Coating of Liquid Wood Sheets

Liquid wood is one of the newly discovered green polymer materials, being a biodegradable and recyclable thermoplastic, made from cellulose, lignin and natural additives, currently used in commerce as ARBOFIL, ARBOROM and ARBOBLEND. The applications of this material (aeronautics, automotive, construction, consumer goods etc.) are limited by two major drawbacks: higher weight compared to ordinary plastic materials and low melting point (≈ 175° C). In this work was studied the possibility of changing some mechanical and thermal properties of this material by applying superficial coatings. For this process were prepared specimens from two types of material: ARBOBLEND and ARBOFIL. The resulted samples were analyzed in terms of microstructural changes both longitudinally (in order to evaluate the quality of the deposited layer) and on cross section (in order to evaluate the changes produced at the interface substrate - coating). For this purpose were used the QUANTA 200 3D (FEI, Holland, 2009) scanning electron microscope and the X`PERT PROMD diffractometer (Panalitycal, Holland, 2009). Using the UMTR 2M-CTR Micro-tribometer were evaluated the elasticity modulus of the coatings through microindentation and its adhesion to the substrate through scratch method, applied both longitudinally and on cross section.

Download Full-text

Recycling of a Biodegradable Polymer Blend

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12102297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2297

Author(s):

Francesco Paolo La Mantia ◽

Luigi Botta ◽

Maria Chiara Mistretta ◽

Antonino Di Fiore ◽

Vincenzo Titone

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Biodegradable Polymer ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Mechanical Recycling ◽

Final Performance ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Dry And Wet Conditions ◽

Recycled Material

Mechanical recycling is one of the possible ways to enhance the value of postconsumer plastic materials. However, the final performance of the recycled material will strongly depend on the quality of the selection made on the recycled product and on the degradation of the properties. In this context, the present study examines the effect of reprocessing for five successive extrusion cycles on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)-based blend on samples reprocessed in both dry and wet conditions. The results showed that when the sample was processed after drying, degradation of the material was less than when it was processed in wet conditions. However, the experimental results showed that the decrease of rheological and mechanical properties was not so dramatic, and therefore the material could be reused in both cases.

Download Full-text

APPLICATION OF EARTH AND STRAW MIXTURES IN MODERN BUILDING

Archives for Technical Sciences ◽

10.7251/afts.2016.0815.041h ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (15) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Hegediš ◽

Neđo Đurić ◽

Arpad Čeh ◽

Golub Karaman ◽

Danilo Vunjak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Wooden Frame ◽

Energy Consumption Reduction ◽

Consumption Reduction ◽

Modern Building

Building with earth is widespread and still mostly based on traditional experiences. Increasing demandsin energy consumption reduction during the construction and exploitation of buildings put more andmore in the focus the good features of houses built with earth.Testing of earth mixtures with othernatural materials showed that it can get even a quality of bricks, which indicates the lack of appropriatestandards for this type of construction.Testing are performed with mixes of earth and straw intended forrammed earth and adobe construction.This method of preparation and construction applies in alternate construction with straw bales and it isalso used in the construction of prefabricated panels with wooden frame filled with a mixture earth andstraw where it is possible to build prefabricated structures or as a filling of wall screens in skeletalstructural system of larger dimensions and number of floors.Laboratory tests have shown that the mechanical and thermal properties of this material fulfilled thehigh demands for the construction of modern buildings. Based on the presented results it can proceedthe development and testing of structural elements for that kind of building.Also, based on results, in the article the authors presented possibilities of architectural design ofvarious building possibilities of objects, as practical examples of prefabrication applied in somecountries.

Download Full-text

Tough Materials Through Ionic Interactions

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.721656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Linda Salminen ◽

Erno Karjalainen ◽

Vladimir Aseyev ◽

Heikki Tenhu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Ion Pairs ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Shape Stability ◽

Chemical Crosslinks ◽

Unique Approach

This article introduces butyl acrylate-based materials that are toughened with dynamic crosslinkers. These dynamic crosslinkers are salts where both the anion and cation polymerize. The ion pairs between the polymerized anions and cations form dynamic crosslinks that break and reform under deformation. Chemical crosslinker was used to bring shape stability. The extent of dynamic and chemical crosslinking was related to the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. Furthermore, the dependence of the material properties on different dynamic crosslinkers—tributyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C4ASA) and trihexyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C6ASA)—was studied. The materials’ mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dynamic crosslinks strengthened the materials considerably. Chemical crosslinks decreased the elasticity of the materials but did not significantly affect their strength. Comparison of the two ionic crosslinkers revealed that changing the crosslinker from C4ASA to C6ASA results in more elastic, but slightly weaker materials. In conclusion, dynamic crosslinks provide substantial enhancement of mechanical properties of the materials. This is a unique approach that is utilizable for a wide variety of polymer materials.

