scholarly journals A community-based prediabetes knowledge assessment among Saudi adults in Al-Ahsa region, 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essa AlSaleh ◽  
Morad Alnaser ◽  
Ali Alsalman ◽  
Abdullah ALRamdhan ◽  
Husein Alsalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reversible Condition

Background: Prediabetes has been considered to be a reversible condition; a modification of lifestyle and other intervention can be successfully applied during the prediabetes period to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to assess knowledge of prediabetes and its risk factors for the community in the Al-Ahsa region.Design and method: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in the Al-Ahsa region from mid-to-late December 2018. A sample size of 812 was determined using a single-proportion formula.Results: Of the 812 respondents who gave consent to participate in the interview; the male to female ratio was 1.1:1. 13.2% of the respondents reported that they had diabetes. Among the respondents, 87.1% had a high level of knowledge of prediabetes, while 12.9% had low-to-moderate knowledge. 84% of males 40 years of age or older, 88.7% (384) of people with university or higher education, and 95.1% (78) of people who worked as health practitioners had high knowledge of prediabetes.Overall, there was a statistically significant association between age and prediabetes knowledge (𝑥2 =5.006, p=0.025). Occupation also showed a significant statistical association with prediabetes knowledge (𝑥2 =9.85, p=0.02). Conclusion: Knowledge is considered an important factor in the prevention of prediabetes and diabetes. People in Al-Ahsa demonstrated a high level of knowledge regarding some risk factors for prediabetes. However, there were a number of deficiencies in the knowledge of prediabetes risk factors and preventive measures as well as in general knowledge of prediabetes, which may lead to a high prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes.

scholarly journals Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Zat Besi Berdasarkan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Fitriana Ikhtiarinawati Fajrin ◽  
Ayu Erisniwati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

<p>One of the factors causing the high prevalence of anemia is the low compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron during pregnancy. The compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron during pregnancy cannot be separated from the level of knowledge that pregnant women have. This study aims to analyze the relationship between compliance with iron tablet consumption and the level of knowledge of pregnant women. This type of research is an analytical study with a survey method with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted on July 1-August 15, 2020, which was conducted at BPS Ernawati, Laren District, Lamongan Regency, with 21 respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. Data analysis used fisher exact correlation test. Based on the results of the study, it showed that the majority had less knowledge about the importance of consuming iron tablets, namely as many as 10 respondents (47,6%). The majority of respondents did not comply with the consumption of iron tablets (57,1%). The majority of respondents with insufficient knowledge were not obedient, (38,1%), the majority of respondents with sufficient knowledge, were obedient as (19,1%), while the majority of respondents with high knowledge were obedient, (14,3%), and based on the statistical test results obtained p-value (0,033). This study concludes that there is a relationship between compliance with iron tablet consumption on the level of knowledge of pregnant women at BPS Diana Ernawati.  </p>

scholarly journals Nutritional survey among under five children at Tamyia district in Fayoum, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Younis Elsary ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud Abd El-moktader ◽  
Alkassem Elgameel ◽  
Wael Sayed Mohammed ◽  
Mohamed Masoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
District Health ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sick Children

Background: Malnutrition is involved in half of the deaths of under-five children as in many developing countries. In Egypt, malnutrition remains an important issue as 5.5% of under-five children are underweight, 8.4% are wasted and 21.4% are stunted. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among sick under five children seeking medical advice at Tamiya District health care facilities in Fayoum.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 400 under five children at Tamiya district in Fayoum. It was carried out over a period of 5 months from June to October 2014. All patients were subjected to the following: History taking, anthropometric measurements including weight and length/height.Results: Our study shows that 23.2%, 18.5% and 19.3% of children were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Stunting was more common in females than males. Also, our results reveal that risk factors of malnutrition were 70.6% parasitic infestation and 15.7% for gastroenteritis with statistically significant high prevalence of positive parasitic, helminthic infestation, and gastroenteritis with p-value <0.05 among wasted, stunted, and underweighted children.Conclusions: Prevalence of malnutrition was high among under five sick children. These findings indicate the need for implementing hospital and community-based intervention nutritional program.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding among mothers in a rural area of Thrissur district

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetha M. Kurian ◽  
C. R. Saju ◽  
Jini Muttath Paul
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
High Level ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Universalizing early and exclusive breastfeeding is viewed as a major public health intervention to reduce the child mortality. Mothers’ knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding may influence practices. The study intended to find the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding breast feeding, and factors influencing them among mothers.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken among all the mothers having a child of age 2 years and below. Data collection was done by interviewing a total of 710 eligible mothers, using a semi–structured validity tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis.Results: The mothers had high knowledge and attitude, but poor practice levels and there exists a gap between actual and desired breast-feeding practices among them. Study has found that high knowledge and practice of breastfeeding of mothers was significantly associated (p<0.05) with their age, education, religion, socioeconomic status, parity, antenatal class on breast feeding. Positive breastfeeding attitude had significant association (p<0.05) with age, educational level and parity of the mother. A strong correlation was found to exist between knowledge and attitude scores and good correlation between attitude-practice and knowledge-practice scores of the mothers.Conclusions: Poor breastfeeding practice despite high level of knowledge and attitude was exhibited by respondents, emphasizing the need for breastfeeding intervention programs especially during antenatal and early postpartum period. Existing programs supporting breastfeeding at primary care level should be strengthened. For adherence to the correct practice of breast feeding, behavior change communication should be directed towards the family members as well.

