Cost Effective Developments for Fabrication of Titanium Components

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf Imam ◽  
F.H. Sam Froes ◽  
Ramana G. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Metal Injection Molding ◽  
Additive Layer Manufacturing ◽  
Blended Elemental ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Layer Manufacturing

The major reason that there is not more widespread use of titanium and its alloys is the high cost. In this paper, developments in one cost effective approach to fabrication of titanium components - powder metallurgy - will be discussed under various aspects of this technology. The aspects to be discussed are the blended elemental approach, pre-alloyed techniques, additive layer manufacturing, metal injection molding, spray deposition and microwave sintering. A brief review of a number of low cost powder production processes is also presented.

scholarly journals Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Volodymyr M. Lucenko ◽  
Dmytro O. Progonov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Lines

Reliable protection of confidential data processed in critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizing informative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component, and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold. The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused by increasing of its transistors switching speed. Modern passive shielding methods for secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST, require either costly and large shielding units or technological simplification by using of low-cost fragmentary shielding of computer’s individual elements. Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed. The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiation by passive method. The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and a monitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc. During experiments authors used ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connected to selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipment and measurements as well as requirements to analytics’ qualification for improving computer’s protection. Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitor instead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle” the lines in each frame.

Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga Wires with Fiber Texture

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Patrick Farrell ◽  
Patti E. Quigley ◽  
Kyle J. Avery ◽  
Tim D. Hatchard ◽  
Stephanie E Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Saturation Field ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Wire Method ◽  
Deformation Processes

AbstractRecently, low-cost processing approaches that produce textured thin bodies have engendered interest as cost-effective approaches for fabrication of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys. In particular, wire-forming methods that strictly control the solidification direction could lead to some measure of crystallographic texture control. This is critical for development of large magnetostriction in polycrystals and for use of the alloys in actuators, sensors, energy harvesters and other systems. Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga wires have been prepared using an innovative cost-effective approach – based on the Taylor wire method – that combines rapid solidification and deformation processes. The procedure for making magnetostrictive wires is discussed and the wires are evaluated in terms of microstructure, crystallographic texture and magnetostriction. Results show that the Taylor-based approach is an effective and versatile means to draw 1-3 mm diameter textured Fe-Ga wire. Experimentation on the influence of drawing technique and quench conditions on texture development resulted with production of a strong <100> fiber texture in the Fe-Ga wire. Magnetostriction measurements, in the absence of prestress, indicated a maximum magnetostriction of ˜165 ppm in a saturation field of less than 200 mTesla. This is considered a significant strain for bulk polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys without a pre-stress or a stress-annealing treatment. The unique properties of wires made with the Taylor-based approach coupled with the low intrinsic cost make this an attractive approach for production of textured magnetostrictive wire for a variety of applications.

Microwave Sintering and Melting of Titanium Powder for Low-Cost Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph W. Bruce ◽  
Arne W. Fliflet ◽  
Hugo E. Huey ◽  
Chad Stephenson ◽  
M. Ashraf Imam
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
Microwave System ◽  
Direct Induction

The emerging reduction technologies for titanium from ore produce powder instead of sponge. Conventional methods for sintering and melting of titanium powder are costly, as they are energy intensive and require high vacuum, 10-6 Torr or better, since titanium acts as a getter for oxygen at high temperature, adversely affecting mechanical properties. Other melting processes such as plasma arcs have the additional problem of electrode consumption, and direct induction heating of the titanium powder is problematic. Microwave sintering or melting in an atmospheric pressure argon gas environment is potentially cost effective and energy efficient due to the possibility of direct microwave heating of the titanium powder augmented by hybrid heating in a ceramic casket. We are investigating this approach at the Naval Research Laboratory using an S–Band microwave system. The experimental setup and the results of melting and sintering experiments will be described including a rough estimate of energy usage.

scholarly journals Large-area electrospray-deposited nanocrystalline CuXO hole transport layer for perovskite solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (74) ◽  
pp. 46651-46656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Y. Y. Bu ◽  
Yaw-Shyan Fu ◽  
Jian-Fu Li ◽  
Tzung-Fang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Perovskite Layer ◽  
Electrostatic Spray Deposition ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

In this study, a fully scalable and cost-effective approach for fabricating PSCs using the combination of direct electrostatic spray deposition for (HTL and perovskite layer) and thermal evaporation on conductive substrates.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-5Al-2.5Fe Alloy Produced by Powder Forging

2018 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Tu Jia ◽  
Clément Blanchard ◽  
Leandro Bolzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Blended Elemental ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Near Net Shape

Blended elemental powder metallurgy is a cost effective approach to produce near net shape titanium alloy parts; however, the residual pores remaining in sintered parts are detrimental to the mechanical properties. In this study, elemental powders (Ti, Al and Fe) were used to produce the Ti-5Al-2Fe alloy by a powder forging process, involving cold compaction, vacuum sintering, forging and heat treatment. The residual pores of the sintered parts were removed completely by forging at the temperature of 1250oC. The effect of solution and aging and mill annealing heat treatments on the mechanical properties of the forged Ti-5Al-2Fe parts were studied. It is found that the ductility of the forged Ti-5Al-2Fe parts is improved significantly by both solution and aging treatment and mill annealing, without decreasing their ultimate tensile strength, which sits around 1000 MPa. The enhancement of the mechanical behaviour is justified via understanding the evolution of the residual porosity and of the microstructural features of the materials.

