Prediction of Deformation Processes of Polymeric Materials Taking into Account Plastic Irreversible Deformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Demidov ◽  
Avinir G. Makarov ◽  
Nina V. Pereborova
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Textile Yarn ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Plastic Component ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Deformation Processes

The need to develop new methods for predicting the properties of polymeric materials is also justified by the goal of designing new innovative materials with the required functional properties and increased competitiveness. The classical methods for predicting deformation processes of polymeric materials are based on the numerical solution of integral constitutive equations for polymer viscoelasticity of the Boltzmann-Volterra type, which do not consider corrections for the irreversibility of the plastic component of deformation and therefore can lead to significant prediction errors. To improve the accuracy of predicting the deformation processes of polymer materials it is proposed to introduce a physically justified correction with account for the irreversibility of the plastic component of deformation. The introduction of this correction significantly increases the reliability and accuracy of predicting the functional and operational properties of polymer materials. The article suggests demonstrating the methods for predicting deformation processes with the example of the polyester textile yarn made of polyester fibers. Unlike many other synthetic fibers, the polyester ones have such important properties as structural stability, softness along with high strength, elasticity, resilience, tensile strength, crease and pilling resistance, temperature regulation, shape retention, etc. The polyester fiber has a hollow structure and its single components have the form of spiral springs which give the effect of a springy base when intertwined.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SHUNGITE ON PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
N. Klyuchnikova ◽  
A. Piskareva ◽  
K. Urvanov ◽  
S. Gordeev ◽  
I. Genov
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymeric Composite Material ◽  
Bactericidal Properties ◽  
Production Technologies

Polymers are increasingly replacing conventional materials such as wood, metals, natural fibers. This is due to a number of advantages of polymer materials over classic ones: increased chemical resistance to aggressive environments, high strength indicators and durability in the operation of products. In addition, polymeric materials are actively used in the food industry. The use of polymer packaging is reaching global proportions. Improving production technologies and formulations allows to create new polymer composites with improved properties, which gives the rapid growth of the polymer industry. In order to impart the necessary properties, fillers are introduced into the polymeric material. By introducing such additives into the polymer, it is possible to control the properties of the material obtained, for example, viscosity, density, transparency, bactericidal and other important properties. The article considers the influence of shungite on the operational properties of the finished composite based on low-pressure polyethylene. The research results showed that the composite obtained provides the highest characteristics with respect to light reflection and absorption for all wavelength regions that are important during operation, has bactericidal properties, and it has been proved that in the shungite-filled polymer, a shift in the temperature of the onset of thermal degradation towards higher temperatures is observed. The composite acquires higher operational and physico-mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Nano- and Micro-Modification of Building Reinforcing Bars of Various Types

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Rudenko ◽  
Alexander Biryukov ◽  
Oleg Kerzhentsev ◽  
Roman Fediuk ◽  
Nikolai Vatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Resistance Decrease ◽  
Composite Reinforcement

Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) rebar has drawbacks that can limit its scope, such as poor heat resistance, decrease its strength over time, and under the influence of substances with an alkaline medium, as well as the drawback of a low modulus of elasticity and deformation. Thus, the aim of the article is the nano- and micro-modification of building reinforcing bars using FRP rebars made of basalt fibers, which were impregnated with a thermosetting polymer binder with micro- or nanoparticles. The research discusses the major results of the developed composite reinforcement with the addition of micro- and nanosized particles. The microstructure of FRP has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed that dispersion-strengthened polymer composites with the inclusion of microsilica (SiO2) and nanosized aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles have a much higher modulus of elasticity and strength when compared with the original polymer materials. In the course of the experiment, we also studied the retained plastic properties that are characterized by the absence of fragility. However, it was found that the high strength of materials was attained with a particle size of 10–500 nm, evenly distributed in the matrix, with an average distance between particles of 100–500 nm. It was also exhibited that composite reinforcement had improved the adhesion characteristics in comparison with both steel reinforcement (1.5–2 times, depending on the diameter), and with traditional unmodified FRP rebar (about 1.5 times). Thus, the use of micro-/nanosized powders increased the limit of the possible temperature range for the use and application of polymeric materials by almost two times, up to 286–320 °C, which will undoubtedly expand the range of the technological applications of products made of these materials.

Possibilities of using biodegradable polymeric materials in the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Raisa A. Alekhina ◽  
Victoriya E. Slavkina ◽  
Yuliya A. Lopatina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The article presents options for recycling polymers. The use of biodegradable materials is promising. This is a special class of polymers that can decompose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions under the action of microorganisms or enzymes forming natural products such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, biomass, and inorganic salts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reviewing biodegradable materials that can be used for the manufacture of products used in agriculture. (Materials and methods) The study are based on open information sources containing information about biodegradable materials. Research methods are collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information. (Results and discussion) The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable materials, mechanical properties of the main groups of biodegradable polymers. The article provides a summary list of agricultural products that can be made from biodegradable polymer materials. It was found that products from the general group are widely used in agriculture. Authors have found that products from a special group can only be made from biodegradable polymers with a controlled decomposition period in the soil, their use contributes to increasing the productivity of crops. (Conclusions) It was found that biodegradable polymer materials, along with environmental safety, have mechanical properties that allow them producing products that do not carry significant loads during operation. We have shown that the creation of responsible products (machine parts) from biodegradable polymers requires an increase in their strength properties, which is achievable by creating composites based on them. It was found that the technological complexity of their manufacture and high cost are the limiting factors for the widespread use of biodegradable polymers at this stage.

