scholarly journals Microbiological and epidemiological review of Hantavirus: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardi Marif ◽  
Kwestan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa

Hantaviruses are rodent viruses that have a world-wide distribution. Rodents and insectivores act as asymptomatic, chronic, persistently infected carrier hosts, whereas humans are dead end hosts and may exhibit symptoms after an incubation period of between one and six weeks. Hantaviruses infect humans and causing either hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Due to the absence of the treatment and approved vaccine in the USA, European and Asian countries, the public awareness and precautions are the only way of minimizing the risk of Hantavirus infection. This review provides a microbiological and epidemiological summary of the Hantavirus diseases in rodents and human beings. We concluded that the disease is a serious zoonotic disease the affect animals and humans and the mortality rate is really high. A wide range of different diagnostic tests play an important role in the diagnosis of the Hantavirus.

Advantages and risks of crowdfunding as a model of financing startups and community development projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Vitalii RYSIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capital Access

Crowdfunding as a tool for alternative financing has emerged relatively recently and is of limited use in Ukraine today. At the same time, it has significant potential, which can contribute to the implementation of a wide range of projects that for various reasons are not of interest to traditional lenders or investors. The aim of the article is to determine the benefits of crowdfunding for its participants, the peculiarities of the implementation of certain types of crowdfunding and identify risks that may be generated by them, as well as develop practical recommendations for crowdfunding campaigns by entrepreneurs and authors of community development projects. The article identifies the benefits of crowdfunding for project authors (low cost of capital, access to information and potential investors) and investors (clarity, low risks, access to new products, the ability to support creative ideas), substantiates the role of crowdfunding platforms in realizing the benefits of crowdfunding. The advantages and disadvantages of using certain types of crowdfunding are described. Recommendations for planning and implementation of the main stages of crowdfunding campaigns - idea development, target audience determination, research, communication, project budgeting, reward system development, campaign schedule development – are developed. The factors of choosing a crowdfunding platform for hosting the project are determined. The possibility of using crowdfunding for collective financing of socio-cultural projects within the public budgets of the united territorial communities is shown. The risks of using crowdfunding for project authors and potential investors are identified. Those risks are primarily related to realistic expectations and proper preparation for the fundraising campaign by project authors, as well as the lack of guarantees for investors in the event of problems or bankruptcy of the crowdfunding platform. The author highlights that the growth of public awareness about the possibilities of implementing social or business initiatives through crowdfunding platforms will contribute to the development of platforms, improvement of technological equipment, and expansion of their range of services.

The USA Electrical Grid

2019 ◽  
pp. 659-672
Author(s):  
Eugene de Silva ◽  
Eugenie de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa

This chapter provides a discussion of the United States (U.S.) electrical grid. In particular, the chapter explicates the vulnerabilities of the electrical grid by placing a focus on public perception, cyber-attacks, and the inclement weather. The authors elaborate on the necessity of contingency plans, heightened security through the utilization of smart grids and microgrids, and improved cooperation between the Intelligence Community (IC) and the public. This chapter further expands on the importance of government agencies establishing community outreach programs to raise public awareness and build a strong relationship between U.S. security agencies and the public. Overall, this chapter highlights the key issues pertaining to the electrical grid, and provides solutions and strategies to resolve them.

Internet search query analysis can be used to demonstrate the rapidly increasing public awareness of palliative care in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah McLean ◽  
Paul Lennon ◽  
Paul Glare
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundA lack of public awareness of palliative care (PC) has been identified as one of the main barriers to appropriate PC access. Internet search query analysis is a novel methodology, which has been effectively used in surveillance of infectious diseases, and can be used to monitor public awareness of health-related topics.ObjectivesWe aimed to demonstrate the utility of internet search query analysis to evaluate changes in public awareness of PC in the USA between 2005 and 2015.MethodsGoogle Trends provides a referenced score for the popularity of a search term, for defined regions over defined time periods. The popularity of the search term ‘palliative care’ was measured monthly between 1/1/2005 and 31/12/2015 in the USA and in the UK.ResultsResults were analysed using independent t-tests and joinpoint analysis. The mean monthly popularity of the search term increased between 2008–2009 (p<0.001), 2011–2012 (p<0.001), 2013–2014 (p=0.004) and 2014–2015 (p=0.002) in the USA. Joinpoint analysis was used to evaluate the monthly percentage change (MPC) in the popularity of the search term. In the USA, the MPC increase was 0.6%/month (p<0.05); in the UK the MPC of 0.05% was non-significant.DiscussionAlthough internet search query surveillance is a novel methodology, it is freely accessible and has significant potential to monitor health-seeking behaviour among the public. PC is rapidly growing in the USA, and the rapidly increasing public awareness of PC as demonstrated in this study, in comparison with the UK, where PC is relatively well established is encouraging in increasingly ensuring appropriate PC access for all.

