scholarly journals The Determinant Factors of Stunting Among Children in Urban Slums Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Titih Huriah ◽  
Putri Handayani ◽  
Tiwi Sudyasih ◽  
Bambang Edi Susyanto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, health indicators in urban areas are better than in rural areas. It is related to the health services’ accessibility. However, in some regions, the stunting rate among children under five in urban areas is higher than in rural areas, including in Yogyakarta. AIM: The research purpose was to analyze the determinant factor influencing the stunting incidence in children under five in urban slums areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design employed a case control with a sample of mother and 29 children under five as a case group and 42 children under five as a control group in Yogyakarta District during the December–January 2020 period. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6–59 months living in the urban slum area, while the exclusion criteria were children who had physical and mental disabilities, suffering from illness or were hospitalized, and had congenital diseases. The data collection was conducted by questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis used central tendency, Chi-square, and logistic regression. RESULTS: The results showed that the majority of children were girls in the case group and boys in the control group with a history of non-exclusive breastfeeding. Most respondents have mothers with low levels of education and work as housewives. The results of the correlation test showed that of the seven variables studied as a risk factor, there are two factors which were birth weight and mother occupation which were related with stunting in children under five with p = 0.041 and 0.047, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that birth weight (AOR = 3.49) and mother’s occupation (AOR = 0.25) are the determinant cause of stunting in children under 5 years of age in urban slums areas. The pregnant women’s health promotion needs to be improved because it will affect birth weight, a risk factor for stunting in children under five.

scholarly journals LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IS A RISK FACTOR OF MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD IN COASTAL AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Juminten Saimin ◽  
Ahmad Fahmi Nugraha ◽  
Asmarani Asmarani ◽  
Ashaeryanto Ashaeryanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

Background: Malnutrition is a public health problem, especially in developing countries. Malnutrition of children can affect brain development during growth and increase morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight (LBW) plays an important role in child morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of malnutrition in children under five years old and LBW in Indonesia are still high.Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk of LBW on the incidence of malnutrition in children under five years old in coastal areas.Method: This was an observational analytic study with case control approach. The study was conducted on 64 respondents in the coastal area of Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi on November to December 2018. Case group (n=16) was children under five years old who experienced malnutrition in the working area of Abeli, Mata and Benu-Benua Health Center in October 2018. Control group (n=48) was taken by measuring body weight and then adjusted to the category and threshold of nutritional status based on the body weight index according to age. Sixteen respondents of case group were recruited using total sampling. Forty-eight respondents of control group were also recruited using purposive sampling with non-matching method according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Odd Ratio (OR) statistical test was used with a 2x2 contingency table and a 95% confidence level with a significance level of α = 0.05.Results: The majority of respondents were 25-48 months old, and maternal age was mostly 36-45 years old in the case group (37.5%) and 26-35 years old in the control group (50.0%). The majority of maternal education level was junior high school in the case group (43.7%) and high school in the control group (47.9%). The statistical test results were obtained OR = 5.923 (CI=95%) with Lower Limit (1.724) and Upper Limit (20.346).  Conclusion: Infants with LBW had a 5 times higher risk for experiencing malnutrition in childhood in coastal areas. Therefore, knowledge of LBW and malnutrition is needed to improve public health status.

scholarly journals Early Stunting Detection Education as an Effort to Increase Mother's Knowledge about Stunting Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Gadis Meinar Sari
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
National Team ◽  
Under Five

Stunting is one of the main nutritional problems that is still common in children under five and has serious health impacts. The results of National Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 showed the prevalence of stunting at 30.8%, indicating that 1 out of 3 Indonesian children are still stunted. Probolinggo Regency is a priority area for stunting handling in 2019 with a prevalence of 50.2% according to a report from the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K). One of the factors that directly affect the incidence of stunting is low birth weight (LBW), while the mothers' knowledge level of health is an indirect factor that affects the growth conditions of children under five. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of providing stunting early detection education on maternal knowledge regarding stunting prevention. This is a pre experimental research study with one group pre-post test design, children aged 0-24 months as the research subjects. The case group consisted of stunted children (BL/A <-2 SD Z-score), while the control group consisted of normal children according to the BL/U indicator. The number of research subjects for the case and control groups was 40 with mothers of the toddlers as research respondents. The samples were selected using total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using dependent T test and linear regression. The results suggested that at the beginning of the session before provided education about early detection of stunting, mothers with stunting toddlers had lower level of knowledge (73.3%) than those with normal toddlers (77%). After provided with education, the knowledge level of mothers with stunted toddlers appreared to be higher (89%) than those with normal children (87.6%), with significant increase in each group (P <0.05). It can be concluded that education on stunting detection can significantly improve mothers' knowledge regarding the prevention of stunting in children aged 0-24 months. Providing regular education, both by nutrition workers at the health center and integrated service post (posyandu) cadres, is necessary as an effort to prevent stunting to the maximum.

Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah dengan Kejadian Pneumonia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatibarang Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Kholilah Samosir ◽  
Eustasia Eustasia
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Pneumonia is one of the largest contributors to health problems and causes of death of children under five years old. Jatibarang health centre is one of the health centers in the Indramayu regency with the incidence of pneumonia at most each year. According to data from the clinic there were 907 cases of pneumonia in infants aged 1-4 years. Data in 2013 as many as 737 cases. The study aims to analyze the relationship between physical environmental factors and family practice with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years old in Puskesmas Jatibarang Indramayu regency. This study is a retrospective case-control study method. As the case group and the control group 71 respondents. Analysis of data using univariate, bivariate, and mulivariate analyzes. The results were obtained from 11 variables examined, the variables associated with the incidence of pneumonia is the lighting in the room (p = 0.030 OR 6.080 95% CI 1.193 - 30.978), the lighting in the family room (p = 0.030 OR 10.669 95% CI 1.254 - 90.728) and open the window every day (p = 0.016 OR 2.709 95% CI 1.200 - 6.116). It can be concluded there is a relationship between the lighting in the room, the lighting in the living room with the incidence of pneumonia.   Keywords : Pneumonia, children under five years old, physical environment factor, Indramayu

Malnutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Among Under Five Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mishra ◽  
J. Parajuli ◽  
N. Acharya ◽  
V Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide. Malnutrition increases the incidence and severity of ALRI and similarly it contributes to malnutrition. By identifying and treating the cases of malnutrition will decrease disease burden.  Objective: To identify malnutrition as a risk factor of lower respiratory tract infection among children of under five years.Methods and Materials: A case control study was conducted at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Nepal from June 2014 to November 2014. All diagnosed case of ALRI as per WHO were selected for case group. The controls were healthy children presented in OPD, pediatric ward and immunization clinic. The predesigned case performa with check list was the tool to identifying risk factor of ALRI. All data were entered in SPSS version 19. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used for analysis of data with level of significance at p value <0.05.Results: 107 cases and 107 controls were enrolled with age and sex matched. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1 vs 1.8:1 and the proportion of infants, 70.1% vs 68.3% in cases and controls respectively. Moderate wasting was present on 36.4% (39) of case group and 16.8% (18) of control group and It was significantly associated with ALRI (p=0.003). 10.3% (11) of case group children were moderately stunted while 6.5% (7) of control group. It was not statistical associated with ALRI (p=0.325).Conclusions: Wasted children were more prone to suffer from ALRI as compare to stunted children. As it is modifiable risk factor, we should focus on effective community education and public health measures to prevent malnutrition.JNGMC Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2014. Page : 2-5  

scholarly journals MATERNAL HYPERTENSION AS A RISK FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Seixas da Cruz ◽  
Isaac Suzart ◽  
Johelle De Santana Passos-Soares ◽  
Luise Maria Souza ◽  
Ana Claudia Morais Godoy Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maternal Hypertension

Objective: to investigate the association between maternal hypertension and low birth weight, in a public hospital in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 317 individuals, such that the case group was composed of 87 mothers of children born with a weight of less than 2500 g and/or gestational age less than 37 weeks, and the control group was composed of 230 mothers of newborns of weight greater than or equal to 2500 g and gestational age greater than or equal to 37 weeks. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to the data gathered. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference in maternal age between the study groups. The use of medications and number of prenatal consultations were also shown to be associated with low birth weight. After appropriate adjustments, the association between maternal hypertension and low birth weight was demonstrated to be strong and statistically significant (OR = 3.84; 95% CI: 1.92 – 7.68). Conclusions: The findings indicate that maternal hypertension is a possible risk factor for low birth weight.

