scholarly journals The Origin of Feminism and the Feminist Movement in the Late 18th — Early 19th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
О.В. Захарова ◽  
Е.А. Нойкова
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Colonial Oppression

Вторая половина XVIII века в истории Европы богата не только войнами, революциями, колониальной политикой и множеством важных научных, технических и культурных открытий, но также и коренным социальными преобразованиями на европейском общественном пространстве. Именно эпоха Просвещения заложила начало к переоценке женщины как независимой личности, способной на равных правах с мужчинами полноценно участвовать в экономической, политической и производственной деятельности. Период протофеминизма дает богатый исторический материал о начале зарождения первых женских движений, лозунгов и выдвигаемых требований. На данном этапе появляются первые борцы за равноправие между мужчинами и женщинами, первые праматери феминистских движений, заложившие основы и постулаты для будущих поколений, появляются первые труды и первые произведения, положившие начало движению к равноправной гендерной свободе и борьбе женщин за свои права. In the late 18th century, Europe witnessed many wars, revolutions, colonial oppression, but it also saw many important scientific, technical and cultural discoveries and dramatic social changes. The Age of Enlightenment reassessed the role of women as independent personalities who can fully participate in economics, politics and manufacturing at par with men. Protofeminism anticipated modern feminism with its mottos and aspirations. In that era, there appeared first activists fighting for gender equality, forerunners of the feminist movement who formulated the principles of feminism. There appeared first works which lay the foundation of the gender equality movement and initiated womenʼs struggle for their rights.

The Quest for a Global Age of Reason. Part II: Cultural Appropriation and Racism in the Name of Enlightenment

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Dag Herbjørnsrud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Phillis Wheatley ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment is more global and complex than the standard Eurocentric Colonial Canon narrative presents. For example, before the advent of unscientific racism and the systematic negligence of the contributions of Others outside of “White Europe,” Raphael centered Ibn Rushd (Averroes) in his Vatican fresco “Causarum Cognitio” (1511); the astronomer Edmund Halley taught himself Arabic to be more enlightened; The Royal Society of London acknowledged the scientific method developed by Ibn Al-Haytham (Alhazen). In addition, if we study the Transatlantic texts of the late 18th century, it is not Kant, but instead enlightened thinkers like Anton Wilhelm Amo (born in present-day’s Ghana), Phillis Wheatley (Senegal region), and Toussaint L’Ouverture (Haiti), who mostly live up to the ideals of reason, humanism, universalism, and human rights. One obstacle to developing a more balanced presentation of the Age of the Enlightenment is the influence of colonialism, Eurocentrism, and methodological nationalism. Consequently, this paper, part II of two, will also deal with the European Enlightenment’s unscientific heritage of scholarly racism from the 1750s. It will be demonstrated how Linnaeus, Hume, Kant, and Hegel were among the Founding Fathers of intellectual white supremacy within the Academy. Hence, the Age of Enlightenment is not what we are taught to believe. This paper will demonstrate how the lights from different “Global Enlightenments” can illuminate paths forward to more dialogue and universalism in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Representasi Feminisme pada Lirik Lagu Dangdut Koplo Jawa: Analisis Wacana Kritis Van Dijk (Feminism on Javanese Koplo Dangdut Songs: A Critical Discourse Analysis of van Dijk)

JALABAHASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Herlianto A.
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Role Of Women

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi representasi feminisme pada lagu dangdut koplo Jawa. Tidak banyak yang mengkaji lagu dangdut koplo Jawa dari perspektif feminisme. Padahal, secara historis, Jawa memiliki agen-agen pergerakan untuk feminisme yang secara faktual seharusnya mempengaruhi kesusastraan dan kesenian Jawa. Ada lima lagu dalam bentuk transkrip sebagai data yang diperoleh dengan mentranskripsi lagu dangdut koplo Jawa dari YouTube. Data lalu dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis wacana kritis van Dijk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lagu-lagu dangdut koplo Jawa merepresentasikan kesetaraan perempuan terhadap laki-laki. Peran perempuan diungkapkan tidak lagi sebagai second sex, yang sepenuhnya sebagai ibu rumah tangga, tetapi mereka memiliki kesempatan untuk memilih masa depan secara independen. Sementara itu, feminisme dinyatakan secara langsung dan tidak langsung di dalam lagu dengan menggunakan bahasa kiasan dalam bentuk metafora.This research investigated the representation of feminism in Javanese koplo dangdut song. These songs have got little attention in terms of feminism representation. Meanwhile, historically, Javanese society has factual agents of movement for feminism who should be influencing to the Javanese arts and literature.There arefive transcriptions of the songs as the data which collected by transcripting the songs from YouTube. The collected data were then analysed by applying van Dijk frame work of critical discourse analysis. The results show that most of the songs present gender equality between men and women. The role of women is not only presented as the second sex or as mainly a house wife, but they have opportunities to choose their own future life independently. This condition is suggested by using indirect language or using metaphoric expressions.

scholarly journals Inclusion, Justice, and Peace in Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-344
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Easterday
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Just Peace