scholarly journals Removal of Heavy Metal from Wastewater using Water Chestnut Shell as an Adsorbent

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3113-3120
Author(s):  
Girish R. Jangle
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The contamination of water resources as a result of industrial activity is on the rise and is a global concern. The heavy metals found in wastewater are long lasting and non-biodegradable. Contamination with heavy metals over acceptable limits could result in major health problems. Chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, adsorption, and other technologies are used to lessen the influence of heavy metals on water bodies. Some procedures are extremely costly, energy-intensive, and frequently result in the production of harmful by-products. The use of adsorption as a cost-effective approach for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater has been examined. The usage of Trapa bispinosa peels/shell as a low-cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment is discussed in this paper. Chemical activation was used to make activated carbons from Trapa bispinosa peels and shells. Activated carbons made from a combination of Trapa bispinosa peels/shells and Phosphoric acid with varying impregnation ratios. The results revealed that the activating temperature for the production of Trapa bispinosa-derived activated carbon is 500℃ (AC). CHNS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the activated carbons.

Making Sense of 3D Printing/Additive Layer Manufacturing in Offshore Petroleum Industry: State of the Art

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Chandima Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Additive Layer Manufacturing ◽  
Layer Manufacturing ◽  
Offshore Petroleum

Three-dimensional printing (3DP)/additive layer manufacturing (ALM) allows the cost-effective and fast fabrication of parts with intricate/complex external and internal structure via the addition of material layer-by-layer in a controlled environment. Hence, 3DP/ALM related technology has a significant potential to mitigate most spare parts related challenges present in the offshore petroleum industry. That is especially the case in offshore petroleum operations in remote locations and harsh environments (e.g. Arctic operations), when parts can be printed on-site upon demand. Digitalized and localized supply chains enable the minimization of delivery lead-times. This is vital when there is a significantly large lead-time involved for spare parts to come from a warehouse or manufacturer. Putting multiple parts together into one minimizes future inspection and maintenance challenges, where, without 3DP/ALM, it is too expensive or impossible to produce with the existing conventional manufacturing approaches. Mass customization and 3D visualization allow industry leaders, engineers and technicians to gain a better understanding of the equipment operation. This manuscript provides a comprehensive investigation of the potential to use 3DP/ALM in general and within the offshore petroleum industry. In addition, it suggests a methodology for investigating optimal parameter settings (i.e. designing of parameter combination) when a 3DP/ALM machine supplier’s manual does not specify the parameter combinations for a certain metal and/or when the end-product requirements demand certain metallurgical properties and mechanical characteristics.

Plasmonic Nanofocusing in Deep and Extreme Sub-Wavelength Scale for Scalable Nanolithography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidong Du ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Liang Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Wavelength Scale ◽  
Plasmonic Nanofocusing ◽  
Nanoscale Metrology ◽  
Next Generation Lithography ◽  
Plasmonic Nanolithography

Maskless nanolithography is an agile and cost effective approach if their throughputs can be scaled for mass production purposes. Using plasmonic nanolithography approach, direct pattern writing was successfully demonstrated with 22 nm half-pitch at high speed. Plasmonic nanolithography uses an array of plasmonic lenses to directly pattern features on a rotating substrate. Taking the advantage of air bearing surface techniques, the system can expose the wafer pixel by pixel with a speed of ∼10 m/s, much faster than any conventional scanning based lithography system. It is a low-cost, high-throughput maskless approach for the next generation lithography and also for the emerging nanotechnology applications, such as nanoscale metrology and imaging. A critical part of the PNL is to use plasmonic lens to deliver highly concentrated optical power at nanoscale. We have demonstrated such nanoscale process and achieved 22 nm resolution. Here, we report our recent efforts of designing new plasmonic nanofocusing structures that is capable of achieving optical confinement below 20 nm which can potentially support direct patterning at sub-10nm resolution.

scholarly journals Rapid microwave activation of waste palm into hierarchical porous carbons for supercapacitors using biochars from different carbonization temperatures as catalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 19441-19449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaozheng Liu ◽  
Weimin Chen ◽  
Meichun Li ◽  
Shu Hong ◽  
Wanzhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Microwave Activation ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbons

A rapid, simple and cost-effective approach to prepare hierarchical porous carbons (PCs) for supercapacitors is reported by microwave activation of abundant and low-cost waste palm, biochar (BC) and KOH.

The role of hybrid computers in simulation and control

SIMULATION ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Specialized Technique ◽  
Hybrid Computer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

This paper discusses the present atzd futtsre of hybrid computation: Has it reached its zenith, or will it continue to develop as a powerful but specialized technique? The minicomputer has made current hybrid systems practical by providing a low-cost digital component. Unless the cost of the analog computer is reduced, the increasing power and decreasing cost of the minicomputer may severely limit future hybrid computer usage by providing an economic all-digital alternative. However, problems with alternative solution techniques indicate that for some important applications the hybrid computer will be the most cost- effective approach.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document