scholarly journals Prediction Model and Scoring System in Prevention and Control of Stunting Problems in Under Five-Year-Olds in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170
Author(s):  
Demsa Simbolon ◽  
Desri Suryani ◽  
Epti Yorita
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

Prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is a cause for concern. We used IFLS 2007 as secondary data in the cross-sectional study to develop a problem-solving and prevention model of stunting. The study was conducted in 2016 to predict a model from the characteristics, parents, and health care of the child. We recruited 3589 children under-five years from IFLS 2007 data as samples. The inclusion criteria are 1-5 years old children from 15-49 years old pregnant women, living with biological parents, available data of birth weight and gestational age, and do not have chronic disease. We used multiple logistic regression for modeling, and Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) Curve as a diagnostic test. We found that 39.5% of children under-five have stunting. Stunting protective factors are: prevention of LBW (Low Birth Weight) in infant, limitation of number of children by three, improved parenting for the boys, prevention of young-age pregnancy and stunting in the female adolescent. Other factors are completing immunization, improving maternal education and the health services of under-five children in rural areas, and improving Fe consumption for pregnant mothers. The model was able to prevent and delay the stunting in toddler by 64%, with 61.9% sensitivity and 60.9% specificity, and AUROC 65.5%. It is necessary to counsel the pregnant women with a low height and young-age pregnancy as a high risk, as well as management of the infant with LBW to prevent stunting.

scholarly journals Regional Heterogeneity of Malaria Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Among Children Under Five In Togo: Evidence From National Malaria Indicators Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gountante Kombate ◽  
Wakpaouyare Gmakouba ◽  
Susana Scott ◽  
Komi Ameko Azianu ◽  
Didier Koumavi Ekouevi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Malaria remains one of the main causes of morbidity and death among children less than 5. In Togo, despite intensification of malaria control interventions, persistence in malaria prevalence was observed and appears to vary from one region to another within the country. The aim of this study is to explore further regional heterogeneities in malaria prevalence and to determine associated risk factors.Methods: Data from the cross-sectional survey of the nationally representative 2017 Togo malaria indicator survey was used. Children aged 6–59 months in the selected households were tested for malaria using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the microscopy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were preformed using Generalized Linear Models.Results: A total of 3271 children under five (2441 in rural areas and 830 in urban areas was enrolled. Overall 26% of children tested positive for malaria, as confirmed by microscopy, ranging from 5.3% in the Lomé Commune region to 43.6% in the Plateaux region. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with malaria prevalence were living in the Plateaux region (aOR=4.24, 95%CI [2.38-7.65]), and the Maritime region (aOR=2.02, 95%CI [1.13-3.66], compared to Lomé Commune region); age 24 to 35 months (aOR=1.46, 95%CI [1.13-1.88) and age 36 to 59 months (aOR=2.5, 95%CI [2.04-3.09]) ], Compared to those age 6-23 months; households within the richest wealth quintile (a.OR=0.22, 95%CI [0.11-0.41], compared to poorest) and residence in rural areas (aOR=2.02, 95%CI [1.32-3.13], compared to resident in urban). Conclusion: Interventions that targeted use of combined prevention measures, adapted to older children living in rural areas and particularly in the regions of high malaria prevalence, could result in better malaria control in Togo.

scholarly journals Disparitas Balita Kurang Gizi di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Sri Poedji Hastoety ◽  
Nunik Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
Sihadi Sihadi ◽  
Kencana Sari ◽  
Dwi Siska Kumala Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
The Family

