scholarly journals TEORIE E REALTA' NEL MONDO DELL'ECONOMIA QUANTITATIVA

Author(s):  
Alberto Quadrio Curzio

Riassunto. – La scienza economica e la realtà economica si muovono insieme, in quanto la prima si propone di spiegare la seconda, attraverso l’interpretazione del passato e del presente, cercando di governare il presente stesso, anticipando e cercando di governare il suo futuro. La scienza economica ha lo scopo di conoscere la realtà economica per accrescere il controllo umano su di essa. Per questo aspetti positivi e normativi sono parte della natura della scienza economica, in quanto regole e piani di azione e di controllo. Il quesito se la scienza economica sia più vicina alle scienze matematiche, o alle scienze morali, o alle empiriche, è stato oggetto di discussione da molto tempo. Non è questo il luogo per iniziare nuovamente una simile interessante discussione, ma si può affermare che la scienza economica possiede il suo proprio metodo, che si avvale di altre scienze e altri metodi che sono meglio adatti a problemi particolari. Ma in definitiva la scienza economica ha i suoi propri metodi che includono simultaneamente almeno tre elementi:(i) elementi teorico-analitici;(ii) elementi stilizzati dei fatti economici (elementi teorico-fattuali);(iii) elementi di politica economica (elementi teorico-normativi).Pertanto, se per scienza economica intendiamo un sistema “completo” di conoscenza allora possiamo dire che tre elementi parziali, complementari e necessari contribuiscono a tale costruzione: quelli teorico-analitici; quelli teorico-fattuali; quelli teorico-normativi. Il riferimento all’attributo ‘teorico’ mostra la loro generalità, mentre la specificazione (analitico, empirico, normativo) mostra la loro incompletezza. Tale “definizione” è consistente con le linee generali di pensiero che definiscono la scienza economica come un insieme di teorie, modelli, teoremi in cui metodi diversi (teorico-analitici, teorico-fattuali, teorico-normativi) e strumenti diversi (matematici, econometrici, storici, logici, analogico-acquisitivi presi da altre scienze, ecc.) hanno contribuito con ruoli diversi alla loro specificazione e costruzione, al fine di comprendere e controllare i fatti economici. In quanto segue vedremo come gli elementi sopra richiamati e, in particolare, gli strumenti analitici hanno aiutato a definire alcune fra le più importanti teorie generali dell’economia. Cercheremo inoltre di spiegare quali problemi oggi hanno bisogno di essere risolti per evitare la frammentazione di questa scienza unitaria, in quanto se tale già forte frammentazione aumentasse, allora l’economia fallirebbe nel suo scopo principale, che è spiegare e cercare di governare la realtà.***Abstract.– Economic science and economic reality move on together as the first mainly aims at explaining the second, by interpreting its past and the present, trying to rule the present itself, anticipating and trying to rule its future. Economic science aims at knowing economic reality in order to increase human control over it. That is why positive and normative aspects, being these latter rules and plans of action and control, are part of what economic science is about. The question whether economic science is closer to the mathematical sciences, moral sciences or empirical ones has been discussed for a long time. This is not the place to start such an interesting discussion again, but let us just assert that economic science does have its own method, which also borrows from other sciences and other methods that better suit particular problems. But at the end economic science has its own methods which include at least three elements simultaneously:(i) analytical-theoretical elements;(ii) stylized elements of economic facts (factual-theoretical elements);(iii) policy elements (normative-theoretical elements).Then, if by economic science we mean a ‘complete’ system of cognitions, we can say that three partial, complementary and necessary elements contribute to such a construction: the analytical-theoretical ones; the factual-theoretical ones; the normative-theoretical ones. The reference to the “theoretical” attribute shows their generality, while the specification (empirical, analytical, normative) shows their non-completeness. Such “definition” is consistent with the general lines of thought defining economic science as a set of theories, models, theorems where different methods (analytical-theoretical; factual-theoretical; normative-theoretical) and different tools (mathematical, econometric, historical, logical, analogic-acquisitive from other sciences, etc.) have contributed with variab1e roles to their specification and construction to understand and control economic facts. In what follows we will see the way the afore-mentioned elements and, in particular, the analytical tools have helped in defining some of the most important general theories in economics. We will try also to explain which problems nowadays need to be solved to avoid the fragmentation of such a unitary science as, if such already strong fragmentation increase, economics would fail in its main purpose, which is to explain and try to rule reality. 

