Interactive Effects of Salinity and Elevated CO2 on Ecophysiological Function of Euhalophyte Suaeda salsa

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Zhao Xiang Han ◽  
Gui Quan Han ◽  
Zhang Meng ◽  
Chun Xia Lv
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Leaves And Roots

This study was aimed at obtaining detailed information about the interaction of NaCl salinity and elevated atmospheric CO2concentration in the halophyte S.salsa, which was irrigated with five different salinity levels under ambient and elevated (530 ppm) CO2. The results show that total soluble sugar concentration was significantly increased by salt-treatments in both leaves and roots, and that the most progressive sugar increments were observed in leaves and roots of S. salsa under the elevated CO2. The Na+ concentration in the leaves and roots increased with the increased NaCl concentration, the K+ accumulation gradually decreaed by increasing salinity levels in leaves and roots. Proline increased in response to salt stress along with incremental NaCl concentration. The GB concentrations of leaves were significantly raised as NaCl levels increased. Electrolyte leakage increased in the leaves of S. salsa grown under NaCl stress. ψs of leaves and roots decreased as the NaCl concentration increase, and that elevated CO2both had markedly greater effects on ψs of leaves and roots. The osmotic adjustment values ascended with elevated CO2concentration in both leaves and roots.

Salt-stress Induced Alterations in Protein Profile and Protease Activity in the Mangrove Bruguiera parviflora

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asish Kumar Parida ◽  
Anath Bandhu Das ◽  
Bhabatosh Mittra ◽  
Prasanna Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Nacl Concentration

Two-month-old seedlings of Bruguiera parvifora were treated with varying levels of NaCl (100, 200 and 400 mᴍ) under hydroponic culture. Total proteins were extracted from leaves of control and NaCl treated plants after 7, 14, 30 and 45 d of treatment and analysed by SDS-PAGE. As visualized from SDS-PAGE, the intensity of several protein bands of molecular weight 17, 23, 32, 33 and 34 kDa decreased as a result of NaCl treatment. The degree of decrease of these protein bands seemed to be roughly proportional to the external NaCl concentration. The most obvious change concerned a 23 kDa-polypeptide (SSP-23), which disappeared after 45 d treatment in 400 mm NaCl. Moreover, the SSP-23 protein, which disappeared in B. parviflora under salinity stress, reappeared when these salinized seedlings were desalinized. These observations suggest the possible involvement of these polypeptides for osmotic adjustment under salt stress. NaCl stress also caused an increase in the activity of both acid and alkaline protease. The increasing activity of proteases functions as a signal of salt stress in B. parviflora, which induces the reduction of protein level.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Alfalfa Populations Selected for Salinity Tolerance and Grown in Symbiosis with Salt-Tolerant Rhizobium

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Craig Gatzke ◽  
Marie Bipfubusa ◽  
Vicky Lévesque ◽  
Francois P. Chalifour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerant

Alfalfa and its rhizobial symbiont are sensitive to salinity. We compared the physiological responses of alfalfa populations inoculated with a salt-tolerant rhizobium strain, exposed to five NaCl concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mM NaCl). Two initial cultivars, Halo (H-TS0) and Bridgeview (B-TS0), and two populations obtained after three cycles of recurrent selection for salt tolerance (H-TS3 and B-TS3) were compared. Biomass, relative water content, carbohydrates, and amino acids concentrations in leaves and nodules were measured. The higher yield of TS3-populations than initial cultivars under salt stress showed the effectiveness of our selection method to improve salinity tolerance. Higher relative root water content in TS3 populations suggests that root osmotic adjustment is one of the mechanisms of salt tolerance. Higher concentrations of sucrose, pinitol, and amino acid in leaves and nodules under salt stress contributed to the osmotic adjustment in alfalfa. Cultivars differed in their response to recurrent selection: under a 160 mM NaCl-stress, aromatic amino acids and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) increased in nodules of B-ST3 as compared with B-TS0, while these accumulations were not observed in H-TS3. BCAAs are known to control bacteroid development and their accumulation under severe stress could have contributed to the high nodulation of B-TS3.

scholarly journals Alterations in the root proteomes of Brassica napus cultivars under salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Hakan Terzi ◽  
Mustafa Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Protein Alterations ◽  
Root Proteins

Soil salinization is an important environmental problem affecting agricultural production worldwide. Seed germination is a critical process, and seedling establishment under saline conditions can be achieved by successful germination. In the present study, comparative proteomics combined with physiological analyses were used to investigate the protein alterations in germinating Brassica napus cultivars (Caravel and Sary) under NaCl stress. Seed germination declined with the increasing NaCl concentration. However, Caravel exhibited better performance in terms of seed germination and seedling growth under salinity stress. Therefore, Caravel was found to be more tolerant to salinity than Sary. The root proteins were extracted from B. napus cultivars germinating on a plant growth medium with or without 100 mM NaCl for seven days. After the root proteins had been separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, the differentially accumulated proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The comparative proteomics analysis revealed 12 and 27 statistically significant proteins accumulated in the NaCl-treated roots of Caravel and Sary, respectively. The identified proteins were mostly involved in protein metabolism, stress defense, cytoskeleton and cell wall metabolism, and energy metabolism. The salt-sensitive cultivar Sary displayed an elevated accumulation of proteins involved in antioxidant defense and the protein catabolic process such as superoxide dismutase [Fe], L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, and different components of the proteasome system. On the other hand, the levels of molecular chaperones including 20 kDa chaperonin, chaperonin CPN60, heat shock cognate protein HSC70, and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 were higher in Caravel than Sary under salt stress. These findings will provide the possible mechanisms which contribute to salt tolerance and may serve as the basis for improving salinity tolerance in rapeseed.

