Contemporary Rural Settlements

2020 ◽  
pp. 318-334
Author(s):  
Dženana Bijedić ◽  
Rada Čahtarević ◽  
Denis Zvizdić ◽  
Adna Proho
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Planning And Construction

Throughout history, built environment developed intuitively on empirical experience led by trial and error. Such approach provided resilience and evolvement of patterns that guided spatial organization. Newer interventions in the rural environment resulted in disconnected spatial fragments. By comparing vernacular and contemporary planning and construction practice in the natural park Blidinje, the authors tried to identify the reason for which contemporary interventions resulted in new patterns in spatial planning, ones completely unfamiliar for this geographical area. They identified the reason in the fact that men started to treat the natural space as a commodity, forcing stakeholders to be led primarily by economic principles. Such principles are rigid and linear, instead of contextual in this matter. At the same time, the environmentally sound approach should respect complexity of whole endeavor aiming to achieve diversity and variability. The models developed based on complexity theory and self-organization should preserve continuity and integrity of the place and man.

Spatial organization of rural territories

2021 ◽  
pp. 751-756
Author(s):  
Sevostyanov A.V. Sevostyanov A.V. ◽  
V.A. Sevostyanov ◽  
A.P. Spiridonova
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Complex Development

This article covers the issues raised by the objectives of the "The Program for complex development of rural territories" and its subprogram "Providing rural population with affordable and comfortable housing". The authors substantiate the concept "rural agglomeration" and make the suggestions on how to choose rural settlements and land plots suitable for large-scale development of low-density residential areas.

scholarly journals Types of changes of population development of settlements in South Banat (Serbia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-120
Author(s):  
Danica Djurkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Selective Transformation ◽  
Socioeconomic Transformation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Relative Change

The existing spatial organization and current demographic situation of settlements in South Banat are the result of the synchronized processes of industrialization, urbanization and deagrarization, which determined the selective transformation of urban and rural areas. The processes mentioned above led to the concentration of population in urban and suburban zones, municipal centers and functionally most developed rural settlements, but also to depopulation of their rural hinterland. The paper discusses changes in the spatial-demographic settlement organization and examines the socioeconomic conditions of settlements transformation. Changes in the population development of settlements were considered based on the analysis of the net relative change in the number of inhabitants in urban and rural settlements, for period from 1961 to 2011. In this way, four main types of settlements were determined: progressive, stagnant, regressive and dominantly regressive type. In order to show the correlation between demographic changes and socioeconomic transformation of settlements, the method of successive (alternating) coefficients was applied. By comparative analysis of these quantitative and qualitative indicators (types), with the application of geographical and historical-genetic methods, a clearer view of changes in the population development of settlements was made, which was the goal of the research.

scholarly journals Mapping Urban Resilience for Spatial Planning—A First Attempt to Measure the Vulnerability of the System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Brunetta ◽  
Stefano Salata
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Planning Decision

The concept of ‘resilience’ breaks down silos by providing a ‘conceptual umbrella’ under which different disciplines come together to tackle complex problems with more holistic interventions. Acknowledging the complexity of Davoudi’s approach (2012) means to recognize that ‘spatial resilience’ is influenced by many phenomena that are difficult to measure: the adaptation and transformation of a co-evolutive system. This paper introduces a pioneering approach that is propaedeutic to the spatial measure of urban resilience assuming that it is possible to define a system as being intrinsically vulnerable to stress and shocks and minimally resilient, as described by Folke in 2006. In this sense, vulnerability is counterpoised to resilience, even if they act simultaneously: the first includes the exposure to a specific hazard, whereas the second emerges from the characteristics of a complex socio-ecological and technical system. Here we present a Geographic Information System-based vulnerability matrix performed in ESRI ArcGIS 10.6 environment as an output of the spatial interaction between sensitivities, shocks, and linear pressures of the urban system. The vulnerability is the first step of measuring the resilience of the system by a semi-quantitative approach. The spatial interaction of these measures is useful to define the interventions essential to designing and building the adaptation of the built environment by planning governance. Results demonstrate how mapping resilience aids the spatial planning decision-making processes, indicating where and what interventions are necessary to adapt and transform the system.

