Tailoring the Mechanical Properties of Al-Sn-Alloys for Tribological Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Schouwenaars ◽  
J.A. Torres ◽  
Víctor H. Jacobo ◽  
Armando Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Physical Phenomena

A 95% cold-rolled Al-20%Sn-1%Cu alloy was heat-treated in a range of temperatures and times to investigate the evolution of mechanical properties and microstructure. The most interesting combination of properties can be achieved between 300 and 400°C in a process that is simpler than what is used in industry. The physical phenomena which are active during the heat treatment are precipitation, recovery, recrystallisation and change in phase distribution due to surface tension. The former two predominate at low temperatures, while the latter achieve faster kinetics at higher temperatures, where recrystallisation is coupled to the change in morphology of the contiguous Sn-phase.

scholarly journals Effects of Post Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Ti/Cu Clad Sheet

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Chang-Suk Youn ◽  
Dong-Geun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
Clad Sheet ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
High Elongation ◽  
Cold Rolled

Titanium and titanium alloys have excellent corrosion and heat resistance, but weak electric and thermal conductivity. The weak conductivity of titanium can be overcome by cladding with copper, which has high conductivity. Although titanium is expensive, it is selected as a material suitable for applications requiring corrosion resistance such as in heat exchangers. This study was to investigate the effect of post heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the Ti/Cu cold-rolled clad plate by using the interfacial diffusion bonding. A titanium clad by cold rolling should be heat-treated after the rolling process to improve the bonding properties through the diffusion of metals and removal of residual stress due to work hardening, despite the easy formation of intermetallic compounds of Ti and Cu. As a result post-treatment, the elongation was improved by more than two times from 21% to max. 53% by the Ti-Cu interface diffusion phenomenon and the average tensile strength of the 450 °C heat-treated specimens was 353 MPa. By securing high elongation while maintaining excellent tensile and yield strength through post-treatment, the formability of Ti-Cu clad plate can be greatly improved.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Phase Distribution, and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCuFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulhan Cakmak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Heat Treated

The present paper reports the synthesis of AlCoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) with arc melting process. The as-cast alloy was heat treated at 900°C for 8 hours to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties. Microstructural and mechanical properties of the alloy were analyzed together with the detailed phase analysis of the samples. The initially as-cast sample was composed of two separate phases with BCC and FCC structures having lattice parameters of 2.901 Å and 3.651 Å, respectively. The heat-treated alloy displays microsized rod-shaped precipitates both in the matrix and within the second phase. Rietveld refinement has shown that the structure was having three phases with lattice parameters of 2.901 Å (BCC), 3.605 Å (FCC1), and 3.667 Å (FCC2). The resulting phases and distribution of phases were also confirmed with the TEM methods. The alloys were characterized mechanically with the compression and hardness tests. The yield strength, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness of the as-cast alloy are 1317 ± 34 MPa, 1833 ± 45 MPa, and 448 ± 25 Hv, respectively. Heat treatment decreases the hardness values to 419 ± 26 Hv. The maximum compressive stress of the alloy increased to 2123 + 41 MPa while yield strength decreased to 1095 ± 45 with the treatment.

scholarly journals Shape Memory and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Fe-17Mn-5Si-5Cr-4Ni-1Ti-0.3C Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Dohyung Kim ◽  
Kinam Hong ◽  
Jeesoo Sim ◽  
Junghoon Lee ◽  
Wookjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Annealing Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Annealing Heat

In the present study, the shape, memory, and mechanical properties of cold-rolled and annealed Fe-17Mn-5Si-5Cr-4Ni-1Ti-0.3C (wt.%) alloy were investigated. The cold-rolled alloy was annealing heat-treated at different temperatures in the range of 500–900 °C for 30 min. The shape recovery behavior of the alloy was investigated using strip bending test followed by recovery heating. The microstructural evolution and the stress-strain response of the alloy heat-treated at different temperatures revealed that the recovery took place at a heat-treatment temperature higher than 600 °C. Recrystallization occurred when the heat-treatment temperature was higher than 800 °C. Meaningful shape recovery was observed only when the alloy was annealed at temperatures higher than 600 °C. The highest recovery strain of up to 2.56% was achieved with a pre-strain of 5.26% and recovery heating temperature of 400 °C, when the alloy was heat-treated at 700 °C. Conversely, the yield strength reduced significantly with increasing annealing heat-treatment temperature. The experimental observations presented in this paper provide a guideline for post-annealing heat-treatment when a good compromise between mechanical property and shape recovery performance is required.

scholarly journals Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Grain Size, and Mechanical Properties of the Alloy-800H Rotary Friction Weld Joints

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Saqib Anwar ◽  
Ateekh Ur Rehman ◽  
Yusuf Usmani ◽  
Ali M. Al-Samhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Alloy 800H ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Friction Weld