This chapter discusses the interplay between inclusion and accountability, using the Colombian peace process as an example. The chapter examines how inclusive input into the peace process, including a referendum, can shape the nature of accountability in post-conflict situations. Drawing on the ‘peace before justice’ debate, the chapter asks whether extensive inclusion can be an impediment to peace, or a guarantor of just peace. It discusses the role of women in the negotiations and the Special Jurisdiction for Peace It concludes that peace processes should be inclusive and promote gender equality to support sustainable peace.

scholarly journals TAFSIR GENDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyudi Ramdhan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
At Will

Traditional Islamic thought in general provides limited role of women as wives and mothers. Based on the view of classical Islamic texts and literature are still seen that women are still marginalized, or in other words, women are still under the domination of men. Therefore, women need to construct a discourse or text at will. It is undeniable that the interpretation of the classical scholars on the concept of equality of men and women from the perspective of today may well be judged as biased. For interpretations of the past can not be released to the socio-historical context of the time. Departing from the problems mentioned above then this article would like to see and analyze how the concepts offered and presented Islam in view of gender equality between men and women starting from the concept of gender so that the concept of gender bias by sex.Selanjutnyan followed by a discussion of the word gender mufrodat in the Qur'an and concludes with the interpretation of the discourse of gender equality. Dalama This commentary will set forth the extent where the equality between men and women

scholarly journals Intrepretasi Kontekstual Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif Atas Peran Perempuan di Ruang Publik dalam QS. An-Nisa: 34

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alwi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Female Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of Women

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendialogkan pemahaman Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif, seorang negarawan dan agamawan di Indonesia kontemporer, atas QS. an-Nisa: 34 dengan diskursus kesetaraan gender dalam mengkontekstualisasikan ajaran Islam di Indonesia, termasuk peran perempuan di ruang publik. Letak penting pemahaman Ahmad Syaf’i Ma’arif adalah kemampuannya dalam memberi sikap tengah, tidak konservatif dan tidak juga liberal, dalam mengemukakan spirit kepemimpinan perempuan menurut Islam dan Negara. Syafi’i Maarif menilai wacana konteks antara Arab-Indonesia tidak dapat diabaikan ketika pembaca teks hendak memahami kandungan QS. an-Nisa: 34. Perempuan Arab memiliki ruang dan dinamikanya sendiri, yang berbeda dengan perempuan di Indonesia, sehingga konteks ini berpengaruh dalam memahami al-Qur’an. Catatan kesetaraan gender Syafii Maarif adalah ada keadaan tertentu, seperti mengandung dan melahirkan, yang hanya dilakukan oleh perempuan. Upaya Ahmad Syafii Maarif dalam mengkontekstualisasikan QS. an-Nisa: 34 adalah kerja penting atas pembumian al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman (QS. al-Baqarah: 2 dan 185) ke dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, sehingga Islam yang rahmatan lil alamin dapat dirasakan dari segi pengangkatan peran perempuan di ruang publik.[This article aims to provide understanding of Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif, an Indonesian statesman and religious leader, over QS. An-Nisa: 34 with the discourse of gender equality in the contextualization of Islamic teachings in Indonesia, including the role of women in public space. The important point of understanding Ahmad Syaf’i Ma’arif is in his ability to give a central, non conservative and illiberal in raising the leadership spirit of women according to Islam and the state. Syafi’i Maarif assessed that the context discourse between Arab-Indonesia can not be ignored when the reader want to understand the content of QS. An-Nisa: 34. Arab women have its own space and dynamism, that is different from women in Indonesia, so this context is influential in understanding the Qur’an. The notion of the gender equality of Syafi’s Ma’arif is that there are certain circumstances, such as pregnant and childbirth, that only women can do.  The efforts of Ahmad Syafi’i Ma’arif in contextualizing QS. An- Nisa: 34 is an important work on the ground of the Qur’an as a guideline (QS. Al-Baqarah: 2 and 185) into the lives of Indonesian society, so that Islam, as rahmatan lil alamin, can be felt in terms of the female role in the public space.]

scholarly journals „Meil oli Mihkel Mehka ja ta naise nimi Hipp“ – Hargla kihelkonna tunnuslikest eesnimedest

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Taavi Pae
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
General Change ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Great Northern War ◽  
Full Population

