scholarly journals Influence of Exogenously Applied Epibrassinolide and Putrescine on Protein Content, Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> under Salinity Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 714-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shummu Slathia ◽  
Anil Sharma ◽  
Sikander Pal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Salinity Stress

scholarly journals Relationship of Salinity Tolerance to Na+ Exclusion, Proline Accumulation, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Rice Seedlings

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Abdelaziz ◽  
Tran Xuan ◽  
Ahmad Mekawy ◽  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Tran Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
Relationship Of

Rice is a staple crop for over 50% of the world’s population, but its sensitivity to salinity poses a threat to meeting the worldwide demand. This study investigated the correlation of salinity tolerance to Na+ exclusion, proline accumulation, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in some rice cultivars originating from Egypt. Giza 182 was shown to be the most tolerant of the five cultivars, as judged by visual symptoms of salt injury, growth parameters, and patterns of Na+ accumulation, while Sakha 105 appeared to be highly susceptible. In detail, Giza 182 accumulated the lowest Na+ concentration and maintained a much lower Na+/K+ ratio in all plant organs in comparison to Sakha 105. The salinity-tolerant varieties had higher accumulation of proline than the salinity-susceptible cultivars. The salinity-tolerant Giza 182 accumulated a higher concentration of proline, but the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly reduced compared to in the salinity-susceptible Sakha 105. In addition, Giza 182 had stronger activity of both catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to Sakha 105. The findings of this study reveal that the salinity tolerance in rice is primarily attributable to Na+ exclusion, the accumulation of proline in rice organs, a low Na+/K+ ratio, and a low level of lipid peroxidation. The levels of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and APX and the accumulation of proline may play important roles in salinity tolerance in rice. However, the comparative involvement of individual antioxidant enzymes in salinity stress in rice should be further investigated. Giza 182 has the potential to be cultivated in salinity-affected areas, although the effects of salinity stress on its grain yield and quality should be evaluated during the full crop cycle.

scholarly journals Attenuation of negative effects of saline stress in wheat plant by chitosan and calcium carbonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervat Sh. Sadak ◽  
Iman M. Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wheat Grains

Abstract Background Chitosan and Ca+ are natural signal molecules that can be used in agriculture as biostimulants and elicitors. They enhance different physiological responses and mitigate the negative effects of salinity. So, this investigation was done to study the effect of soaking wheat grains in chitosan and CaCO3 (20 and 40 mg/L) on alleviating the adverse effect of salinity stress (0.0 and 5000 mg/L) on growth, some biochemical and physiological and yields of wheat plant. Results Shoot length (cm), leaves no/tiller, shoot dry weight (g), root fresh weight (g) and root dry weight (g) were significantly decreased as a result of salt stress. Soaking wheat grains in Chitosan or CaCO3 significantly promoted plant growth under normal and stressed conditions. Irrigation of wheat plants with saline water significantly decreased photosynthetic pigments (Chlo-a, Chlo-b, carotenoids and total pigments) in addition to Chlo-a/Chlo-b ratio, indole acetic acid content in the plant leaves. Meanwhile, saline water significantly increased phenolics, total soluble sugars (TSS) and proline content. H2O2 and lipid peroxidation expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) content clearly showed significant increases under salinity stress compared with untreated control. Soaking wheat grains in chitosan or CaCO3 before sawing significantly increased the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA in the leaves of wheat plants. Treatment of wheat grains with chitosan or CaCO3 significantly promoted the activity of various antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POX) as compared to the control. CAT activity was significantly decreased as a result of chitosan or CaCO3 treatments. The highest CAT activity was recorded in plants irrigated with 5000 mg/L saline water followed by control plants which recoded 36.40 and 24.82 U/min/g FW, respectively. On the other hand, irrigation of wheat plants with 5000 mg/L saline water significantly decreased spike length (cm), spikelets no/spike, grains wt/plant (g), 1000-grains wt (g), yield and biomass/plant (g) as well as, carbohydrate % and protein % compared with the control. However, treating wheat plants either with Chitosan or calcium carbonate resulted in obvious significant increases in carbohydrates and protein contents, especially in plants treated with 40 mg/L chitosan followed by 40 mg/L calcium carbonate. Soaking wheat grains in chitosan, especially at 40 mg/L, exhibited the strongest scavenging potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay (DPPH%) followed by treatment with 40 mg/L CaCO3. Conclusion In conclusion, the used treatment enhanced the protective parameters such as antioxidant enzymes, total phenols and free radical scavengers and consequently helped the plants to decrease lipid peroxidation, increased their tolerance and improved yield and spike quality. Application of 40 mg/L chitosan recorded the highest increment in the scavenging ability of the natural antioxidants of the plant extract toward the stable free radical DPPH.

Effect of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in roots of Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive barley cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yildiz ◽  
H. Terzi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of different chromium [Cr(VI)] concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 225 μM) on dehydrogenase activity, total soluble protein, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes was investigated in the roots of two barley cultivars (Cr-tolerant Zeynelağa and Cr-sensitive Orza-96) in hydroponic experiments. The root dehydrogenase activity and protein content decreased with an increase in the Cr(VI) concentration, but no significant difference was found between the two barley cultivars. Cr(VI) stress increased the contents of proline and MDA in both cultivars, but this effect was more pronounced in Orza-96 than in Zeynelağa. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), exhibited changes. The SOD activity increased in Zeynelağa and decreased in Orza-96 at 225 μM Cr(VI) compared to their controls. Cr(VI) stress decreased the APX and POD activities. Zeynelağa had greater APX activity than Orza-96 at 150 and 225 μM Cr(VI). However, there was no marked difference in POD activities between the two cultivars. The decrease in root dehydrogenase activity and protein content, the increase in proline and lipid peroxidation, and the alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes may be indicative of oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI).

