Influence of the Degree of Cold Drawing on the Microstructure and Properties of Pipes Used for Dampers

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Simion ◽  
Bogdan Istrate ◽  
Corneliu Munteanu ◽  
Vasile Dia ◽  
Petru Avram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Main Body

Dumpers are the main components of the suspension system with vertical oscillations role in the absorption of the automobile. The combination of suspension coil with dumper is forming the main body of the suspension system. Shock absorber pipe is mainly used for production of motorcycles, cars (sedan) car shock absorber, is the size of the relatively high precision seamless pipe products, its manufacturing costs and lower selling prices relatively seamless, with excellent cost performance, got the car and motorcycle manufacturing industry recognition, are gradually replacing the use of seamless pipes in the area. The cold work process of pipes drawing consists of reducing the cross-section of a pipe by pulling the pipe through series of conical dies. The metal pipe drawing technology has been widely used to manufacture fine pipes. The influence of the degree of cold drawing on the mechanical properties of the carbon steel material were studied using the tensile test and hardness test experiments in order to replicate the service condition of the pipes used for automotive dumpers. Microstructure analysis were perfomed using optical analysis on a LEICA 5000DMI microscope up to 1000X magnitude and SEM images with a dual beam QUANTA 200 3D FEI SEM scanning electron microscope. The purpose of the work is to observe the main effects of the degree of reduction at different gradations by analysing the microstructure and mechanical proprieties behavior. The study used the stress-strain relationship of the tensile test experiment to study the effect of the degree of cold-drawing deformation on the yield strength and tensile strength properties of the dumpers used in automotive industry. The toughness of the low carbon steel used for the dumper manufacture reduces as the degree of drawing deformation increases. The ductility of the material also reduces with increasing degree of rawing deformation. The yield strength of the material was observed to reduce with increasing degree of cold-drawing, an indication of reduction in the ductility and the tensile strength of the material reduced with increasing degree of cold-drawn deformation. After high degrees of cold deformation by drawing, the hardness proprieties are increasing highlighted by cold-straining.

Tensile Properties and Fracture Behavior of SiCp/AC4CH Composite at Loading Velocities of up to 10m/s

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Toshiro Kobayashi ◽  
Chun Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Fracture Elongation ◽  
Before And After

Tensile test at loading velocities up to 10 m·s-1(strain rate up to 3.2x102s-1) was carried out forr SiCp/AC4CH composite and AC4CH alloy. The microstructure of the composite before and after tensile deformation was carefully examined with both optical microscope and SEM. The experimental results demonstrated that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increase with increasing loading velocity up to 10 m·s-1. Comparing with AC4CH alloy, the fracture elongation of the composite is sensitivity with the increasing strain rate. The YS of both the composite and AC4CH alloy shows more sensitive than that of the UTS with the increasing strain rate, especially in the range of strain rate higher than 102s-1.

Influence of Technological Options on the Material Reliability of AlSi17Cu5 Cast Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Piątkowski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Material Property ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Static Tensile Test ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Technological Options

In the dissertation the influence of overheating of around 250oC above Tliq on the material reliability of AlSi17Cu5 cast alloy has been shown. On the basis of static tensile test, the following had been determined: HB hardness, tensile strength and yield strength for four, chosen technological variants. The results were the base to verify the thesis of compliance between tested feature arrangement and normal arrangement, and on this ground also material reliability determined with Weibull’s statistic arrangement had been defined. This parameter grasp the interdependence between lasting probability and chosen material property of the alloy.

A Method for Estimating Uncertainty of Indentation Tensile Properties in Instrumented Indentation Test

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-chae Jeon ◽  
Joo-Seung Park ◽  
Doo-Sun Choi ◽  
Kug-Hwan Kim ◽  
Dongil Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Instrumented Indentation Test