Comparative practices of food label claims from US, EU and selected Southeast Asian countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
May O. Lwin
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to fulfil gaps in knowledge regarding food packaging practices in Southeast Asia by examining the informational content of food labels on a variety of packaged foods. Design/methodology/approach – Using local and imported food products found in supermarkets in Singapore, a quantitative content analysis of food label claims in a wide range of packaged food products was conducted. A codebook was developed to capture the attributes of the food labels and claims, content categories, product names, food categories, sources of manufacture and countries of brand origin. The three main regions of analysis of country of manufacture were the USA, European Union (EU) and Southeast Asia. Findings – Analysis of food products manufactured in five Southeast Asian countries revealed the presence of various claims in food products, and a number of specific claims exceeded the percentages found in products from the USA or EU. The results showed that a significant proportion of products from Southeast Asian countries display nutrient content and nutrient function claims, as well as general marketing claims and non-nutrient claims. However, there were variations in practice amongst the five Southeast Asian countries. Research limitations/implications – The sample was limited in being collected from one geographic location. Future research needs to expand data collection both geographically and longitudinally. Practical implications – The findings are valuable for the national health authorities in addressing policies on food package labelling, and homogenization efforts pertaining to regional/international labelling policies. These in turn could influence food marketing practices. Social implications – The findings are useful in crafting educational programming and guidelines for health and nutrition education. Originality/value – This research is the first to explore food labelling practices in multiple Southeast Asian countries and compare them cross-sectionally with EU and US practices.

scholarly journals The Role of Animated Characters in the Socialization of Children in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Dina Kabdullinovna Tanatova ◽  
Ivan Vladimirovich Korolev ◽  
Marina Vladimirovna Nevskaya ◽  
Liliya Rafaelevna Tairova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animated Films ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Smart Tv ◽  
Animated Characters

The studies of animated characters as a factor of socialization have virtually no theoretical or empirical interpretation in the Russian sociology. At the same time, cartoons have a huge potential for development and successful socialization of children. It is a well-known fact that animated films are widely used in pedagogy, psychology, and within the family circle. The public especially favors cartoons produced during the Soviet period, but gradually they become a thing of the past. This process is mainly due to the fact that visually and technologically they are inferior to modern cartoons and thus lose their appeal.As a result of the availability of the Internet and Smart TV, the number of young users watching videos and TV broadcasts has risen significantly. The leaders of ratings in terms of views and popularity are cartoons made in the USA, which reflect the values and characteristics of Western society.However, modern animated films boast a wide range of genres, plots, and characters created with the help of new technologies. Their pedagogical, cultural, and development potential is impressive, and their role in the socialization of children is still significant.   

Ecology and environmental protection: laws and realities in the USA, Russia and the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лазарь Брославский ◽  
Lazar Broslavskiy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
University Professors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa

The monograph is devoted to the comparative analysis of the current environmental legislation and the practice of its application in Russia, the USA and the European Union. The paper proposes a number of theoretical provisions and proposals for improving the legal protection of the environment in Russia. The book is intended for researchers, University professors, students, graduate students; politicians; employees of Federal, regional and municipal authorities and management, regulatory and law enforcement agencies, advocacy; specialists in industry, transport, construction, public services and other sectors of the economy; businessmen seeking to find new areas of business; as well as a wide range of readers interested in this problem and wishing to take an active part in the public environmental movement.

scholarly journals Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Brocato ◽  
Jay W. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Status

Hantaviruses, members of the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. The spectrum of disease associated with hantavirus infection include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. This review provides a summary of the status of vaccine and antiviral treatment efforts including those tested in animal models or human clinical trials.

scholarly journals Why flies? Inexpensive public engagement exercises to explain the value of basic biomedical research on Drosophila melanogaster

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan R. Pulver ◽  
Paola Cognigni ◽  
Barry Denholm ◽  
Caroline Fabre ◽  
Wendy X. W. Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Public Outreach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Teaching Modules

