Effects of Mosquito coil smoke (D-Transallethrin) on parenchyma of testis of adult Wistar Albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Siddique ◽  
Masooma Ahmad ◽  
Maria Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Bahadur Baloch ◽  
Attya Zaheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The use of mosquito coils has increased exponentially, especially in the under developed countries. Many researches have been conducted over the past few years to advocate both the possible risks and potential benefits. These coils and the inhalation of their smoke have been proved to cause upper and lower airway tract infections. But still the possible side effects of inhalation of these coil smoke on other organ systems of the body were unclear. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups each containing eight rats. Group A was control group while group B was allowed to inhale mosquito coil smoke for four week. The experimental group was exposed to MCS for 8 hours / day. Histopathological analysis of testis was carried out. Results: Histopathological studies of rats exposed to MCS revealed changes in parenchyma of testis. Decrease in the height of germinal epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubules and increase in and vascular congestion was observed. Conclusion: The results of present study suggest that allethrin based mosquito coil smoke has harmful effects on testis

scholarly journals Role of Oats in Ameliorating Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by Acute Lead Nanoparticles in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Sarah Alashmouni ◽  
Afaf El- Atrash ◽  
Manar Kandeel ◽  
Ehab Tousson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Organ Systems

Aims: Lead is well known environmental pollutant, which can cause toxic effects in multiple organ systems. Lead originates from various industrial and/or household sources, and enters the body through food and fluid intakes, as well as by inhalation. No sufficient information present about the toxic effect of acute lead nanoparticles on kidney and liver. Accordingly, current study was performed to study the therapeutic effects of Oats extract towards the injection of lead nanoparticles (Pb NPs) in rat induced kidney and liver damage by increasing kidney and liver functions, and electrolytes. Study Design:  A total of 40 male adult albino rats were equally divided into four groups (Control group, Oats group, Pb NPs group as acute toxicity and last group is Pb NPs +Oats). Results: Current results revealed that; a significant increase in the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, potassium and chloride ions after injection with Pb NPs as compared to control group. In contrast; a significant decrease in serum albumin, total proteins, and sodium ions in Pb NPs as compared to control groups. Treatment of Pb NPs with Oats improved this change in liver and kidney functions as compared to Pb NPs group. Conclusion: These findings suggested that; lead nanoparticles injection induced hepatic and renal damage. This shows that the desired dose of Pb NPs can safely be used with Oats in improving hepatic and renal damage in toxic group in young rats.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide Prompts Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats’ Testicular Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A Halawa ◽  
Mohamed A El-Adl ◽  
Mohamed F Hamed ◽  
Ahmed Z Balboula ◽  
Mohammed A Elmetwally
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. LPS challenging allows switching transcription of proinflammatory cytokines on via over stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway with subsequent pathogenic inflammatory response. We investigated the possible reproductive toxicity of LPS in male Wister albino rats. Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status and caspase-3 activity were analyzed in testicular tissues of rats exposed to either saline or LPS (4 mg/kg BW, ip; 0.18 of the LD50). The samples were collected at 6 h and 72 h after injection of LPS. A significant reduction in testicular reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed at 72 h compared to control group. Total antioxidant capacity was decreased at 6 h with additional significant reduction at 72 h. Catalase activity was reduced significantly at both 6 and 72 h. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in LPS injected rats without variation between 6 and 72 h. A significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) was observed at 72 h after injection. A time-dependent increase in LPS-treated groups was observed in the concentration of caspase-3.Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes and necrosis of seminiferous tubules after 6 h with further accumulation of eosinophilic edematous transudate in its lumen after 72 h. In conclusion, by increasing time of exposure, LPS induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, reduced testicular antioxidant capacity and encouraged testicular apoptosis which could be possible mechanisms for impairment of testicular function.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effect of L-arginine and Insulin on Streptozotocin-induced Adrenal Gland Injury in Albino Rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Mahar ◽  
Alisha Qamar ◽  
lnayatullah ◽  
Sarwath Fatimee ◽  
Mohammad Fawad Saeeduddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Group B