Download Full-text

Effect of Kevlar Fiber and Nano Sio2 on Mechanical Andthermal Properties of Hybrid Composites

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/370303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 531-540

Author(s):

P.S. Yadav ◽

Rajesh Purohit ◽

Anil Kothari ◽

R. S. Rajput

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Hybrid Composite ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Nano Sio2 ◽

Kevlar Fiber ◽

Heat Deflection Temperature ◽

Scanning Electron

The aim of the current investigation is an analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/ nano-silica/ Kevlar fiber hybrid composites. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted hand layup process was used for the preparation of composite with different weight percentages (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of Nano SiO2 particles and 2 layers of the Kevlar fiber. For the evolution of mechanical properties tensile tests, hardness tests, impact tests, and flexural tests were done. For evaluation of morphological analysis Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-RD, and FT-IR tests were performed. A heat deflection temperature test was performed for the evaluation of the thermal characteristic of the hybrid composite. The results show the improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid composite with increasing wt.% of nano SiO2 particles in the hybrid composites. As per the observation of experimental results, the Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction test also show the enhancement of surface morphology and chemical structure of hybrid composites. The heat diffraction test shows the improvement of thermal resistance and heat absorption capability.As per the observation of experimental results, the tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength increased up to 98%, 16%, and 42% respectively. The flexural test shows the improvement of flexural modulus and stresses 46% and 35% respectively. The heat deflection temperature of hybrid composite improves up to 30%.

Download Full-text

Morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of PP/SEBS/talc composites

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705719876678 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 089270571987667 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carlos Ivan Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽

Marisa Cristina Guimarães Rocha ◽

Joaquim Teixeira de Assis ◽

Ana Lúcia Nazareth da Silva

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

Screw Extruder ◽

Crystallinity Degree ◽

Twin Screw ◽

The Impact ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Nucleating Effect

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of some experimental variables such as the content of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) and talc, processing conditions and mixing protocol on the properties of polypropylene (PP). To achieve this objective, PP/SEBS blends and PP/SEBS/talc composites were processed in a corotating twin-screw extruder. A masterbatch of PP/talc was prepared before the extrusion of PP/SEBS/talc composites. The morphology of blends and composites was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed the dispersion of small rubber droplets in the PP matrix. Moreover, the micrographs also showed that SEBS and talc particles were uniformly dispersed and distributed in the polymer matrix. Results of thermal properties showed that talc had a nucleating effect, which promoted the increase of both PP crystallization temperature and crystallinity degree. The incorporation of talc in PP/SEBS blends led to an expressive increase in the impact resistance by 70% as compared with the reference blend: PP/SEBS 80/20% (w/w). This result reveals that although the PP/SEBS/talc composites showed a separated morphology, the good dispersion and distribution of this mineral filler in the polymers contributed to avoid crack propagation and increase the impact properties. The tensile properties in the elastic region were not significantly affected.

Download Full-text

Experience in Manufacturing Titanium Alloy Forgins in VIAM Plant Conditions

Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University Series Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.18698/0236-3941-2021-1-133-155 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 133-155

Author(s):

O.S. Kashapov ◽

T.V. Pavlova ◽

V.S. Kalashnikov ◽

K.G. Lysov

Keyword(s):

Titanium Alloy ◽

Thermomechanical Treatment ◽

Cross Section ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Term Strength ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Strength ◽

Research Show ◽

Scanning Electron

The purpose of the study was to reveal the effect of various technological aspects of manufacturing titanium alloy ВТ8 (VT8) forgings under isothermal conditions on a press with a force of 1600 kN. The starting material was OST 1 90266--86 and OST 1 90107--73 VT8 (ВТ8) alloy bars. For the forgings obtained from these rods, the score and background of the macrostructure, the type of microstructure, short-term strength, elongation, contraction and impact toughness at room temperature were determined. For forgings made from an OST 1 90266--86 bar, the effect of thermomechanical treatment on the level of properties was additionally evaluated, namely, half of the forging was recalibrated. The microstructure of the forgings which were made by thermomechanical treatment and aged was additionally investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Findings of research show a direct dependence of the quality of the final semi-finished product on the quality of the original bar. It has been established that lowering the punching temperature to the level of Tpp -- 150 °С leads to insufficient development of the structure of the deformed material over the cross section, and results in the presence of large grains from the initial bar. So, on forgings made from an OST 1 90266--86 bar, the following level of mechanical properties was achieved: σv ≥ 1000 MPa, δ ≥ 11 %, ψ ≥ 20 %, KCU ≥ 40.3 J / cm2

Download Full-text

Assessment of the Electrostatic Separation Effectiveness of Plastic Waste Using a Vision System

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20247201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 7201

Author(s):