Sensi Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
Ilamsyah Ilamsyah ◽  
Yulianto Yulianto ◽  
Tri Vita Febriani

The right and appropriate system of receiving and transferring goods is needed by the company. In the process of receiving and transferring goods from the central warehouse to the branch warehouse at PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja, Tangerang Regency, which is currently done manually is still ineffective and inaccurate because the Head of Subdivision uses receipt documents, namely PPBP and mutation of goods, namely MPPW in the form of paper as a submission media. The Head of Subdivision enters the data of receipt and mutation of goods manually and requires a relatively long time because at the time of demand for the transfer of goods the Head of Subdivision must check the inventory of goods in the central warehouse first. Therefore, it is necessary to hold a design of information systems for the receipt and transfer of goods from the central warehouse to a web-based branch warehouse that is already database so that it is more effective, efficient and accurate. With the web-based system of receiving and transferring goods that are already datatabed, it can facilitate the Head of Subdivision in inputing data on the receipt and transfer of goods and control of stock inventory so that the Sub Head of Subdivision can do it periodically to make it more effective, efficient and accurate. The method of data collection is done by observing, interviewing and studying literature from various previous studies, while the system analysis method uses the Waterfall method which aims to solve a problem and uses design methods with visual modeling that is object oriented with UML while programming using PHP and MySQL as a database.


Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Shahrooz Rahmati ◽  
William Doherty ◽  
Arman Amani Babadi ◽  
Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor ◽  
Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli ◽  
...  

The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.


Author(s):  
Л.Д. Александрова ◽  
Р.А. Богачева ◽  
Т.А. Чекалина ◽  
М.В. Максимова ◽  
В.И. Тимонина

Изучение возможностей мозга для повышения качества обучения находится в центре внимания педагогической науки уже много лет. Развитие цифровизации позволило использовать в исследованиях специальное оборудование, с помощью которого можно оценивать и контролировать работу мозга, развивать умственные способности, познавательные функции и т. п. Нейротехнологии стали эффективным средством, позволяющим трансформировать образовательный процесс за счет подбора специального учебного контента с учетом индивидуальных особенностей обучающихся. Вместе с тем возникает необходимость в конкретизации терминологии и определении актуальных направлений исследований в данной области. For a long time, the study of the brain capabilities for the improvement of the quality of education has been an urgent direction in pedagogical science. Due to the development of digitalization, new areas of research have emerged related to the use of special equipment that makes it possible to assess and control brainwork, develop mental abilities, cognitive functions, etc. One of them is neurotechnology, which is an effective means of transforming the educational process: it offers educational content based on the individual characteristics of students. Thus, a need to concretize the terminology and determine the current research areas arises. The article aims to attempt to fill this gap with the help of a representative analysis of publications on neurotechnologies, as well as the essence of neuroeducation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503-1507
Author(s):  
Tatijana Ashtalkoska-Baloska ◽  
Aleksandra Srbinovska-Doncevski

