New Construction Materials Based on Automobile Construction Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Vsévolod A. Mymrin ◽  
Rodrigo E. Catai ◽  
Elena V. Zelinskaya ◽  
Natalia A. Tolmacheva
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Construction ◽  
X Ray Background

This paper is devoted to the development of valuable new construction materials based on various ecologically burdensome galvanic wastes, namely industrial sludge from the RENAULT plant and metal cleaning glass waste. The only natural component used is local clay. Both of the wastes need significant financial investment and efforts for neutralization and subsequent disposal while they can be recycled into glass-ceramics or red ceramics (tiles, bricks, blocks, etc.). Mechanical properties of the ceramics of various compositions are as follows: flexion resistances are 4.8-9.2, 7.6-11.5 and 11.1-14.9 MPa (after calcination at 800°C, 850°C and 900°C, respectively); the dilatation coefficient values are normally 6.6 to 9.5% (up to 10% for certain materials); the water absorption values are between 19.7 and 23.9%. These values meet the Brazilian standards for ceramics production. Physicochemical interactions of initial components and new materials structure formation processes have been studied. The XRD data show the formation of new minerals in the process of baking: Na-Anortite (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8, Thenardite Na2SO4, Mullite Al6Si2O13, Tamarugite NaAl (SO4)2 6H2O. Only two minerals are identified both before and after baking: Quartz SiO2 and Hematite Fe2O3. High X-ray background clearly visible on the XRD-pattern is an evidence of a highly amorphous glassy structure resulting from founding processes during the mixtures heating. The SEM and EDS studies of the ceramics strongly confirm the XRD results demonstrating fields of almost glassy morphology within the new material. These new-crystalline and new-amorphous structures can explain all the mechanical and chemical properties of the ceramic materials developed. Leaching and solubility studies of the new ceramics with Atom Absorption Analysis demonstrate that a great excess of heavy metals (Sn, Zn and Ni) from the industrial wastes is decreased in the baked ceramics achieving levels that meet Brazilian sanitary standards.

scholarly journals Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andreola ◽  
Isabella Lancellotti ◽  
Paolo Pozzi ◽  
Luisa Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Packaging Glass ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermocycling, Surface Treatments and Microstructure on the Optical Properties and Roughness of CAD-CAM and Heat-Pressed Glass Ceramics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana-Diana Vasiliu ◽  
Sorin Daniel Porojan ◽  
Mihaela Ionela Bîrdeanu ◽  
Liliana Porojan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cad Cam

Dental ceramic restorations are widely spread nowadays due to their aesthetics and biocompatibility. In time, the colour and structure of these ceramic materials can be altered by aging processes. How does artificial aging affect the optical and surface roughness of ceramics? This study aims to assess the effect of thermocycling, surface treatments and microstructure upon translucency, opalescence and surface roughness on CAD-CAM and heat-pressed glass-ceramic. Forty-eight samples (1.5 mm thickness) were fabricated from six types of A2 MT ceramic: heat-pressed and milled glass-ceramic (feldspathic, lithium disilicate and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate). The samples were obtained respecting the manufacturer’s instructions. The resulted surfaces (n = 96) were half glazed and half polished. The samples were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles) and roughness values (Ra and Rz), colour coordinates (L*, a*, b*) and microstructural analyses were assessed before and after thermocycling. Translucency (TP) and opalescence (OP) were calculated. Values were statistically analysed using ANOVA test (one way). TP and OP values were significantly different between heat-pressed and milled ceramics before and also after thermocycling (p < 0.001). Surface treatments (glazing and polishing) had a significant effect on TP and OP and surface roughness (p < 0.05). The heat-pressed and milled zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic experienced a loss in TP and OP. Ra and Rz increased for the glazed samples, TP and OP decreased for all the samples after thermocycling. Microstructural analyse revealed that glazed surfaces were more affected by the thermocycling and especially for the zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Optical properties and surface roughness of the chosen ceramic materials were affected by thermocycling, surface treatments and microstructural differences. The least affected of the ceramics was the lithium disilicate ceramic heat-pressed polished and glazed.