scholarly journals Applying Spermidine for Differential Responses of Antioxidant Enzymes in Cucumber Subjected to Short-term Salinity

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Xia Du ◽  
Huai-Fu Fan ◽  
Shi-Rong Guo ◽  
Takafumi Tezuka
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leaves And Roots

To examine whether spermidine (SPD) modifies plant antioxidant enzyme expression in response to short-term salt stress, cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings were treated with NaCl in the presence or absence of SPD for 3 days. Compared with untreated control plants, free radical production and malondialdehyde content in leaves and roots increased significantly and plant growth was suppressed under 50 mm NaCl stress. Exogenous SPD sprayed on leaves at a concentration of 1 mm alleviated salinity-mediated growth reduction. Salt stress caused a consistent increase in soluble protein content, as well as peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in cucumber seedlings. By native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, five POD isozymes were detected in cucumber seedling leaves, and seven in roots. We detected five SOD isozymes in leaves and four in roots, and two catalase (CAT) isozymes in leaves and two in roots. Our results indicate that salt stress induced the expression of POD and SOD isozymes in cucumber seedlings, but inhibited the expression of CAT isozymes in roots. Application of exogenous SPD further increased POD and SOD expression and activity, and led to the differential regulation of CAT in leaves and roots. These data show that antioxidant enzymes, especially POD and SOD, appear to protect cucumber seedlings against stress-related damage, and they appear to function as the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of cucumber seedlings to salinity. Moreover, SPD has potential to scavenge directly free radical and to alleviate growth inhibition and promote the activity and expression of antioxidant system enzymes in cucumber seedlings under short-term salt stress.

scholarly journals Germination of Primed Seed under NaCl Stress in Wheat

ISRN Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Fuller ◽  
Jalal H. Hamza ◽  
Hail Z. Rihan ◽  
Mohammad Al-Issawi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Velocity ◽  
Germination Indices

Soil salinity affects a large and increasing amount of arable land worldwide, and genetic and agronomic solutions to increasing salt tolerance are urgently needed. Experiments were conducted to improve wheat seed performance under salinity stress conditions after priming. An experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of four replications for germination indices in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Caxton). Normal and primed seed with PEG6000 at  MPa and five concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) were tested. Results indicate that priming seed significantly () increased germination percentage at first count and final count, coefficient of velocity of germination, germination rate index, and mean germination time, while increasing of NaCl concentration significantly reduced it. Priming seed improved germination attributes at all NaCl concentration levels. The priming appeared to be able to overcome the effect of salt stress at 50 to 100 mM and reduce the effect of NaCl at higher concentrations up to 200 mM. The primed seed gave both faster germination and led to higher germination when under salt stress. We conclude that using priming techniques can effectively enhance the germination seed under saline condition.

scholarly journals Influence of salt stress on ecophysiological parameters of Periploca sepium bunge

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Sun ◽  
T. Li ◽  
J.B. Xia ◽  
J.Y. Tian ◽  
Z.H. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Periploca Sepium

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of salt stress on Periploca sepium Bunge seedlings using three levels of salinity, 50 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, and 200 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The results showed that growth parameters and net photosynthetic rate (P<sub>n</sub>), stomatal conductance (G<sub>s</sub>) of Periploca sepium Bunge were enhanced under low salinity levels (50 mmol/L NaCl), which reduced strongly with increasing salinity levels. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl and 200 mmol/L NaCl stress, the decline of P<sub>n</sub> was mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. The water use efficiency (WUE), apparent light use efficiency (LUE), carboxylation efficiency (CUE) were enhanced under low salinity levels (50 mmol/L NaCl), the maximum value of WUE was observed at 100 mmol/L NaCl, the minimum value of WUE was observed at 200 mmol/L NaCl, the LUE, CUE were reduced by 52% and 47%, at 200 mmol/L NaCl, respectively, compared to control. Activities of the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by low salinity treatment (50 mmol/L NaCl), but CAT activity decreased at 200 mmol/L NaCl stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was non-significant compared to the control under low salinity levels (50 mmol/L NaCl), the maximum value was observed at 200 mmol/L NaCl. These results suggest a possibility to improve saline soil utilization of Periploca sepium Bunge in Yellow River Delta region.