scholarly journals Australian surfers’ awareness of ‘surfer’s ear’

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000641
Author(s):  
Vini Simas ◽  
Wayne Hing ◽  
Rodney Pope ◽  
Mike Climstein
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Water Trapping ◽  
High Level ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Otoscopic Examination ◽  
Severe Grade

ObjectivesTo assess awareness of external auditory exostosis (EAE) among Australian surfers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional observational study, assessing professional and recreational Australian surfers. Currently, active surfers over 18 years of age, surfing year-round, were eligible to participate. After initial screening, individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire. All included volunteers underwent bilateral otoscopic examination, to assess the presence and severity of EAE.ResultsA total of 113 surfers were included in the study and were divided into two groups, based on surfing status: 93 recreational surfers and 20 professional surfers. Recreational surfers were significantly older (p<0.005), more experienced (greater years surfing; p<0.005), with lower prevalence of otological symptoms (p<0.05). The most common symptoms were water trapping, impacted wax and hearing loss. Prevalence of EAE was high for both groups (95% in the professional surfers and 82.8% in the recreational surfers); however, recreational surfers had mild grade EAE (grade 1) as the most common presentation, as opposed to professionals who had severe grade EAE (grade 3) as the most common presentation (p<0.05 between groups). Awareness of the term ‘surfer’s ear’ was high for both groups, as was knowledge of prevention options. However, fewer considered the condition to be preventable, and an even lower number reported regular use of prevention methods.ConclusionAustralian surfers had a high level of awareness of EAE; however, few reported using prevention methods, despite having a high prevalence of the condition. Health practitioners should screen susceptible individuals in order to recommend appropriate preventive measures.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hypertension in selected towns of Wollega zones, Western Ethiopia, 2019: A community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110245
Author(s):  
Getu Mosisa ◽  
Bikila Regassa ◽  
Bayise Biru
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Hypertension remains an emerging public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries. Age, income level, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetables and fruit consumption, physical activity and chat chewing were some risk factors of hypertension. However, there are limited data on the epidemiology of hypertension in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess Epidemiology of Hypertension among the community of selected towns of Wollega zones. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2019 in selected towns of Wollega zones. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 840 study participants. Data were collected using the WHO STEP wise approach. The data were coded and entered into EpiData 3, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 838 respondents with a response rate of 99.7%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 189 (22.6%) (95% confidence interval = 19.9%–25.2%). Of this, 108 (12.9%) and 81 (9.7%) of female and male were hypertensive, respectively. Age groups of 30–44 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.65 (1.43, 4.89)), 45–59 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55 (1.79, 7.04)), above 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.97 (1.43, 6.18)), having history of alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29 (2.4, 7.66)), involving in vigorous physical activity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.096 (0.028, 0.33)), not walking to and from the work (adjusted odds ratio = 13.12 (8.34, 20.67)), being overweight (adjusted odds ratio = 1.98 (1.21, 3.25)), inadequate fruits serving per day (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93 (1.75, 4.88)) were significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be high in the study area. Older age, alcohol consumption, not engaging in vigorous activity, physical inactivity, being overweight and inadequate intake of fruits were found to be risk factors for hypertension. Therefore, health care providers should provide extensive health education and promotion on recommended lifestyle modification to tackle the burden of hypertension.

Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Objectives The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in four Caribbean countries. Content In all 9,143 adolescents (15 years = median age) participated in the cross-sectional “2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. Eight behavioural risk factors of NCDs were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Summary Prevalence of each behavioural NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (84.2%), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (82.2%), leisure-time sedentary behaviour (49.6%), daily ≥2 soft drinks intake (46.8%), ever drunk (28.6%), twice or more days a week fast food consumption (27.6%), having overweight/obesity (27.4%), and current tobacco use (13.8%). Students had on average 3.6 (SD=1.4), and 79.0% had 3–8 behavioural NCD risk factors. In multivariable linear regression, psychological distress and older age increased the odds, and attending school and parental support decreased the odds of multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. Outlook A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered and several factors independently contributing to multiple behavioural NCD risk factors were identified.

scholarly journals Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Marius Baguma ◽  
Espoir Bwenge Malembaka ◽  
Esto Bahizire ◽  
Germain Zabaday Mudumbi ◽  
Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.

Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Moltó ◽  
Adrien Etcheto ◽  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Robert Landewé ◽  
Filip van den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastroduodenal Ulcer ◽  
International Study ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unknown Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cholesterol Measurement

BackgroundIncreased risk of some comorbidities has been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Recommendations for detection/management of some of these comorbidities have been proposed, and it is known that a gap exists between these and their implementation in practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate (1) the prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors in different countries worldwide, (2) the gap between available recommendations and daily practice for management of these comorbidities and (3) the prevalence of previously unknown risk factors detected as a result of the present initiative.MethodsCross-sectional international study with 22 participating countries (from four continents), including 3984 patients with SpA according to the rheumatologist.Statistical analysisThe prevalence of comorbidities (cardiovascular, infection, cancer, osteoporosis and gastrointestinal) and risk factors; percentage of patients optimally monitored for comorbidities according to available recommendations and percentage of patients for whom a risk factor was detected due to this study.ResultsThe most frequent comorbidities were osteoporosis (13%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (11%). The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (34%), smoking (29%) and hypercholesterolaemia (27%). Substantial intercountry variability was observed for screening of comorbidities (eg, for LDL cholesterol measurement: from 8% (Taiwan) to 98% (Germany)). Systematic evaluation (eg, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol) during this study unveiled previously unknown risk factors (eg, elevated BP (14%)), emphasising the suboptimal monitoring of comorbidities.ConclusionsA high prevalence of comorbidities in SpA has been shown. Rigorous application of systematic evaluation of comorbidities may permit earlier detection, which may ultimately result in an improved outcome of patients with SpA.

High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among HIV-Positive Individuals in Yunnan, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tu ◽  
Yu-Ye Li ◽  
Yi-Qun Kuang ◽  
Rong-Hui Xie ◽  
Xing-Qi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in the country. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by syndromic algorithms. Methods We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 ART). Blood samples and first-voided urine samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Syphilis and HSV-2 tests were also performed. Results Among 406 participants, the overall prevalence of STI was 47.0% and 45.1% in ART-naive individuals and 49.0% in ART individuals, respectively. Testing frequency was 11.6% (11.8% vs 11.4%), 33.2% (29.4% vs 37.1%), 3.2% (3.4% vs 3.0%), 2.0% (3.4% vs 0.5%) and 4.7% (6.4% vs 3.0%) for active syphilis, HSV-2, chlamydia, gonorrhoeae and genitalium. Percentage of multiple infections in both groups was 10.8% (22/204) in ART-naive participants and 9.9% (20/202) in ART participants. Females, age between 18 to 35 years, ever injected drugs, homosexual or bisexual, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART were identified as risk factors. Self-reported asymptom was not eliminating of having a laboratory-diagnosed STI. Conclusions STI prevalence was 47.0% (45.1% vs 49.0%), HSV-2, syphilis and MG were the most common STIs in HIV-infected individuals. We found high prevalence (6.4%) of Mycoplasma genitalium in ART-naive individuals. ART can reduce the diversity of STI-HIV coinfection but not the prevalence. HIV-positive individuals tend to neglect or maybe hide their genital tract discomfort, thus we suggest strengthening STI joint screening and treatment services among HIV-infected individuals whether they describe genital tract discomfort or not.

scholarly journals Risk Factors that Affect Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Perforated Peptic Ulcer Diseases in a Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebyou Seyoum ◽  
Daba Ethicha ◽  
Zelalem Assefa ◽  
Berhanu Nega
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Perforated Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: This study was done to identify risk factors that affect the morbidity and mortality of patients operated for a perforated peptic ulcer in a resource-limited setting.Methods: A two years (January 1, 2016 - December 30, 2018) retrospective cross- sectional study was done on patients admitted and operated for PPU at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Results: A total of 93 patients were operated. The median age affected was 29 years (Range 15-75 years). Male to female ratio was 7.5:1. Chewing chat, smoking and alcohol use were seen in 22 (23.6%), 35(37.6%), and 34(36.5%), cases respectively. Only 23.6% gave previous history of dyspepsia. The median duration of illness was 48hours and the duodenal to gastric ulcer perforation ratio was 6.5:1. In majority of the cases (63.3%) the perforation diameter was <10mm (63.3%). Cellan-Jones repair of the perforations was done in 92.5% of cases. A total of 47 complications were seen in 25 cases. The total complications and mortality rates were 25(26.8%) and 6(6.5%) respectively. The most common postoperative complication was pneumonia (13.97%) followed by superficial surgical site infection (10.8%). Mortality rate was highest among patients >50yrs [AOR (95%CI) =2.4(2-30)]. Delayed presentation of >24 hours [AOR (95%CI) =4.3(1.4-13.5)] and a SBP <90mmhg [AOR (95%CI) =4.8(1-24)] were found to be significantly related with higher complication rate.Conclusions: Patients who presented early and immediate corrective measures were instituted had better outcomes while those seen late developed unfavorable out-come with significantly higher complications. Therefore, early detection and treatment of PPU is essential.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document