The Ceramist as Chemist - Opportunities for New Materials

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Uhlmann ◽  
B.J.J. Zelinski ◽  
G.E. Wnek
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe use of sol-gel techniques to prepare glasses and crystalline ceramics offers outstanding opportunity for breakthroughs in technology. The areas of particular promise include novel glasses; crystallineceramics with exceptional microstructures; coatings for modification of electrical, optical, mechanical and chemical properties; porous media with high surface area and tailored chemistry; ceramic powders with high chemical homogeneity and narrow distributions of particle size; matrix materials in ceramicceramic composites; and a wide spectrum of specialty ceramic materials, ranging from abrasives and fibers to glass ceramics and films. Opportunities in each of these areas will be discussed and related to the advances in understanding and process technology required for their achievement. The theses will be advanced that creative chemistry provides the key to many of these advances, that ceramists simply MUST learn more chemistry, but that we dare not rest from our labors when the chemistry is done.

scholarly journals Application of the Sol-Gel Method at the Fabrication of PLZT:Yb3+ Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Osińska ◽  
M. Płońska ◽  
A. Marzec
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The aim of presented study was to obtain the PLZT:Yb3+ ceramics. Nanopowders of itterbium doped PLZT materials were synthesized by the sol-gel method from high quality metaloorganic precursors, as lead (II) acetate, lanthanum acetate, ytterbium acetate, zirconium (IV) propoxide and titanium (IV) propoxide. Anhydrous acetic acid and n-propyl alcohol were used as solvents, while acetyloacetone was added as stabilizer of hydrolysis reactions. Thermal evolution of the dried gels, before and after calcination, was studied by the simultaneous thermal analysis. The amorphous PLZT:Yb3+ gels were first calcined in the furnace at T = 850°C, and then mixed in the planetary ball mill. Additionally, the mean particle sizes were calculated by means of powder specific surface area measurements, based on the BET physical adsorption isotherm. Such obtained powders were subsequently pressed into pellets, and sintered by the free sintering method at temperature T = 1250°C / 6h. The morphology of fabricated PLZT:Yb3+ ceramic powders and samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Chemical characterization of samples was carried on using the Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy - EDS system. Studies provided detailed data concerning the relationships between doping and preparing conditions on the basic physical and chemical properties of obtained ceramic materials.

scholarly journals Application of the final flotation waste for obtaining the glass-ceramic materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-443
Author(s):  
Mira Cocic ◽  
Mihovil Logar ◽  
Suzana Eric ◽  
Visa Tasic ◽  
Snezana Devic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials ◽  
Main Component

This work describes the investigation of the final flotation waste (FFW), originating from the RTB Bor Company (Serbia), as the main component for the production of glass-ceramic materials. The glass-ceramics was synthesized by the sintering of FFW, mixtures of FFW with basalt (10%, 20%, and 40%), and mixtures of FFW with tuff (20% and 40%). The sintering was conducted at the different temperatures and with the different time duration in order to find the optimal composition and conditions for crystallization. The increase of temperature, from 1100 to 1480?C, and sintering time, from 4 to 6h resulted in a higher content of hematite crystal in the obtained glass-ceramic (up to 44%). The glass-ceramics sintered from pure FFW (1080?C/36h) has good mechanical properties, such as high propagation speed (4500 m/s) and hardness (10800 MPa), as well as very good thermal stability. The glass-ceramics obtained from mixtures shows weaker mechanical properties compared to that obtained from pure FFW. The mixtures of FFW with tuff have a significantly lower bulk density compared to other obtained glass-ceramics. Our results indicate that FFW can be applied as a basis for obtaining the construction materials.

scholarly journals Application of modified red mud in environmentally-benign applications: A review paper

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin G. Joseph ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Vigneswar Krishnan ◽  
Gianluca Li Puma
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Novel Applications

Red mud (RM) is a waste product that results from bauxite refining via the Bayer process. Its disposal remains an issue which raises significant environmental concerns, particularly if disposed on land or water bodies. Much research has been done on the use of red mud for environmentally-benign applications such as wastewater treatment, catalysis, the production of construction materials and glass ceramics, and for the recovery of metals. This paper reviews the current efforts made in the utilization of red mud as a valuable industrial by-product, which in turn should minimize its harmful impact on the environment. This detailed review compiles and highlights a variety of novel applications of modified red mud as a coagulant, an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, as well as, its use in catalytic processes and in building materials. The physico-chemical properties of red mud can be tuned by a range of treatment methods include acidification, neutralization and heat treatment. As revealed from the literature reviewed, modifications on red mud for the removal of various types of contaminants have shown promising results. However, further amendment and modifications on red mud are needed to utilize this industrial waste in many other industrial applications.