Siinses artiklis vaatlen Hargla kihelkonna isikunimistut, keskendudes piirkonna tunnusnimedele Mehka ja Hipp. Neist esimese järgi on tekkinud piirkonnanimi Mehkamaa ja ka etnonüüm mehkad piirkonna elanike tähistamiseks. Nimekasutuse uurimiseks koostasin Eesti Rahvusarhiivis säilitatavate Hargla kihelkonna kirikuraamatute põhjal eesnimekorpuse. Eelkõige analüüsin tunnusnimede ajalist ulatust lähtuvalt legendist, mille järgi Põhjasõja aegadel jäid piirkonda elama vaid Mehka ja Hipp ning Mõniste ümbruse rahvas pärineb suuresti sellest kooselust. Arhiiviallikad näitavad, et nimi Mehka ilmub kirikuraamatutesse alles 18. sajandi lõpus, kuid nimi võis olla varem kirikuraamatusse kirjutatud Mihklina. Eelmainitud legendi võib aga pidada kunstlikuks, mille levik on seotud eelkõige Mõniste muuseumiga, kus seda hakati tutvustama. Hargla kihelkonna üldine nimevaramu muutus aga käib kokku ühiskondlike muutustega 19. sajandi lõpukümnenditel ja sealt kadusid koos mitmete teiste toonaste tavaliste nimedega ka piirkonna tunnuseesnimed Mehka ja Hipp. Abstract. Taavi Pae: “We used Mehka instead Mihkel and his wife’s name was Hipp” – On the characteristic first names of Hargla parish. In this article, I analyse first names in the Hargla parish (Võru county in Southern Estonia), focusing on two historically typical first names for the region: Mehka and Hipp. The first of these has been used to identify the whole area (Mehkamaa) as well as an ethnonym (mehkad). The author compiled a firstname corpus based on the Hargla parish register kept in the Estonian National Archives. One motive for the analysis was to verify the folklore of only two people in the area – a Mehka and a Hipp – surviving the Great Northern War, with the full population of the area descending from this partnership. The archive materials indicate that Mehka appeared in the parish register only in the late 18th century. There are several references to the earlier use of that name, but in the parish record they were marked as Mihkel. Nonetheless, the ‘folklore’ can be considered artificial with its spread primarily related to the Mõniste Museum founded in 1957. The general change in the name system of Hargla parish coincided with the social changes in the late 19th century. The regional first names Mehka and Hipp disappeared and the names became longer and more German-like.

scholarly journals The Role of Women in Selected Batak Toba Songs Based On Gender Equality

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Martina Girsang ◽  
◽  
Ikhwanuddin Nasution ◽  
Asmita Surbakti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Role Of Women

scholarly journals Gender balance in the context of decentralization of rural development management

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Hanna Sabluk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Role Of Women

The purpose of the article is to theoretically and scientifically substantiate the main methodological foundations for conducting research on gender equality and the introduction of principles covering the life of rural people. Research methods. The research process was carried out by methods of monographic and logical analysis of the development of rural areas in the system of gender policy. The issues of decentralization in the countryside are analyzed as a process of redistribution of functions and basic powers by the angle of gender. Attention is focused on women's participation in reforms at the local level. Research results. The issues of gender problems are highlighted: ensuring equal rights and opportunities in the economic, social and political life of the rural population. Attention is paid to the gender role of women in terms of the characteristics of his behavior as a mother, wife, mistress, guardian of the clan. It has been established that in the course of the decentralization reform, broader powers and directions of development in the economic and social life of rural people are revealed. Scientific novelty. The interest of communities in equal partnership between men and women in any initiatives for the economic, social and spiritual development of their rural region is characterized, takes the form of gender balance. The article considers the desire to provide a fair proof of their participation in public life, without diminishing the role of women and their work. Purposefulness should be aimed at overcoming established stereotypes. Attention is drawn to the interest of the scientific world in proving that gender equality is important for society. Practical significance. The research results emphasize that gender is a socially constructed phenomenon and this should be a direct targeting of the fair representation of each gender in the social process - with the interaction of respect and kindness for women's steps in their achievements. A number of important principles have been proposed covering the life of rural society. Refs.: 14.

Gender Policy And Role Of Women Farmers And Dehkans In Horticulture Sector: National Peculiarities Of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Nodira Mannapovna Azizova ◽  
◽  
Lobarkhon Kadirjanovna Azizova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Government

This paper presents results of the process focused on achieving of the gender equality and development of the agriculture sector. Implementation of the both programs presents the parabola symmetry axes where the strenthening the capacity of the women farmers and dehkans and increasing of their family’s wellbeing are going hand in hand in Uzbekistan. The Government of Uzbekistan has been prioritized improvement of legislative and institutional base for further ensuring equality for women in all spheres of life including agriculture sector. This paper shed lights on important gender aspects of rural development and concludes that the potential of rural women’s economic status and involvement has not yet been reached.

Foundations, 1872–1918

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-111
Author(s):  
Wilson McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Education System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
State Education ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses the first wave of Gaelic revival activity in Scotland from the late 18th century onwards, with a focus on the period from 1872 to 1918. It considers the development of different Gaelic organisations and their varying perspectives on the role of Gaelic and the appropriate strategies for development. Most important of these was An Comunn Gaidhealach, which became the main Gaelic organisation until the 1980s. The most important field of controversy concerned the role of Gaelic in the state education system, which was established in 1872. Over time, the education authorities made limited concessions that gave Gaelic a greater role, most notably the clause in the Education (Scotland) Act 1918 requiring education authorities in Gaelic-speaking areas to make provision for the language in the curriculum. The chapter also considers the role of Gaelic in public administration and the churches, and issues concerning the development of linguistic resources for the language.

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