scholarly journals Study on the Wind Environment of the Architecture Communities: Traditional Typical Min Nan Human Settlements’ Case

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuan Miao ◽  
Shang-Chia Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Road ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Road Width ◽  
Planning And Construction

In contrast to the modern urban planning, which can be done in short period in terms of the spatial qualified design, the traditional tribe needs longer period in terms of the villagers’ sense of community. The selection of location, planning, and construction reveals the wisdom of the former people’s use of the resourceful life experience. First, the paper employs PHOENICS to simulate the wind environments of two most representative patterns of rural settlements in the southern area of Southern Fujian, China. This was made to compare the different conditions caused by settlements of various architectural groups. Second, the engineering and construction aspects of settlements—such as the width of roads and building structures—will be further analyzed and examined as case study in attempt to discover the favorable environmental factors for generating winds as well as the construction dimension of the settlement, such as the road width and the architectural design. Finally, the paper tends to conclude with an energy conservation strategy applied to the construction of modern communities which has low density and small group buildings.

Research on and Inheriting the Cultural Identity of the Rural Settlement in Northern Part of Shaanxi Province

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3465-3468
Author(s):  
Hao Zhong Yang ◽  
Han Yi ◽  
Shao Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
General Character ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Traditional Architecture

This paper, taking the example of the rural settlement in north Shaanxi province, explores the effective approaches to preserving the traditional architecture and its culture and concentrates on study and protection of the cultural characteristics of the built environment. The paper serves to emphasize the investigation into the cultural identity of the physical and mental environment closely related to everyday life in a built environment, specialty and uncertainty of the cultural traits in a particular area and analyses of the interrelated social factors. The paper is established in the field research into a typical village in a particular area and comparative analysis of the general character and individuality of the cultural identity, resulting in a highly targeted concrete protection strategy. There are various factors that could have effects on the cultural identity of the physical and mental environment closely related to everyday life in a built environment, among which social factors are fairly dominant. The rural settlements embody the traditional cultural contexts in quite a few different aspects. Thus, it is of actual significance to formulate a corresponding inheriting strategy based on seeking for their influencing factors and embodiments.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SPATIAL PLANNING FOR THE COST AND VALUE OPTIMIZATION IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT AGAINST NATURAL HAZARDS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.C.D. Jayalath ◽  
◽  
P.A.P.V.D.S. Disaratna ◽  
K.T. Withanage ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Spatial planning is managing the environmental, social and economic dimensions of development. Today the built environment suffers from a lot of natural hazards, resulted due to poor concentration over the environmental, social and economic aspects. Magnitudes and frequencies of these natural hazards has shifted from bad to worst in the recent past. Therefore, economic cost of these hazards has increased, and governments has been compelled to spend large amounts of public money to overcome these impacts on the built environment. Thus, in Sri Lankan context, these circumstances warrant the need to have a sustainable and realistic approach for the spatial planning in the built environment. Hence, the aim of this research was to enhance the cost and value efficiency in built environment against natural hazards through proper spatial planning in Sri Lankan context. Research was conducted mainly based on a questionnaire survey following the mixed research approach. Study identified the impact of poor spatial planning in the built environment in Sri Lankan context and study imparted set of guidelines to ensure effective spatial planning in the built environment in order to minimize the impact of adverse natural hazards. Finally, study concluded that, in order to establish a paradigm shift emphasizing the importance of effective spatial planning in the built environment, it is essential to have a clear understanding on natural process and other socio-economic concerns of the country.

scholarly journals CLUSTER AS A STRUCTURAL UNIT OF TERRITORY SPATIAL ORGANIZATION IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. I. Tarasova ◽  
A. V. Kinsht
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Innovative Economy

The concept of cluster is widely used in various fields of knowledge and, above all, in the economy. In recent decades, the term has become increasingly common in the area of spatial planning. However, the definition proposed by economic science does not reveal the essence of the cluster for use in this area. The term cluster has entered into domestic practice in the transition to an innovative economy and the subsequent reindustrialization of the country. Nevertheless, the elaboration of the issue from the point of view of territorial planning is clearly not enough. Based on the analysis of available interpretations, the article proposes an expanded formulation of the concept of cluster, which corresponds to economic approaches and can be considered as a structural unit of spatial organization of the environment in urban planning. The attempt of the structural description of the territorial cluster taking into account features of economic development of Russia and formation of industrial infrastructure is carried out.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN VILLAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Hnes L. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Functional Features