Money laundering its serious problem which threatens global financial system for a long time, hence measures against money laundering are part of one global system of criminal justice and policy against transnational organized crime, starting with predicting actions as criminal offences, precision its basic elements, giving priority of property sanctions and measures as a part of penal policy against this type of crime, but also finding new mechanism, in a way of detection and procedure of these illicit actions. This notion covers various activities directed against legalization of money acquired with committing crime, and therefore the center of injustice is exactly in covering criminal origin of money and including in legal financial flows. Although, in terms of detection and combating of this phenomenon, apart from the basic criminal offense, the money laundering operation itself and the predicate act often constitute a problem with regard to processing, which, if is not proved can constitute an additional obstacle of the procedure against the basic offence, as well as seizure of funds that are illegally obtained through such criminal activities. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of building a global anti-money laundering system containing legislative measures as a first step in the control of money laundering and institutional restructuring for the effective enforcement of the existing criminal legislation. Criminalization and control of money laundering is complemented by confiscation of property and property gain acquired by such criminal activity, as measure which should enable reduction of financial power of criminal offenders and possibility of further committing of crime.


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Rossi ◽  
Shadi Jafari ◽  
Claude Desplan

During the approximately 5 days of Drosophila neurogenesis (late embryogenesis to the beginning of pupation), a limited number of neural stem cells produce approximately 200,000 neurons comprising hundreds of cell types. To build a functional nervous system, neuronal types need to be produced in the proper places, appropriate numbers, and correct times. We discuss how neural stem cells (neuroblasts) obtain so-called area codes for their positions in the nervous system (spatial patterning) and how they keep time to sequentially produce neurons with unique fates (temporal patterning). We focus on specific examples that demonstrate how a relatively simple patterning system (Notch) can be used reiteratively to generate different neuronal types. We also speculate on how different modes of temporal patterning that operate over short versus long time periods might be linked. We end by discussing how specification programs are integrated and lead to the terminal features of different neuronal types. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ahmet Uzun ◽  
Latif Aydos ◽  
Metin Kaya ◽  
H. Ahmet Pekel ◽  
Ulunay Kanatli

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of playing soccer for a long time in for professional soccer players regarding sole pressure. Despite the increasing prevalence of new methods developed in the footpad pressure measurement in recent years, our knowledge about pressure distribution of the footplate is still insufficient, especially for sportsmen (Ford et al., 2006). Plantar pressure analysis system (EMED-SF) was used in the study. Statistically significant differences between the study groups were examined using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. According to the results of the research, there was no statistical difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of physical characteristics. However, significant results were found at (0.01-0.05) level in the beginning and grand total of heel medial, heel lateral, 1,2,3,4,5 metatars in the maximal force comparisons applied to the right and left foot contact area and the floor.


2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
童童 李 ◽  
艳 李 ◽  
莉 潘 ◽  
倩 黄 ◽  
喆 王

目的:探讨团体心理咨询对大学生自尊提升的干预效果以及内在影响机制。方法:招募18 名大学生为研究对象,采用实验组与控制组前后测量的实验设计,实验组接受为期6 周的自尊提升团体心理咨询,使用自尊量表、人际关系综合诊断量表和大五人格量表进行测试。结果:团体心理咨询后,实验组被试的自尊水平提高[(32.67±3.12)vs.(29.33±3.24), p< 0.001],人际关系综合诊断量表总分[(6.62±3.66)vs.(12.00±5.27), p< 0.001] 及人际关系维度分数[(2.11±1.36)vs.(4.00±1.94),p= 0.009] 下降,大五人格问卷外倾性[(3.51±0.31)vs.(3.30±0.41) ,p= 0.002] 与责任心[(3.65±0.34)vs.(3.43±0.35) ,p= 0.026] 分数提高。结论:团体心理咨询对大学生自尊提升的干预有效,这一干预效应存在潜在的长期效应,其内在机制可能是人际关系困扰的降低;自尊提升能够内化成为个体人格外倾性的一部分。 Objectives: This study is focused on a six-week group psychological guidance to enhance self-esteem and to explore its intrinsic mechanism. Methods:Totally 18 students were randomly assigned to one of two group: experimental group(n=9) and control group(n=9). The experimental group received six-week training program to enhance self-esteem, as compared as control group who received only baseline and post-six-week measurement which included the self-esteem scale,the interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnosis scale, and the Big Five personality scale. Results: After the training program, the experimental group’s selfesteem was improved [(32.67±3.12)vs.(29.33±3.24)], total score[(6.62±3.66)vs.(12.00±5.27)] and inter-personal communication[(2.11±1.36) vs.(4.00±1.94)] score of the interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnosisscale were declined, and score of extraversion[(3.51±0.31)vs.(3.30±0.41)] and conscientiousness[(3.65±0.34)vs.(3.43±0.35)] were increased. Conclusion: It proves that group psychological guidance could enhance students’ self-esteem for a long time, and self-esteem could be a part of personality. The most important is that the improvement of relationship skills could explain why group psychological guidance could enhance self-esteem.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Huan Song ◽  
Yongguang Hu ◽  
Yongzong Lu ◽  
Jizhang Wang ◽  
Qingming Pan ◽  
...  