Dominik Rybarczyk ◽

Cezary Jędryczka ◽

Roman Regulski ◽

Dariusz Sędziak ◽

Krzysztof Netter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vision System ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Separation Process ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Electrostatic Separation ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

First Results ◽

Mechanical Separation ◽

Separation Of Mixtures

The work presented here describes the first results of an effective method of assessing the quality of electrostatic separation of mixtures of polymer materials. The motivation for the research was to find an effective method of mechanical separation of plastic materials and a quick assessment of the effectiveness of the method itself. The proposed method is based on the application of a dedicated vision system developed for needs of research on electrostatic separation. The effectiveness of the elaborated system has been demonstrated by evaluating the quality of the separation of mixtures of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). The obtained results show that the developed vision system can be successfully employed in the research on plastic separation, providing a fast and accurate method of assessing the purity and effectiveness of the separation process.

Download Full-text

Effects of surfactants on mechanical and thermal properties of soy-based polyurethane foams

Journal of Cellular Plastics ◽

10.1177/0021955x20912200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 611-629

Author(s):

Gurjot S Dhaliwal ◽

Sudharshan Anandan ◽

Mousumi Bose ◽

K Chandrashekhara ◽

Paul Nam

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Mineral Wool ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Polystyrene Foam ◽

Blowing Agent ◽

Fold Reduction ◽

High Insulation ◽

Extruded Polystyrene Foam ◽

Scanning Electron

Polyurethane foams are widely used for insulation applications due to their high insulation properties as compared to conventional materials such as extruded polystyrene foam and mineral wool. In this study, soy-based polyurethane foams were prepared using five different surfactants while keeping other components such as soy-based polyol, diisocyanate, catalyst, and blowing agent (water) constant. Prepared samples were tested for mechanical and thermal properties to evaluate the effect of different surfactants used in varying quantities. The morphology of the foam samples was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Seventeen fold reduction in the cell size was observed with an increase in the amount of surfactant from 0.5 to 5.0 g. Samples with higher amounts of surfactant also exhibited a higher number of closed cells. Better thermal insulation was observed for samples with 2.0 and 5.0 g of surfactant as compared to samples with 0.5 g of surfactant. A similar trend was observed in the mechanical strength, moisture absorbance, and density of the fabricated foam samples.

Download Full-text

Irradiated rubber composite with nano and micro fillers for mining rock application

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2018-2989 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (8) ◽

pp. 737-753

Author(s):

Hanan M. Eyssa ◽

Wael S. Mohamed ◽

Mai M. El-Zayat

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Field Emission ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract In this work, nanosilica and micro carbon black (CB) as a fillers were used to improve the properties of styrene butadiene rubber/natural rubber blends (SBR/NR) crosslinked by γ radiation. Nanosilica was prepared from silica sand and used as eco-friendly material. These composites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the measurements of the physic-mechanical and thermal properties were measured. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the composites reinforced by nanosilica and the measurements of the CB are uniformly dispersed in the blends matrix. The results showed that the physico-mechanical and thermal properties were improved indicating a good interaction between the fillers and rubber matrix. The volume fraction measurements confirmed the formation of crosslinking network structure. Meanwhile, the reinforcement of SBR/NR blend loaded with nanosilica showed improved mechanical than blend loaded with both the nanosilica/carbon black and the CB alone. The highest enhancement was obtained for the three fillers by using a concentration of 35 phr at a dose of 150 kGy of γ-irradiation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the thermal stability of SBR/NR blend reinforced by nanosilica is higher than those blends reinforced with combined filler the silica. It was also found that the irradiated SBR/NR nanocomposites were more stable than the un-irradiated ones.

Download Full-text

Investigate the influence of Polypropylene as fine Aggregate Replacement on the mechanical and thermal properties of the concrete mix

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21782 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Keihani ◽

Ali Bahadori-Jahromi

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Industrial Sectors ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Fine Aggregates ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

The Impact

The consumption of natural resources in various industrial sectors has caused significant environmental issues to the atmosphere through emission and energy cost due to the extraction and transportation of the materials, along with the availability and long-term damage to the natural resources. In order to address this issue, various solutions have been provided to reduce the amount of consumed natural resources by replacing them with alternative materials such as plastic waste and plastic, as a burden to the environment, is one of those materials being well explored by other researchers due to its worldwide applications and destructive impacts on nature.The industrial sectors, as massive consumers of natural resources and producers of plastic waste, have shown a continuous responsibility towards innovative alternatives for natural resources. In this regard, plastic materials such as Polyvinyl, Polystyrene, Polyethylene and Polypropylene have been investigated to replace coarse and fine aggregates in the construction without compromising the performance of the concrete mix.This study aims to investigate the influence of Polypropylene as a fine aggregate replacement on the compressive and tensile strength of concrete cylinder samples after 28 days of curing and assess the impact of temperature on thermal properties of the 28 days cured samples.

Download Full-text