The instrumented indentation test, which measures indentation tensile properties, has attracted interest recently because this test can replace uniaxial tensile test. An international standard for instrumented indentation test has been recently legislated. However, the uncertainty of the indentation tensile properties has never been estimated. The indentation tensile properties cannot be obtained directly from experimental raw data as can the Brinell hardness, which makes estimation of the uncertainty difficult. The simplifying uncertainty estimation model for the indentation tensile properties proposed here overcomes this problem. Though the influence quantities are generally defined by experimental variances when estimating uncertainty, here they are obtained by calculation from indentation load-depth curves. This model was verified by round-robin test with several institutions. The average uncertainties were estimated as 18.9% and 9.8% for the indentation yield strength and indentation tensile strength, respectively. The values were independent of the materials’ mechanical properties but varied with environmental conditions such as experimental instruments and operators. The uncertainties for the indentation yield and tensile strengths were greater than those for the uniaxial tensile test. These larger uncertainties were caused by measuring local properties in the instrumented indentation test. The two tests had the same tendency to have smaller uncertainties for tensile strength than yield strength. These results suggest that the simplified model can be used to estimate the uncertainty in indentation tensile properties.

Influence of the Degree of Cold Drawing over the Wear Test and XRD Analysis of Pipes Used for Dampers

2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Bogdan Istrate ◽  
Corneliu Munteanu ◽  
Petru Simion ◽  
Vasile Dia ◽  
Petru Avram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Test ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Steel Material

Dumpers have studied intensively in the last years and they are the main parts of the suspension system with vertical oscillations role in the absorption of the automobile. The combination of suspension coil with dumper is forming the main body of the suspension system. Dumpers are mainly used for production of automotive industry. The influence of the degree of cold drawing on the mechanical properties of the carbon steel material were studied for the XRD and wear test point of view using microtribometer and diffractometer test machines. The purpose of the work is to observe the main effects of the degree of reduction at different gradations by analysing the X-Ray diffraction – crystallographic determination and scratch test by observing the wear tracks. It was finally measured the loss of material during the wear test, the sample with the highest grade of plastic deformation had the lowest material loss.

Statistical Evaluation Tensile Properties of High-Density Polyethylenes

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Koyun ◽  
Baris Koksal ◽  
Esma Ahlatcioglu ◽  
A. Binnaz Hazar Yoruc
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
End Use ◽  
Chain Lengths

The mechanical properties, among all the properties of plastic materials, are often the most important properties because virtually all service conditions and the majority of end-use applications involve some degree of mechanical loading [1]. In the present work three different commercial polyethylene materials are tensile tested at four or five different tensile rates and two or three temperatures. Tensile test results against tensile rate include stress at 0.5 % elongation, tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation at yield and % elongation are determined. It is concluded that the structure, chain lengths and branching rates of polymer matrix significantly effected tensile test curve characteristic.

Finite Element Analysis of Tensile Test for HDPE/EPR-MMT Nanocomposite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
N.M. Shaffiar ◽  
M.K.A. Halim ◽  
H. Anuar ◽  
M.A.H.A. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Nanocomposite Material ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Element Analysis

A small amount of nanodispersed filler leads to an improvement in material properties. Montmorillonite (MMT) is one type of filler commonly used in nanocomposite material. A high density polyethylene/ethylene propylene rubber - montmorillonite (HDPE/EPR-MMT) is one of the nanocomposite material that is new to the industry. This paper investigates the strength of HDPE/EPR-MMT nanocomposite under tensile loading. The experimental results of the tensile test on the nanocomposite will be compared with the tensile simulation in the Finite Element (FE) analysis for validation. The results showed that it is validated with relatively low percentage error of 0.01 % for the ultimate tensile strength and 0.18 % for the yield strength. The ultimate tensile strength of HDPE/EPR-MMT is 14.5 MPa and the yield strength is 13.2 MPa. By using MMT as a filler, the material strength is improved. The ultimate tensile strength of HDPE/EPR without filler is 11.45 MPa and the yield strength is 10.95 MPa.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg96Y3Zn1 Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

2011 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Chen Lu ◽  
Dong Liang Lin ◽  
Xiao Qin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Ultrafine Grains ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Average Grain Size

The Mg96Y3Zn1 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing has been investigated. It was found that the Mg96Y3Zn1 alloy processed by ECAP obtained ultrafine grains and exhibits excellent mechanical properties. After ECAP, the average grain size of Mg96Y3Zn1 alloy refined to about 400 nm. The highest strengths with yield strength of 381.45MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 438.33MPa were obtained after 2 passes at 623K. It was found that cracks were preferentially initiated and propagated in the interior of X-phase during the tensile test. As a result, the elongation of alloy is decreased with pass number increasing.

