conclusion about the frequency of the constructions with negative, neutral and positive connotations within the stated groups, as well as their usage for the description of a person's preferred and criticized qualities.

scholarly journals ИДЕЈЕ ЕВРОАЗИЈСТВА И „РУСКИ ХРИСТОС“ ДОСТОЈЕВСКОГ IDEAS OF EURASIANISM AND DOSTOEVSKY'S "RUSSIAN CHRIST"

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (38) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Neda Andrić ◽  
Jovan Radojević
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World

In this paper, through a review of the most important ideas of the philosophy of Eurasianism related to concepts of nationality, personality and Orthodoxy, we point out their connection with the world of ideas of F. M. Dostoevsky. The main part of the paper is dedicated to an analysis and observation of the connections between the idea of national culture, nationality, and the idea of Dostoevsky’s "Russian God", as well as Nikolai Trubetzkoy's key ideas about national culture as the only possible one, based on Orthodoxy as the only form of Christianity that preserves the original teaching and tradition. The notion of the "Russian Christ", recognized by Oscar von Schultz in the works of Pushkin, Lermontov, Turgenev, Chekhov and Dostoevsky, is especially present in the novel “The Possessed” through the character of Shatov. The character’s micro-monologue about the "Russian God" is a special focus of our analysis in the light of the phrase “Russian Christ”. This phrase expresses a specific understanding of Christianity that Russia received from Byzantium. Moreover, this specificity has been characteristically reflected, both in the literature and in the character and features of the Russian people, through the dominant kenotic principle.

scholarly journals HIBRIDITAS POSTKOLONIALISME HOMI K. BHABHA Dalam Novel Midnight’s And Children Salman Rushdie

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Syihabul Furqon ◽  
NFN Busro
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Salman Rushdie ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Midnight's Children ◽  
The Subject

Postcolonialism is a branch of the cultural studies that focuses on socio-cultural analysis, including signs and languages. Colonialism had clear implications in the actions of postcolonial society. Homi K. Bhabha found identification that in postcolonialism there emerged what he called as hybridity. Hybridity is a cross-culture (both intrinsic and extrinsic) that appears in society in many forms, one of which is language and attitude. This research will review Salman Rushdie's Midnight’s Children novel to reveal which aspects are hybridities. As a methodological tool, the authors use descriptive analysis (intrinsic-extrinsic). In this study, the authors found a large number of hybridity identifications in the novel Midnight’s Children. Especially in the aspects of identity (especially the formation of the subject), language, and inner struggle of characters in the novel. AbstrakPoskolonialisme merupakan cabang kajian studi budaya yang berfokus pada analisis sosiokultural, termasuk tanda-tanda dan bahasa. Kolonialisme memunculkan implikasi yang terbaca jelas dalam tindakan masyarakat poskolonial. Homi K. Bhabha menemukan identifikasi bahwa dalam poskolonialisme muncul apa yang disebutnya sebagai hibriditas. Hibriditas adalah silang budaya, baik intrinsik maupun ekstrinsik, yang muncul di masyarakat dalam banyak bentuk, seperti bahasa dan sikap. Dalam penelitian ini akan ditinjau novel Midnight’s Children karya Salman Rushdie untuk mengungkapkan aspek mana saja yang merupakan hibriditas. Sebagai alat metodologi, penulis menggunakan analisis deskriptif (intrinsik-ekstrinsik). Dalam penelitian ini penulis menemukan sejumlah identifikasi hibriditas dalam novel Midnight’s Children, terutama dalam aspek identitas (pembentukan subjek), bahasa, serta pergulatan batin tokoh..

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