Background:Use of dietary supplements to treat illnesses has increasedtremendously in recentyears.Adrenal gland is one ofthemost commonly damaged endocrine gland in the body, not only by chemical or radiation injuries, but also as a result of differenttypes of stress.Search is underway for use ofnatural foods for protection of adrenal gland from different types ofinsults.Objective: To determine the protective effects of L-arginine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced adrenal gland injury in albino rats,andto compare its efficacy to insulin.Material and Methods: This prospective experimental study was done at BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. Forty male, healthy albino rats,90-120 days old were segregated into 4 groups. Group A was marked as control, group B was administered STZ, group C and Dwere treated with STZ along with insulin and L-arginine respectively. At the end of study period, i.e., 6 weeks, animals weresacrificed under ether anaesthesia. Tissue from the left adrenal gland was processed for frozen sectioning to observe fat content ofthe adrenal cortex by applying OilRed O stain.Results: Oil Red-0 stained frozen sections revealed closely aggregated fat globules in adrenal cortex of STZ treated group B ascompared to control. Moderate betterment was seen in group C and in group D Oil Red O stained frozen sections as compared toSTZ treated group B.Conclusion: The results ofthe study demonstrated adrenal cortex injury by STZ which ameliorated with concomitant use of insulinandL-arginine. The protection was more pronounced with L-arginine as comparedto insulin.Keywords:STZ, adrenal gland,insulin,L-arginine

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole on Body Weight of female Albino Rat for Consecutive 1-4 Estrous Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2938-2941
Author(s):  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Hafiza Sadia Ahmad ◽  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Ursula Akif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in women with infertility has been practiced more than 40% years but in infertile patients this treatment plan proved to be ineffective with multiple complication. Body weight plays an important role modulating reproductive development and functioning. Aim: To observe the effects on body weight of female albino rat after use of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for consecutive 1-4 estrous cycles Method: Eighty four adult female Albino rats were equally divided into three groups for this research. Body weight of each rat was measured before and after the experiment. Vaginal smear cytology of each rat was performed to study different phases of estrous cycle. Control group A was given normal saline orally , In Experimental group B rats were given letrozole (Femara) at dose 5mg/kg orally and in Experimental group C rats were given clomiphene citrate at dose 100ug/kg orally. Results: Significant weight gain is observed in rats taking clomiphene citrate as compared to letrozole Conclusion : Comiphene citrate directly affects the body weight which indirectly reduces the ovulation induction and pregnancy rate. Letrozole is good alternate for ovulation induction and for CC resistant patients. Keywords: Estrous cycle, body weight, citrate and letrozole

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
D Debnath ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
Z Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Higher Doses

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250,    500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate  Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced  diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012  

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can protect malnourished children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Kara ◽  
B. Volkan ◽  
I. Erten
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Malnutrition affects virtually all organ systems, and malnourished children are more prone to infections. These children have dysbiosis, but probiotics can restore the disrupted gut microbiome. We investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in malnourished children in terms of incidence of infection, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters. 50 intervention and 50 control patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with body weight and height below -2 SD, were randomly and prospectively recruited. The controls received a calorie and protein-appropriate diet for 3 months, while the study group additionally received approximately 109 L. rhamnosus GG for 3 months. Infection episodes and nutritional status were compared between the groups. 38 intervention, 33 control patients completed the study and the two groups were similar at baseline. The study group had fewer upper respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis episodes at each month and at the end of the study. Children in the study group experienced fewer total upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections. Hospitalisation was more frequent in the control group during the third month and at the end of the study. Total infection numbers were higher in the control group at each month and at the end of the study (P<0.001 for each). Increments in body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-scores were more pronounced in the study group (P=0.008 and P=0.02, respectively). Daily prophylactic use of L. rhamnosus GG at 109 bacteria in malnourished children prevents most infections and improves nutritional status when used together with appropriate diet.

Effect of Clarias gariepinus cultured in contaminated water on rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 759-764
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi Adeyemi ◽  
Olalekan Adeyemi ◽  
Chris C Osubor
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Wistar Strain

In this study, African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were cultured in water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane (10 μg/mL), respectively, over a period of 65 days. They were, thereafter, used as protein source to formulate feed for albino rats (Wistar strain) for 28 days. The weights of the body and selected tissues of the rats were monitored and standard enzyme assays were conducted for some enzymes in the serum. Results showed that rats in cyclohexane group gained 58% whereas the control group gained 46% of body weight. Liver weight (absolute and relative) of test rats were found to be significantly lower than that of control (p < .05). Enzyme activity of serum of test rats was found to be significantly higher than that of control (p < .05). Experimental evidence suggests leakage of enzymes from the liver to the serum, thus the elevated serum enzyme activity and that the contaminants may damage the liver.