An analysis of performed field and theoretical research on the subject of socio-economic and urban development of the Ukrainian countryside in the XXI century is represented. and related transformations of settlement areas and rural farmstead. The socio-economic preconditions for the emergence and functioning of each type of village and farmstead are presented. 5 main types of rural settlements and estates are distinguished by dominant functional features on the basis of 2 components: rural-landscape and agricultural profile of the villagers: Type 1: traditional village, traditional village estate Type 2: village with a focus on recreational and tourist business; Type 3: village - a suburb at an agricultural enterprise; Type 4: village - sleeping quarter of the city; Type 5: diverse village. These types of villages arose as a result of evolutionary self-organization of settlements. Thus, the diversity of their socio-economic structures is an objectively existing process that should be taken into account in the development of long-term plans for socio-economic development of a region, specific settlement or group of settlements in the development of master plans of villages. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory field pre-project studies of each specific village. Special attention should be paid to the parameters and traditions of spatial organization of the most successful farmsteads from the standpoint of their primary convenience for housekeeping, namely: - for old farmsteads, which were formed without the intervention of designers or surveyors, had enough time to change the planning for improvement on the basis of household priorities by several generations of their owners - on the planning organization of the farmsteads of the most successful owners - for the planning of farmsteads that have received additional spatial development resources due to the accession of the territory of the neighboring estate as a result of the termination of the existence the latter. (There are many such cases today) - on influences on planning of the farmstead of possible additional arrivals (in the presence of household driveway or at the big width of area, planning of corner estates) - on a situation when the field adjoins the farmstead, which belongs to the owner. - on the method of using by the owners of the territories adjacent to the farmstead, which do not belong to anyone and form an additional resource for the spatial development of the estate (wasteland, pasture, sanitary protection strip, hypertrophied roadside, etc.). The range of optimal areas of each type of farmstead, recommendations on design methods are given. It is emphasized, that attempts to strictly regulate the planning of different types of villages will not be effective. Instead, a more productive approach is when the designer has complete freedom in developing the master plan of the village. Decisions that may contradict the current design norms or generally accepted canons in urban planning are allowed if they are based on the studied folk experience, traditions and arguments obtained in participatory design.

scholarly journals DAYAK KENYAH CULTURAL RESEARCH PLANNING IN SAMARINDA EMPLOYMENT ON THE VIEW OF CONTEMPORARY BUILDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Cisyulia Octavia HS ◽  
Darius Shyafary
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
General Public ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Building Facades

This study aims to design a Dayak Kenyah Cultural Research Center in Samarinda's Pampang Cultural Village using an emphasis on the appearance of contemporary Kenyah Dayak buildings and spatial organization. The benefits of this research resulted in a Cultural Research Center with good spatial planning and circulation and a place of education about Dayak Kenyah culture for the general public. The research method used is descriptive analytic and synthesis analysis with data collection techniques using observation techniques from observing facts in the field, interviews, and analysis of documents from literature studies related to the design concept of Dayak Kenyah Cultural Research Center. The results of the study are in the form of designing facilities by adjusting contemporary ethnic designs on building facades that provide elements of Dayak Kenyah cultural values such as adjusting the color of buildings to the typical colors of Dayak Kenyah culture and paying attention to the spatial planning in buildings used as places for cultural activities and research on Dayak Kenyah culture.

scholarly journals Governance and structuring of public and urban space in Bilbao: analysis of global trends at the local level

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Iago Lekue
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
New City

The phenomenon of deindustrialization, as well as the vertiginous changes dependent on financial capital, produced new trends in the models of organization and production of western cities such as Bilbao. The socio-spatial organization and structuring of the ‘new city’ begins to be a topic of great importance. It is in this sense that the concepts of public and urban space take on greater theoretical relevance. The results obtained through the application of the theory in the case of Bilbao, follow global urban development tendencies. Spatial planning fulfils the strategic functions of a system that dominates urban processes at their convenience. There is a tendency to build aseptic spaces that are closer to the interests of capital than of citizens.

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