This study evaluated the microstructure, grain size, and mechanical properties of the alloy 800H rotary friction welds in as-welded and post-weld heat-treated conditions. The standards for the alloy 800H not only specify the composition and mechanical properties but also the minimum grain sizes. This is because these alloys are mostly used in creep resisting applications. The dynamic recrystallization of the highly strained and plasticized material during friction welding resulted in the fine grain structure (20 ± 2 µm) in the weld zone. However, a small increase in grain size was observed in the heat-affected zone of the weldment with a slight decrease in hardness compared to the base metal. Post-weld solution heat treatment (PWHT) of the friction weld joints increased the grain size (42 ± 4 µm) in the weld zone. Both as-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated friction weld joints failed in the heat-affected zone during the room temperature tensile testing and showed a lower yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the base metal. A fracture analysis of the failed tensile samples revealed ductile fracture features. However, in high-temperature tensile testing, post-weld solution heat-treated joints exhibited superior elongation and strength compared to the as-welded joints due to the increase in the grain size of the weld metal. It was demonstrated in this study that the minimum grain size requirement of the alloy 800H friction weld joints could be successfully met by PWHT with improved strength and elongation, especially at high temperatures.

Application of Tailored Heat Treated Blanks under Quasi Series Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Uwe Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Tailored Heat Treated Blanks (THTB) are blanks that exhibit locally different strength specifically optimized for the succeeding forming process. The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, THTB allow enhancing forming limits significantly leading to shorter and more robust manufacture process chains. In order to qualify the use of THTB under quasi series conditions, the interdependencies of the blank’s local heat treatment and the entire process chain of the car body manufacture have to be analyzed. In this respect, the impact of a short-term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AA6181PX, a commonly used aluminum alloy in today’s car bodies, was studied. Also the influence of a short-term heat treatment on the coil lubricant, usually already applied by the material supplier, was given a closer look. Based on these experiments process restrictions for the application of THTB in an industrial automotive environment were derived and a process window for the THTB design was set up. In conclusion, strategies were defined how to enhance the found process boundaries leading to a more robust process window.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Black Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer) Production Using Ginseng Stored at Low Temperature after Harvest

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Hyo Bin Oh ◽  
Ji Won Lee ◽  
Da Eun Lee ◽  
Soo Chang Na ◽  
Da Eun Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Black Ginseng

Ginseng processing often involves multiple drying and heat treatments. Ginseng is typically processed within one week of harvesting or is stored at low temperatures to prevent spoilage. Black ginseng (BG) is manufactured by repeating the heat treatment and drying process of ginseng several times. We compared the suitability of low-temperature stored ginseng (SG) and harvested ginseng (HG) as the components for black ginseng production. SG and HG were processed into black ginseng and the appearance change, free sugar content, and benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) content were observed. Appearance observations showed the SG to be suitable in terms of quality when heat-treated at a temperature of 95 ℃ or higher. The BAP content of the SG increased significantly as the steaming process was repeated. A maximum BAP concentration of 5.31 ± 1.12 μg/kg was measured in SG steamed from 2 to 5 times, making it unsuitable for processing into BG. SG and HG showed similar trends in the content of sucrose, fructose, and glucose during steaming. This study aimed to facilitate the proper choice of base material to improve the safety of black ginseng by limiting BAP production during processing.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Pulkin Gupta ◽  
Sudha Kumari ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Ankit Kumar Sinha ◽  
Prashant Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % ( ε ) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstrudture and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Prepared by Solid-State Recycling

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Shu Yan Wu ◽  
Ze Sheng Ji ◽  
Chun Ying Tian ◽  
Ming Zhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Az31b Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Elongation To Failure ◽  
Strength And Ductility

This work is to study the influence of heat treatment on microstrudture and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy prepared by solid -state recycling. AZ31B magnesium alloy chips were recycled by hot extruding. Three different heat treatments were conducted for recycled alloy. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the recycled specimen and heat treated specimen were investigated. 300°C×2h annealing specimen exhibits finer grain due to static recrystallization, and microstructure of 400°C×2h annealing specimen becomes more coarse. 300°C×2h annealing treatment improves obviously strength and ductility of recycled alloy. Ultimate tensile strength of alloy decreases and elongation to failure increases after 400°C×2h annealing. Grain size, dislocation density and bonding of chips have an effect on the elongation of recycled materials. 190°C×8h ageing has no influence on microstructure and mechanical properties of recycled alloy.

scholarly journals Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures; Correlation between Post Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Guercio ◽  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Abdollah Saboori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Additive Manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a Computer-Aided Design model in a layer-by-layer manner. Lattice structures as one of the complex geometries could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures' mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by EBM was analyzed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures' relative density was the main factor influencing their mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.

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