scholarly journals A probiotic and mixed-enzymes combination reduces the inflammatory response, faecal shedding and systemic spread of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
K. Gibbs ◽  
L. Lacharme-Lora ◽  
Y. Dersjant-Li ◽  
C. Evans ◽  
P. Wigley
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Systemic Spread

Recent research has questioned the notion that Campylobacter jejuni is a harmless resident of the avian gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The following trial examined the effect of dietary supplementation with a mixture of enzymes and Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, C. jejuni colonisation, GIT immune responses, faecal shedding and extra-intestinal spread in broilers. Fifty-eight, Ross 308 d-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, giving 14 or 15 birds/pen. Birds were given nutritionally complete, complex, phased diets unsupplemented (two treatments) or supplemented (two treatments) with a multi-enzyme containing 2,000 U/kg xylanase, 200 U/kg amylase and 4,000 U/kg protease, and 75,000 cfu/g of a combination of three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. One control and one supplemented diet group contained birds orally challenged with 105 cfu C. jejuni strain M1 on d 21 of age. Among challenged birds, the mixed-enzymes and probiotic combination numerically reduced faecal C. jejuni shedding (-98% vs challenged control) three days-post-infection (d.p.i.), and at 7 d.p.i. numerically reduced C. jejuni colonisation of the ileal mucosa (-1000-fold vs control) and totally inhibited systemic spread of C. jejuni to the liver, compared to the control (P<0.05). It suppressed early pro-inflammatory chemokine response seen in the ileum, caecum and caecal tonsil tissues (at 3 d.p.i.) in challenged control birds (-18 to -46-fold; P<0.05) and altered expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-17F) and regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines. The data demonstrated inhibition of a sustained pro-inflammatory response to C. jejuni infection and improved intestinal barrier integrity in supplemented birds. This highlighted the importance of looking beyond simple measurements of feed conversion and body weight gain when seeking to understand the effects and mode of action of poultry dietary interventions. Achieving a favourable balance between the gut, immune function, microbiome and nutrition should be the goal for achieving good gastrointestinal health and optimal performance.

scholarly journals The effect of white lupine on the performance, health, carcass characteristics and meat quality of market pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zraly ◽  
B. Pisarikova ◽  
M. Trckova ◽  
I. Herzig ◽  
M. Juzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Sensory Parameters

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of diets for market pigs with 20% inclusion of lupine seeds, cv. Amiga, on the performance, health status, carcass characteristics, fatty acids (FA) profile of meat lipids and nutritional and sensory parameters of meat. Another purpose was to increase the nutritional value of a cereal-lupine diet (E1) by supplementation with lysine, methionine, threonine (E2) or fat (E3) and to perform a comparison with control diets containing animal protein (C1) or soy (C2). The experiments were performed on 50 pigs (50% males, 50% females) with initial body weights of 35.6 &plusmn; 2.2 kg, fed isonitrogenic and isoenergetic diets partly <i>ad libitum</i> for 90 days. Feed intake was not adversely affected by lupine inclusion. The daily body weight gain (BWG) was significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in group E3 in comparison with the cereal-lupine diet group (E1) and the other groups by 12.6 to 15.9% during the initial 30 days of experiment. The highest BWG (0.88 &plusmn; 0.07 kg/kg) during the entire experimental period was obtained with the fat containing diet (E3); that was non-significantly higher by 2.3 to 10.0% in comparison with the other diets. The feed conversion rate was reduced in groups E3 and E2 (2.55 and 2.58 kg/kg BWG) by 3.1 to 7.6% in comparison with groups C1, C2 and E1. No adverse effect of the lupine containing diet was observed on the carcass characteristics or the nutritional quality of the meat. Optimum content of linolenic acid in lupine seeds had a favourable effect on n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FA ratio in meat lipids of group E3 in comparison with groups C1 and E1 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). By sensory meat analysis, significantly better characteristics were found for texture, juiciness (<i>P</i> < 0.01, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and taste in E3 in comparison with groups C1, C2 and E1. The obtained results indicate that animal and soy protein may be replaced with lupine, tested in the present study, in case a diet is supplemented with amino acids and fat.