Energy saving technology for sintering of black bricks from high-siliceous clay

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 3123-3131
Author(s):  
Mario Flores Nicolas ◽  
Marina Vlasova ◽  
Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar ◽  
Mykola Kakazey ◽  
Marcos Mauricio Chávez Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Dark Color

AbstractThe low-temperature synthesis of bricks prepared from high-siliceous clays by the method of plastic molding of blanks was used. For the preparation of brick blanks, binary and ternary mixtures of high-siliceous clays, black sand, and bottle glass cullet were used. Gray-black low-porosity and high-porosity ceramics was obtained by sintering under conditions of oxygen deficiency. It has been established that to initiate plastic in mixtures containing high-siliceous clay, it is necessary to add montmorillonite/bentonite additives, carry out low-temperature sintering, and introduce low-melting glass additives with a melting point ranging from 750 to 800 °C. The performed investigations have shown that the sintering of mixtures with a total content of iron oxide of about 5 wt% under reducing conditions at Tsint. = 800°C for 8 h leads to the formation of glass ceramics consisting of quartz, feldspars, and a phase. The main sources of the appearance of a dark color is the formation of [Fe3+O4]4- and [Fe3+O6]9- anions in the composition of the glass phase and feldspars. By changing the contents of clay, sand, and glass in sintering, it is possible to obtain two types of ceramic materials: (a) in the form of building bricks and (b) in the form of porous fillers.

scholarly journals Towards Higher Electric Conductivity and Wider Phase Stability Range via Nanostructured Glass-Ceramics Processing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Pietrzak ◽  
Marek Wasiucionek ◽  
Jerzy E. Garbarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Oxide Glasses ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Stability Range ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement

This review article presents recent studies on nanostructured glass-ceramic materials with substantially improved electrical (ionic or electronic) conductivity or with an extended temperature stability range of highly conducting high-temperature crystalline phases. Such materials were synthesized by the thermal nanocrystallization of selected electrically conducting oxide glasses. Various nanostructured systems have been described, including glass-ceramics based on ion conductive glasses (silver iodate and bismuth oxide ones) and electronic conductive glasses (vanadate-phosphate and olivine-like ones). Most systems under consideration have been studied with the practical aim of using them as electrode or solid electrolyte materials for rechargeable Li-ion, Na-ion, all-solid batteries, or solid oxide fuel cells. It has been shown that the conductivity enhancement of glass-ceramics is closely correlated with their dual microstructure, consisting of nanocrystallites (5–100 nm) confined in the glassy matrix. The disordered interfacial regions in those materials form “easy conduction” paths. It has also been shown that the glassy matrices may be a suitable environment for phases, which in bulk form are stable at high temperatures, and may exist when confined in nanograins embedded in the glassy matrix even at room temperature. Many complementary experimental techniques probing the electrical conductivity, long- and short-range structure, microstructure at the nanometer scale, or thermal transitions have been used to characterize the glass-ceramic systems under consideration. Their results have helped to explain the correlations between the microstructure and the properties of these systems.

Slip Casting Used as a Forming Technique for Hydroxyapatite Processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 720 ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Lincoln Santana Blazutti Marçal ◽  
Daniel Navarro da Rocha ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Slip Casting ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Ceramic Suspension ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 400 ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Thermal Phase ◽  
Before And After

Ceramic materials have particular properties when compared to other classes of materials, exhibiting poor ductility as an example. Slip casting is a widely used ceramic forming technique, and already established in the literature and in the ceramic industry. This study aims to present slip casting as a processing route for producing hydroxyapatite (HA) struts, and show the thermal phase stability. The ceramic suspension was produced and stabilized with hydroxyapatite powder, deionized water and polyethylene glycol 400. The slip was poured into gypsum mold. The green bodies were heat treated at 900 and 1100°C. Hydroxyapatite was the only phase present in all samples, before and after heat treatments. Density measurements showed that the densification was higher for the ceramic bodies sintered at 1100°C, when compared to the ones calcined at 900°C.

Thermal and chemical properties of TiO2-SiO2 porous glass-ceramics

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 2583-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Kokubu ◽  
Masayuki Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Porous Glass ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
And Chemical Properties
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