scholarly journals ERDOSTEINE: AN EFFECTIVE ANTIOXIDANT FOR PROTECTING COMPLETE FREUND’S ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
BANYLLA SYNMON ◽  
SANHATIDUTTA ROY ◽  
SUTAPA BISWAS MAJEE ◽  
MEGHNA PAUL ◽  
SANDIPAN DASGUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Erdosteine on complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rats. Methods: Wistar Albino rats of 100–250 g were divided into five groups (n=6) and administered with 0.1 ml of CFA subcutaneously into the left hind paw except the negative control group. The standard group received methotrexate (MTX) 0.075 mg/kg body weight orally. Besides, the test groups received Erdosteine orally at a dose 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg bodyweight for 12 days. The changes in body weight, paw volume, hematological parameters, radiographical, and histological findings were the indicators to evaluate the efficacy of the test product. Discussion: Significant change in the body weight, paw volume, radiographical, hematological, and histological parameters were observed which supports the remarkable reduction of the arthritic development in the standard and test groups compared to the untreated group. However, the test group (Erdosteine) with the dose 20 mg/kg shows to be more potent than the test group (Erdosteine) with a dose 10 mg/kg and the standard group (MTX) to reduce the arthritic effect. Results: The test group with 20 mg/kg Erdosteine showed much better outcome than the standard group at significant (p<0.05). Therefore, Erdosteine acting as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant is effective at a dose 20 mg/kg in treating the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in rats.

scholarly journals Testicular Morphological Changes Produced by Fluoroquinolones in Adult Male Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Iqbal ◽  
Saud Iqbal ◽  
Iram Atta
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this research work was to observe the testicular morphological changes produced by fluoroquinolones in the reproductive organs of adult male albino rats, and to see whether these changes are reversible after discontinuation of the drugs.Materials and Method:  Eighty adult male albino rats weighing 200 – 300 gms were randomly selected and divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C & D, having 20 animals in each group. A, B & C, were the experimental groups & D served as control group. All the groups were further divided into sub groups 1 & 2. Three fluoroquinolones i.e. Ciprofloxacin (135 mg / kg / day), Ofloxacin (75 mg / kg / day) & Enoxacin (12.5 mg / kg/ day) were given to the groups A, B & C respectively for 42 days. Animals of group D received dis-tilled water only. Animals of sub groups A1, B1, C1 &D1 were sacrificed on 42nd day and testicular tissue was obtained for morphological study. Animals of subgroups A2, B2, C2 & D2 were sacrificed on 84th day and testicular tissue for morphological changes was taken. No of leydig cells, height of epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubules were taken as experimental parameters for morphological changes.Results:  The study indicated statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in height of epithelium, diameter of seminiferous tubules and no. of leydig cells in experimental groups as compared to the control groups.Conclusion:  The changes observed in morphology could lead to decrease in sperm count and testosterone levels. This study suggests gonadotoxic potentials of fluoroquinolones and adds concern to the indiscriminate and widespread use of fluoroquinolones and recommends more rational use of these drugs.

scholarly journals The study of pulmonary function tests in patients with hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1774
Author(s):  
Sivaranjani H. ◽  
Chaitra K. R.
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Function Test

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common disease with a prevalence rate of 11% in India. It affects all organ systems in the body. Patients with hypothyroidism frequently have symptoms of fatigue and exercise intolerance. These symptoms could arise from a reduced pulmonary reserve, cardiac reserve or decreased muscle strength or increased muscle fatigue. This study aims to study the pulmonary function test in patients with hypothyroidism.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 100 patients divided into 2 groups (a) newly detected hypothyroids (b) normal control group. Cases were matched with controls in having similar environment exposure and age group. All patients had routine symptom and clinical assessment. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood picture, pulmonary function test, chest x ray and thyroid function test were done. Data was entered and analysed.Results: In this study conducted on 100 patients, case group had symptoms of easy fatiguability (36%), breathlessness (20%), menstrual abnormality (20%), weight gain (7%) and generalised body aches (5%). Mean FEV1 levels between cases and controls were 1.34 and 1.72 (p value 0.00), mean FVC were 1.88 and 2.09 (p value 0.114), FEV1/FVC ratio of 70.56, 81.98 respectively (p value 0.00). The distribution of PFT pattern was 32% obstructive, 28% mixed pattern and 22% restrictive pattern.Conclusions: This study shows that hypothyroidism causes significant decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, thereby suggesting obstructive patterns of lung involvement .Therefore PFT can be used routinely as a screening test for all hypothyroid patients to detect early respiratory dysfunction and thereby optimise treatment especially in obese patients and patients with pre-existing lung disease as hypothyroidism adds to their respiratory dysfunction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document