Light-Driven Integration of Graphitic Carbon Nitride into Polymer Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Cansu Esen ◽  
Baris Kumru
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Present Contribution

As a metal-free polymeric semiconductor with an absorption in the visible range, carbon nitride has numerous advantages for photo-based applications spanning hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, ion transport, organic synthesis and organic dye degradation. The combination of g-C3N4 and polymer networks grants mutual benefit for both platforms, as networks are upgraded with photoactivity or formed by photoinitiation, and g-C3N4 is integrated into novel applications. In the present contribution, some of the recently published projects regarding g-C3N4 and polymeric materials will be highlighted. In the first study, organodispersible g-C3N4 were incorporated into a highly commercialized porous resin called poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) through suspension photopolymerization, and performances of resulting beads were investigated as recyclable photocatalysts. In the other study, g-C3N4 nanosheets were embedded in porous hydrogel networks, and so-formed hydrogels with photoactivity were transformed either into a ‘hydrophobic hydrogel’ or pore-patched materials via secondary network introduction, where both processes were accomplished via visible light. Since g-C3N4 is an organic semiconductor exhibiting sufficient charge separation under visible light illumination, a novel method for the oxidative photopolymerization of EDOT was successfully accomplished. As a result of the absence of dissolved anions during polymerization, so-formed neutral PEDOT is a highly viscous liquid that can be processed and post-doped easily, and grants facile coating processes.

scholarly journals SOME EFFECTS OF THE SVM GENERATOR ON MELTS OF METALS AND POLYMER MATERIALS

Metaphysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
V. F Panov ◽  
A. E Boyarshinov ◽  
A. V Klyuev ◽  
S. A Kurapov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Material Processing ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials

The paper presents the latest results of the effect of SVM generators on melts of metals and polymeric materials, as well as the effect on metals during heat treatment. Shown is a block diagram of an installation for SVM material processing. Made an attempt to theoretically substantiate the use of SVM generators in metallurgy based on relational physics, quantum theory, and real relativity.

scholarly journals The Reducing Approaches of Scattering Losses in Polymer Planar Optical Waveguides

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
T. Radzievskaya ◽  
N. Ivanov ◽  
S. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Scattering Losses ◽  
Planar Optical Waveguides

The article presents the development prospects of planar optical waveguides for high-speed data transmission systems optoelectronic buses by polymer materials. The advantages and disadvantages of using non-specialized polymeric materials for general use are revealed. The polymer planar optical waveguides fabrication technologies are proposed. The main losses types in planar optical waveguides, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as approaches to their reduction are determined. Using the example of PDMS polymer and soft lithography technology, the technological process critical stages of polymer planar optical waveguides production are noted, which contribute to an scattering losses increase. For each stage, algorithms are proposed to prevent an scattering losses increase. These algorithms were implemented in practice in the manufacture of layouts of polymer planar optical waveguides of the optical-electronic data transmission bus.

A room-temperature self-healing elastomer with ultra-high strength and toughness fabricated via optimized hierarchical hydrogen-bonding interactions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Xia ◽  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Hongjun Tu ◽  
wen Zeng ◽  
xiaoling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
Good Healing

The preparation of room-temperature self-healing polymeric materials with good healing efficiency and high mechanical strength is challenging. Two processes are essential to realise the room-temperature self-healing of materials: (a) a...

scholarly journals PLA Composites Reinforced with Flax and Jute Fibers—A Review of Recent Trends, Processing Parameters and Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Kiran Sanivada ◽  
Gonzalo Mármol ◽  
F. P. Brito ◽  
Raul Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Economic Price ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Multiple environmental concerns such as garbage generation, accumulation in disposal systems and recyclability are powerful drivers for the use of many biodegradable materials. Due to the new uses and requests of plastic users, the consumption of biopolymers is increasing day by day. Polylactic Acid (PLA) being one of the most promising biopolymers and researched extensively, it is emerging as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. Similarly, owing to both environmental and economic benefits, as well as to their technical features, natural fibers are arising as likely replacements to synthetic fibers to reinforce composites for numerous products. This work reviews the current state of the art of PLA compounds reinforced with two of the high strength natural fibers for this application: flax and jute. Flax fibers are the most valuable bast-type fibers and jute is a widely available plant at an economic price across the entire Asian continent. The physical and chemical treatments of the fibers and the production processing of the green composites are exposed before reporting the main achievements of these materials for structural applications. Detailed information is summarized to understand the advances throughout the last decade and to settle the basis of the next generation of flax/jute reinforced PLA composites (200 Maximum).

scholarly journals Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽  
Payman Ghassemi ◽  
Pascal Carriere ◽  
Sonil Nanda ◽  
Aymen Amine Assadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nanoscale Characterization

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.

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