Stability of Strength Characteristics of Hardened by Deformation AMg6 Alloy during High-Speed Heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Yu.D. Koryagin ◽  
S.I. Il'in ◽  
N.A. Shaburova
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Amg6 Alloy ◽  
Alloy Amg6 ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Hardening Effect ◽  
Cold Worked

The results were shown in influence of fast heating parameters on the structure and properties of cold-worked alloy AMg6 with original hot-forged structure. Based on the measured data, the change of mechanical properties of cold-worked alloy AMg6 during the process of short duration heating was evaluated. There was reviewed the role of the temperature and the time of heat on the processes of softening the samples of cold-worked alloy AMg6. The stability of mechanical characteristics of hammer-hardened alloy AMg6 under elevated test temperatures was evaluated. It is shown that the return processes in cold-deformed AMg6 alloy during heating in the temperature range studied receive the most intensive development in the first 5–10 minutes, reducing the hardening effect from cold deformation, determined by tensile strength, respectively: by 8–9% with 100 °C; 26–27% at 150 °C; 37–38% at 200 °C; 42–44% at 250 °C and 50% at 300 °C. A decrease in the yield strength during high-speed heating in the temperature range studied is much faster ,compared with the change in the tensile strength. Hour exposure at 200 °C reduces the hardening effect on the yield strength from 340 MPa to 258 MPa, while the tensile strength decreases from 430 MPa to 385 MPa.

Improvement on Impact Toughness of Cold Formed S420 Steel by Direct Quenching

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 648-653
Author(s):  
Antti Kaijalainen ◽  
Juho Mourujärvi ◽  
Juha Tulonen ◽  
Petteri Steen ◽  
Jukka I. Kömi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Strength Level ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Direct Quenching ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work is to study the effect cold forming rate (CFR) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of a conventional TMCP and a direct-quenched steel in 420 MPa strength level. The microstructure was characterized using FESEM-EBSD. Tensile properties and Charpy-V impact toughness were determined. As the CFR increased, the yield and tensile strength raised quite linearly with both steels. Yield strength values increased from 450 MPa (as-rolled material) to 700 MPa (25 % CFR). However, tensile strength increased less compared to yield strength. Uniform elongation decreased linearly till about 10 % CFR and total elongation till about 15 – 20 % CFR. The impact values decreased quite linearly in -40 °C and -60 °C test temperature when the cold forming rate increased. In longitudinal direction (L-T) the impact values were at high level at -40 °C and -60 °C with both steels with all CFR. In transverse direction (T-L) the impact results were lower. Impact energies were enhanced by direct quenching compared to conventional steel in every CFR stage. EBSD results showed no major difference between steels in the grain sizes in generally. However, cold forming decreased the grain size and increased low-angle grain boundaries in correlation with increasing CFR. Small size of the coarsest grains (d90%) usually indicate better toughness, however in this case the impact values were decreased even with smaller grain size as cold deformation occurs. On the other hand, the strength level increased with forming rate. Therefore, a brief discussion of the microstructural features controlling the impact toughness is given.

55-06 and 70-02 PEARLITIC DUCTILE DURA-BAR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast ◽  
Maximum Yield Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel

Abstract 55-06 and 70-02 Ductile Dura-Bar are continuously cast ductile irons with about 50 and 75% pearlitic microstructures, respectively. 55-06 has about the same tensile strength as SAE 1045 as-hot-rolled steel. Its maximum yield strength and elongation are equivalent to a eutectoid carbon steel. 70-02 Ductile Dura-Bar has somewhat greater tensile strength up to 3 diameter and considerably higher yield strength up through 10 diameter. The elongation of 70-02 is lower than that of 55-06 because of its reduced ferrite content. This datasheet provides information on composition, microstructure, and hardness. It also includes information on heat treating. Filing Code: CI-62. Producer or source: Federal Bronze Products Inc..

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