scholarly journals Osmotic adjustment in roots and leaves of two sorghum genotypes under NaCl stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
José Cambraia ◽  
Marco Antonio Oliva ◽  
Hugo Alberto Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inorganic Solutes ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sensitive Genotype ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Seedlings of two sorghum genotypes [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], one salt tolerant (CSF 20) and the other salt sensitive (CSF 18) were grown in nutrient solution containing 0, 50 and 100 mmol.L-1 NaCl for seven days and the osmotic potential (Ys) and the contribution of organic and inorganic solutes to the Ys were determined in the leaves and roots. Salinity reduced the Ys of the cellular sap of leaves and roots in both genotypes, mainly in the salt sensitive one. The higher decrease in the Ys in the salt sensitive genotype was mostly due to higher accumulation of Na+ and Cl- that probably exceeded the amount needed for the osmotic adjustment. Among the inorganic solutes, K+ contributed the most to the Ys in control unstressed seedlings, but its contribution decreased as salt stress increased, especially in the salt sensitive genotype. Soluble carbohydrates and amino acids were the organic solutes that contributed the most to the leaf and root Ys, respectively. No statistically significant difference in these organic solute contributions to the leaf Ys between genotypes was observed. Their contributions to the root Ys, however, were higher in the salt tolerant genotype, especially at higher NaCl concentration. Proline contribution to leaf and root Ys was quite small in both genotypes and its accumulation was not related to salt tolerance. Our results suggest that the salt tolerant genotype was able to maintain a more adequate osmotic pool in the leaves and roots under salt stress than the salt sensitive genotype.

The Salicylic Acid Effect on the Contents of Citrullus lanatus L. Sugar, Protein and Proline under Salinity (NaCl) Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Wei Shun Cheng ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Hong Xia Zeng ◽  
Xian Feng Shi ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Effect ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Change Level ◽  
Salicylic Acid Concentration

Plant growth is impressed by biotic and abiotic stress inversely. There are many reports about proteins change level in salinity stress. Leaves fill up more soluble sugar of glucose, fructose and proline with treatment of salicylic acid. In this study, Citrullus lanatus seeds planted in pots containing perlite were put in a growth chamber under controlled conditions of 30 ±2 °Cand 14 ±2 °Ctemperature, 14h lightness and 10h darkness; NaCl concentration of 0,4,8,12 ds/m and salicylic acid concentration of 0,1,2,4 mM were used in the form of factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). The results demonstrated that increasing of proline and sugars due to osmotic slope in plants lead to increasing of tolerance against dehydrations of leave content and acceleration of plant developments in stress conditions.

scholarly journals Biochemical Stress Markers, Antioxidants, and Infectious Wound-Healing Potential of UV Irradiation and Salt Stress Effects on the Pre-Treated Seed of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.)

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582110440
Author(s):  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
Sumaira Sharif ◽  
Ibrahim Salam Baig ◽  
Rimsha Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Enzymes Activities

Purpose The secondary metabolites in plants are the basis of defense and stress balance, which is an important aspect in plant growth. The UV-B treatment (a biotic stress) and salt stress on bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L.) were studied, and the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment was evaluated on the basis of biochemical and enzymatic biomarkers, antioxidants, and wound-healing potential during early growth stages. Methods The UV-B treatment for 5 and 10 min and salt stress 250 mM and 500 mM treatments were applied, and 21-day seedling tissue were collected for total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant, chlorophyll contents, hydrogen peroxide, total soluble sugar, enzymes activities, and wound-healing potential studies. Results The TPC, TFC, diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), chlorophyll contents, and total soluble sugar were recorded higher at 5 min treatment with UV-B and salt stress at 250 mM concentration. Antioxidant enzymes activities were recorded higher for 10 min UV-B treatment and 500 mM salt treatment. Wound-healing potential was found significant at 5 min treatment with UV-B radiation, which was studied in vivo in rabbits. The LC-MS analysis revealed a variety of phenolic compounds in the seedlings. Conclusion The study concluded that treatments significantly affect the biological activities of bitter melon seeds at the seedling stage, and the seeds contain important phenolic compounds responsible for its antioxidant potential and enzymatic activities. Future studies could be focused on the later stages of growth, development, and yield characteristics subjected to salt stress along with UV-B radiation treatment.

Effects of Salinity and Nitrate Nitrogen on Growth, Ion Accumulation, and Photosynthesis of Sugar Beet

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4371-4380
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jia Chao Zhou ◽  
Na Sui ◽  
Tong Lou Ding ◽  
Xiao Dong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Sugar Beet Cultivar ◽  
Nacl Concentration

Effects of salinity and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) on growth, ion accumulation, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet cultivar KWS3418 were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Seedlings were exposed to 0 and 1% NaCl in 0.5, 5 or 10 mM NO3--N treatments for 25 days. The results showed that increasing NO3- supply improved shoot and root dry weights, decreased the Cl- concentration in leaves and roots regardless of NaCl concentration. Higher NO3--N supply also increased concentration of chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII) in leaves and soluble sugar concentration in roots. The results indicate that increasing NO3- supply can help sugar beet to mediate ion homeostasis, to increase the ability of photosynthesis, and subsequently to increase the growth under high salinity. The interactive effects of salinity and nitrate availability can significantly increase soluble sugar in roots of sugar beet.

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