scholarly journals Dietary l-arginine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1394-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhuang Tan ◽  
Shasha Liu ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
Todd J. Applegate ◽  
Susan D. Eicher
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

In the present study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary l-arginine (Arg) supplementation on the inflammatory response and innate immunity of broiler chickens. Expt 1 was designed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (n 8 cages/treatment; n 6 birds/cage) with three dietary Arg concentrations (1·05, 1·42 and 1·90 %) and two immune treatments (injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline) given at an interval of 48 h between 14 and 21 d of age. In Expt 2, correlation between dietary Arg concentration (0·99, 1·39, 1·76, 2·13 or 2·53 %) and percentage of circulating B cells (percentage of circulating lymphocytes) was determined. In Expt 1, LPS injection decreased body-weight gain and feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio of the challenged broilers (14–21 d; P< 0·05). LPS injection suppressed (P< 0·05) the percentages of splenic CD11+ and B cells (percentages of splenic lymphocytes) and phagocytic activity of splenic heterophils and macrophages; Arg supplementation linearly decreased the percentages of CD11+, CD14+ and B cells in the spleen (P< 0·10). LPS injection increased (P< 0·05) the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in the spleen and caecal tonsils. Arginine supplementation decreased (P< 0·05) the expression of IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and PPAR-γ mRNA in the spleen and IL-1β, IL-10, TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA in the caecal tonsils. In Expt 2, increasing dietary Arg concentrations linearly and quadratically reduced the percentage of circulating B cells (P< 0·01). Collectively, Arg supplementation attenuated the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines probably through the suppression of the TLR4 pathway and CD14+ cell percentage. Furthermore, excessive Arg supplementation (1·76 %) suppressed the percentages of circulating and splenic B cells.

scholarly journals Physiological Panel of Some Feed Additives for Turkey Toms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Sohair Y. Saleh ◽  
N. S. El-Toukhy ◽  
H. I. Abass ◽  
S. I. El-Samannoudy ◽  
M. A. Tony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group B

A tolerance test was conducted with total 48 male turkeys (strain, Big 6, of three months old) over a period of 70 days, to find the effect of basil and thyme (medicinal plants) and some enzymes (kemzyme and zymogen) as feed additives on turkey toms’ performances. Forty-eight male turkeys (3 months old) were randomly divided into eight groups (6 toms/each). The control group (C) was fed a basal diet without feed supplementation. Group (B) was supplemented with basil (3 g basil/kg diet) group (T) was fed thyme (2 g thyme/kg diet), group (TB) was fed a mixture of basil and thyme (3 g basil + 2 g thyme kg diet), group (Z) was fed zymogen (1 ml/4 liter water); and group (K) was supplemented with kemzyme (0.5 g/kg diet), group (BTK) was fed a mixture of basil, thyme and kemzyme, the last group was fed with diet supplemented with basil, thyme and zymogen. Body weight gain, feed conversion ratio was measured at the end of 10th week of experiment. Blood samples were taken to measure some biochemical parameters, at the same time some tissues for morphological and molecular studies were prepared. Toms fed with either basil, thyme or kemzyme (BT) had significantly (p < 0.05) heaviest body gain than the control, (Z) or (BTZ). Significant increase occurred of the dressing percent (DP%) in group (B) and (BT) compared to the groups (T, Z, BTK and BTZ).Supplementation with (K) significantly decreases the serum total lipids than the (C) group and all supplemented groups at P < 0.05. Serum cholesterol levels of the groups (T), (BT) and (Z) recorded a significant increase than those of groups (C), (K), (BTK) and (BTZ). Meanwhile; triglyceride levels revealed significant decrease in control group at (p < 0.05) than all other groups. All experimental groups recorded no differences in both serum protein and albumin. Although there were an increased levels of serum AST of groups (T) and (Z) compared to control and other groups, meanwhile; (T) and (Z) groups revealed the lowest level of serum ALT.Concerning the antioxidant parameters, results reviewed that (T), (BT), (BTK) and (BTZ) had a higher level of MDA activity than the (B), (K) and (Z) supplemented groups illustrate no difference versus the serum (MDA) activity of the (C) group. Serum SOD activity revealed no differences within all groups. Serum TAC recorded significant increase in all supplemented groups compared to their level in control group.Studies of intestinal integrity; morphometry studies indicated that the villous height increased in groups (T), (Z) and (BTK) with a higher villous to crypt ratio and goblet cell numbers of group supplemented with (BTK). Moreover, the villous width revealed a significant increase in the (C) and (Z) groups. The measurement of total DNA of duodenal tissues which reflect the cell mitosis was higher in (T), (Z) and (BTK), (BTZ) at P < 0.05; the recorded results of DNA/protein of the same segment of the duodenal tissues revealed higher ratio (higher ribosomal activity) of (T), (Z), and (BTK) groups. Cell size of the duodenal tissues as indicated by (protein/DNA) was increased by (K) and decrease by (T) and (Z) supplementation at P < 0.05.

THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Yosi Fenita
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.)  no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion.  In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

scholarly journals Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Aflatoxin B1 Hepatoxicity by Dietary Hedyotis diffusa Is Associated with Activation of NRF2/ARE Signaling in Chicks

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Jiang Deng ◽  
Zi-Jian Xu ◽  
Wan-Po Zhang ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Hedyotis Diffusa

The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa (HD) in mediating the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatic injury in chicks. A total of 144 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage). After three days of acclimation, the broilers were fed either a control diet (Control), Control plus 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1, or Control plus 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 with 500 or 1000 mg/kg HD for two weeks. Both serum and liver were collected at the end of the feeding trial for biochemistry, histology, and NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling analysis. Compared with Control, the AFB1 treatment caused liver injury and decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and serum albumin and total protein by 6.2–20.7%. AFB1 also induced swelling, necrosis, and severe vacuolar degeneration in chicks’ livers. Notably, HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg mitigated (p < 0.05) the alterations induced by AFB1. HD supplementation alleviated (p < 0.05) AFB1-induced impairment in hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, protein carbonyl, and exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO)–DNA concentrations by 57.7–100% and increased (p < 0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 23.1–40.9% more than those of AFB1 treatment alone. Furthermore, HD supplementation at the two doses upregulated (p < 0.05) NRF2, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione-S transferase A2 and A3 in livers relative to the AFB1 group by 0.99–3.4-fold. Overall, dietary supplementation of HD at a high dose displayed better protection effects against aflatoxicosis. In conclusion, a dietary HD supplementation at 500 and 1000 mg/kg protected broilers from AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity, potentially due to the activation of NRF2/ARE signaling in the chicks.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Gulizia ◽  
Kevin M. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Sarayu Bhogoju ◽  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Thyneice Taylor-Bowden ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Halloysite Supplementation on the Performance of Broiler Chickens and Broiler House Environmental Parameters

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2040
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽  
Marcin Wojciech Lis ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Broiler House

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing broiler chickens’ diets with halloysite on daily body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily water consumption (DWC), and some broiler house hygiene parameters. The trial was conducted on 18,000 broiler chickens divided into two groups throughout the 42-day (D) rearing period. The birds were fed complete diets without (group C) or with halloysite addition (1%, group E) from D8 of rearing. No difference in the mortality rate was observed between groups C and E. Birds from group E had a tendency (0.05 < p < 0.10) towards a higher body weight at D32 and D42, a higher BWG, and a lower FCR compared to group C during the entire rearing period. Average DWC differed only in the finisher period, with a tendency towards lower overall DWC in group E. The concentration of ammonia in the air from D21 to D35 was increased more than 5-fold in group C but only 1.5-fold in group E. In conclusion, the use of halloysite as a feed additive in the diet of broiler chickens resulted in a reduction in feed consumption per unit of BWG and higher utilisation of crude protein, which led to improved environmental conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document