AbstractMalnutrition has a role not only to increase morbidity and mortality, but also to psychosocial aspects and intellectual development. Three criteria for malnutrition are: underweight, stunting and wasting, reflecting both past and present growth failures. Growth failure in children under five that occur simultaneously is strongly influenced by the socio-economic conditions of the family. This analysis discusses how disparities in malnourished children in Indonesia are seen from the socioeconomic dimensions of the household. The analysis was done by using Riskesdas 2013 data that was processed by using the HEAT (Health Equity Assessment Toolkit) program issued by WHO 2016. From the analysis, the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting simultaneously CIAF (Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure) was 2.5%. The lower the economy the higher the prevalence of underfive children experiencing CIAF, under-fives with CIAF mostly live in rural areas compared to CIAF children under five living in urban areas. There are still 15 provinces that have a CIAF prevalence higher than the national figure. CIAF toddlers are more prevalent in mothers with lower level education compared to mothers who have a fairly good level of education. CIAF toddlers occur more common at age over 36 months from the age under 36 months. The provincial dimension gives the highest disparity compared to other dimensions. Abstrak Kurang gizi mempunyai peran tidak hanya terhadap bertambahnya angka kesakitan dan kematian, tetapi juga terganggunya aspek psikososial dan perkembangan intelektual. Tiga kriteria kurang gizi yaitu underweight (berat kurang), stunting (pendek), dan wasting (kurus), mencerminkan kegagalan pertumbuhan baik di masa lalu maupun dimasa kini. Kegagalan pertumbuhan pada balita yang terjadi bersamaan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga. Analisis ini membahas bagaimana disparitas pada anak kurang gizi di Indonesia dilihat dari dimensi sosial ekonomi rumah tangga. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 yang diolah dengan menggunakan program Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) yang dikeluarkan oleh WHO 2016. Dari analisis yang dilakukan prevalensi balita yang mengalami underweight, stunting, dan wasting secara bersamaan Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) (sebesar 2,5%. Semakin rendah status ekonomi rumah tangga semakin tinggi prevalensi balita mengalami CIAF. Balita dengan CIAF lebih banyak tinggal di perdesaan dibandingkan dengan balita CIAF yang tinggal di perkotaan. Masih ada 15 provinsi yang memiliki prevalensi balita CIAF lebih tinggi dari angka nasional. Balita CIAF lebih banyak terjadi pada ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah dibandingkan dengan ibu yang mempunyai tingkat pendidikan cukup baik. Balita CIAF lebih banyak terjadi pada usia diatas 36 bulan dari pada usia dibawah 36 bulan. Dimensi provinsi memberikan perbedaan disparitas yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan dimensi lainnya.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES OF TODDLER OBESITY BASED ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING HISTORY IN TEGALREJO HEALTH CENTER, YOGYAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Suci Musvita Ayu ◽  
Arini Mayang Fa'uni
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
History Of

Background: Obesity is a global problem and continues to affect low and middle-income countries, mainly urban areas. In Indonesia, the obesity rate of children was 11.5% and was ranked 21st in the world by 2016. Even according to WHO, the number of obese children will continue to increase every year. Several studies have shown that a history of exclusive breastfeeding can reduce the risk of obesity in toddlers. This study aimed to determine the differences in the obesity status of children under five based on a history of exclusive breastfeeding in the Tegalrejo Health Center, Yogyakarta City.Methods: This research employed an analytical observational study with a case-control design. The research sample consisted of 34 toddlers aged 6-24 months, calculated using the difference of two proportions: 17 cases of obese children under five and 17 controls under five who were not obese. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. A Chi-square test was used to analyse the data.Results: There were children under five without exclusive breastfeeding in the group of as many as 41.7% and 29.4% in the control group. 52,9% of children in the case group had exclusive breastfeeding, and 70% in the control group. The bivariate analysis showed no difference in the obesity status of children under five based on a history of exclusive breastfeeding with a value of p = 0.480 and OR = 2.133 (95% CI = 0.519-8.751).Conclusions: There was no difference in the obesity status of children under five based on a history of exclusive breastfeeding, but children without a history of exclusive breastfeeding were 2.133 times more likely to have obesity than children with exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di Wilayah Pedesaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti ◽  
Tias Tri Nurbaiti ◽  
Arrum Firda Ayu Maqfiroch
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Type Ii

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that remains a significant health concern in Indonesia. The disease is more prevalent in urban areas due to lifestyles, socioeconomics level and lack of physical activity. Currently, DM has begun occured also in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with Type II DM incidence in rural areas.Method: This is analytical study with a case-control design, located in Community Health Centre 1, Wangon, Banyumas Regency. There are 65 people in case group and 65 people in control group involved in this study. Variables included personal characteristics, dietary habit, physical activity and exposure to cigarette smoke. Data was obtained by structured questionnaire and analyze using univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression test).Results: The results showed that the dietary habit (OR = 11,824; 95% CI = 4,988-28,032) and physical activity (OR = 2,608; 95% CI = 1,116–6,095) had influenced on the incidence of DM type II. Whilst the exposure of cigarette smoking did not influenced the incidence of DM type II. It is suggested that consume foods with balanced nutrition and doing physical activities should be conducted routinely in accordance with WHO recommendations.

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