Invertebrate model organisms are powerful systems for uncovering conserved principles of animal biology. Despite widespread use in scientific communities, invertebrate research is often severely undervalued by laypeople. Here, we present a set of simple, inexpensive public outreach exercises aimed at explaining to the public why basic research on one particular invertebrate, the insect Drosophila melanogaster , is valuable. First, we designed seven teaching modules that highlight cutting-edge research in Drosophila genetics, metabolism, physiology, and behavior. We then implemented these exercises in a public outreach event that included both children and adults. Quantitative evaluation of participant feedback suggests that these exercises 1) teach principles of animal biology, 2) help laypeople better understand why researchers study fruit flies, and 3) are effective over a wide range of age groups. Overall, this work provides a blueprint for how to use Drosophila as a vehicle for increasing public awareness and appreciation of basic research on genetically tractable insects in particular and invertebrates in general.

scholarly journals Form and content of Jamaican cannabis edibles

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole M. Lindsay ◽  
Wendel D. Abel ◽  
Erica E. Jones-Edwards ◽  
Paul D. Brown ◽  
Khalia K. Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Box And Whisker Plot ◽  
Labeling Requirements

Abstract Background In 2017, the Jamaican government banned the sale of cannabis-infused edibles after reports of over-intoxication in adults and children. There is a general lack of public awareness regarding the risk involved with edible dosage. Vandrey et al. in 2015 reported that random cannabis edibles sampled from dispensaries in California and Washington in the USA failed to meet the basic labeling standards for pharmaceuticals (Vandrey et al.; JAMA 2015). This study aims to measure the levels of THC and CBD in a variety of edibles available locally in order to establish current cannabinoid content and to report on safety and packaging. This study is deemed necessary as no such study has been done to measure the potency levels of edibles and to raise awareness of the potential risk to children. Methods Forty-five cannabis-infused edible items were collected as convenience samples over a 4-year period (2014–2018) and analyzed. The QuEChERS technique (modified) was used to extract cannabinoids from each item. The extracts were then derivatized with MSTFA prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The descriptive statistics were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences—SPSS Software. Descriptive statistics presented include the mean, median, standard deviation, and range for each product category. The distribution of data with a box and whisker plot and frequency of THC to CBD ratios with a histogram was also presented. Results Edibles on the Jamaican market comprise baked goods, candies, frozen foods, and beverages. Eighty-six percent of samples were poorly labeled and failed to meet basic labeling requirements. None of the packages were observed to be child-proof. THC levels ranged from 0.01 to 99.9 mg per product while CBD levels ranged from 0.001 to 69.2 mg per product. The highest THC and CBD levels were detected in cookies and brownies. Thirty percent of the samples had THC levels greater than the recommended 10 mg THC per serving. Conclusion The lack of proper labeling and the wide range of THC levels in cannabis edibles raises public health concerns for all consumers including inexperienced persons who may be at a greater risk of overdosing. Concern must also be raised over the possibility that the attractive and tasty ways in which the drug is being presented might tempt young children and teens to take cannabis. Impact statement It is hoped that this information will raise public awareness of the current potential danger these edibles pose to children and inexperienced users and that policymakers will see the need for the imposition of suitable regulations.

scholarly journals PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT SYMPTOMS AND PREVENTION OF COVID-19 IN BENOWO, SURABAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Dwi Wahyu Indriati ◽  
Diyantoro Diyantoro ◽  
Anita Kurniati ◽  
Aliyah Siti Sundari ◽  
Rizka Oktarianti Ainun Jariah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
First Case ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Background: Since its first report, COVID-19 has remained a major threat worldwide. Various attempts were made to treat and prevent further transmission of COVID-19. In Indonesia, although the first case was reported nearly five months after the first case in Wuhan, the transmission was the fastest among Southeast Asian countries. Several efforts have been made to prevent further transmission. Objective: Our community services program aimed to assess the public understanding of COVID-19 symptoms and the application of SHE (Self and Environmental Health) as a form of COVID-19 prevention. Method: We conducted counseling using a door-to-door method to increase the understanding of SHE as a form of COVID-19 prevention and then at the end of the visit, a questionnaire was given to measure the understanding of symptoms and prevention COVID-19 transmission. Results: After conducted the door-to-door counselling in Kandangan district, it is known that the public understanding of the symptoms and ways of preventing COVID-19 is quite good. The method of prevention that is understood by the public includes using masks, diligently wash hands, and maintain social distance in gathering. However, there are still people who do not understand (31.13%) that increasing their immune system by consuming nutritious and balanced food and exercise can also be used to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Because a good immune system can prevent individuals from infection with pathogens such as COVID-19. Conclusion: The community has sufficient understanding of the symptoms and ways of preventing COVID-19 so that it is expected it can reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in Benowo District, Surabaya.

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