Severe frost usually has adverse impacts on agricultural production, resulting in crop freeze injury, poor crop yield, and crop quality reduction. Timely and accurate detection of frost plays an important role in cold damage warnings, prevention, and control. Current frost detection methods mostly use physical properties such as light, electricity, and heat, or the judge and quantify using environmental factors such as temperature and wind speed. However, it is difficult to detect and accurately identify the frosting phenomenon in real time during field trials because of the complex environment, different plant types, and interference by many factors during observation. To provide an overview of the analytical tools for scientists, researchers, and product developers, a review and comparative analysis of the available literature on frost mechanisms, correlations, and characteristics are presented in this study. First, the mechanisms of the frost formation process, frost level, and the significance of detection, are introduced. Then, the methods and techniques used to measure frost on plant surfaces are synthetically classified and further compared. Moreover, the key points and difficulties are summarized and discussed. Finally, some constructive methods of frost detection are proposed to improve the frost detection process.


Author(s):  
Indra Setiawan ◽  
Humiras Hardi Purba ◽  
Fransisca Debora

The Six Sigma approach has received a lot of attention in various industrial sectors from the manufacturing industry to the service industry. More specific knowledge about Six Sigma has grown rapidly. Much of the training and research on Six Sigma is carried out in various industries and university. This literature review related to Six Sigma purpose to provide an overview of Six Sigma implementation in the manufacturing industries.  The Six Sigma approach that has been introduced and implemented for a long time is DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). This paper discusses the published literature related to Six Sigma ranging from 2015 to 2020. This paper involves the study review of 50 papers related to the implementation of Six Sigma of known database search including Elsevier, Science Direct, Emerald Insight and Google Scholars. This literature review contains results from a variety of different perspectives. The perspective includes the focus of the industry, the focus of the number of distribution by country, the focus of the year of publication and the focus of the number of publishers. In fact, this is useful for all types of manufacturing industries to find solutions to problems. The paper also provides advantages for researchers next to add to the literature.


2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram S. Sriram ◽  
Vairam Arunachalam ◽  
Daniel M. Ivancevich

In recent years, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has revolutionized the way in which businesses conduct their trading activities. Even though the popularity and potential attached to EDI is growing rapidly, knowledge regarding the nature of EDI benefits and EDI control practices is very limited. This paper reports the results of a survey of EDI users that explores these key implementation issues. This study focuses on organizational factors that are associated with EDI adoption and implementation. Findings indicate that organizations experience both operational and strategic benefits from EDI. Customer-initiated EDI users recognized slightly greater EDI strategic benefits than did other users. Also, long-time users recognized both strategic and operational benefits in greater proportions than did more recent users, and smaller firms more often cited better customer service and convenience (as strategic and operational benefits, respectively) from implementing EDI. An examination of control practices revealed that while some basic procedures such as passwords and logs are widely used, the overall EDI control structure is typically weak. The role of management support and awareness and the implications for the management and control of EDI are also discussed.


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