scholarly journals Application of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis Leads to Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes, Proline, and Lipid Peroxidation under Salinity Stress in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
. Kavita ◽  
Nagaram Sowmya
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
The Impact

The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of application of Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis on antioxidant enzymes, proline and lipid peroxidation to decrease the impact of salinity stress on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a salinity sensitive crop. A pot experiment was conducted with contrasting set of genotypes (tolerant vs. sensitive) under salinity stress compared to control soil conditions in completely randomized design with three replications. Microbial inoculation was done through seed priming and application to soil at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Content of antioxidant enzymes, proline, and lipid peroxidation were assessed in leaves at flowering stage. Results showed that antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased under salinity stress compared to control condition and they were further increased with application of microbes either as seed priming alone or in combination with soil application at 20 DAS in both the genotypes under saline as well as control conditions. The content of lipid peroxidation increased significantly under salinity stress, and it was stronger pronounced in sensitive genotype while the lipid peroxidation content was decreased by application of microbes. Proline content increased under salinity stress, and it was further enhanced by the microbial inoculation. The study thus conclusively proved that Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride positively increased content of antioxidant enzymes, proline, and lipid peroxidation in leaves of chickpea grown under salinity stress conditions. The best microbe species was Trichoderma viride as seed priming plus soil application. This can be an important additional approach to decrease the impact of salinity stress on chickpea crop.

EFFECTS OF NICKEL CHLORIDE ON INDICES OF HEMOCOAGULATION AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Э.М. Гаглоева ◽  
В.Б. Брин ◽  
С.В. Скупневский ◽  
Н.В. Боциева ◽  
Т.В. Молдован
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Hemostasis System

Цель исследования - изучить состояние системы гемостаза при хронической интоксикации хлоридом никеля, исследовать взаимосвязь показателей гемокоагуляции с процессами липопероксидации у крыс в эксперименте. Методика. Опыты проводили на крысах-самцах Вистар (n=50, 230-250 г). Раствор NiCl2 (5 мг/кг) вводили внутрижелудочно ежедневно в течение 2 нед, 1 и 2 мес. По завершении эксперимента исследовали состояние тромбоцитарного и коагуляционного звеньев гемостаза, антикоагулянтную и фибринолитическую активность крови, а также определяли активность процессов перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантных ферментов. Результаты. Установлено, что через 2 нед и 1 мес интоксикации у крыс отмечались гиперкоагуляционные изменения показателей свертывающей системы крови: повышение агрегационной активности тромбоцитов, увеличение концентрации фибриногена, снижение активированного частичного тромбопластинового времени (АЧТВ) и протромбинового времени. В этот период регистрировалось увеличение антитромбиновой и фибринолитической активности крови. Через 2 мес наблюдалось подавление активности клеточного звена гемостаза - тромбоцитопения, ослабление степени АДФ-индуцируемой агрегации тромбоцитов. Выявлялась тенденция к уменьшению концентрации фибриногена. На фоне снижения АЧТВ и тромбинового времени отмечалось увеличение протромбинового времени. В то же время регистрировалось угнетение противосвертывающего звена системы гемостаза (снижалась активность антитромбина III), наблюдалось истощение резервных возможностей фибринолитического звена (замедление фXIIа-зависимого эуглобулинового лизиса) и увеличение содержания растворимых фибрин мономерных комплексов, что свидетельствует о наличии тромбинемии. Через 2 нед, один и два месяца интоксикации у животных выявлялись корреляционные связи между основными показателями системы гемостаза и активностью процессов перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантных ферментов. Заключение. Полученные данные подтверждают наличие взаимосвязи активности процессов липопероксидации и системы гемостаза, в том числе при хронической никелевой интоксикации. Результаты исследования позволяют рекомендовать применение антиоксидантов для разработки способов коррекции гемостатических сдвигов при воздействии на организм тяжелых металлов. The aim. To study the state of the hemostasis system in chronic nickel intoxication and to investigate the relationship between hemocoagulation indices and lipoperoxidation processes in rats. Methods. Experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats (n=50, 230-250 g). A solution of nickel chloride (5 mg/kg) was administered daily intragastrically for two weeks, one and two months. At the end of the experiments, indices of platelet and coagulation hemostasis systems, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma, and activities of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were studied. Results. Hypercoagulative changes in indices of the coagulation system were observed in rats after two weeks and one month of intoxication, including increased platelet aggregation and fibrinogen concentration and shortened activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. During the same period, increased antithrombin and fibrinolytic activities were observed. The depressed activity of the cellular component of hemostasis evident as thrombocytopenia and impaired ADP-induced platelet aggregation was detected after two months of intoxication. A tendency to decrease in fibrinogen concentration was observed. The shortened activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were associated with prolonged prothrombin time. At the same time, inhibition of the anticoagulant component of hemostasis (decreased antithrombin III activity), exhaustion of the fibrinolysis system reserve (delayed fXIIa-dependent euglobulin lysis), and a significant increase in soluble fibrin monomeric complexes indicative of thrombinemia were observed. After two weeks, one and two months of nickel intoxication, a correlation was found between the major indices of the hemostasis system and the activities of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion. The study confirmed a relationship between the lipid peroxidation activity and the hemostasis system, specifically in chronic nickel intoxication. This result allows to recommend the use of antioxidants in developing methods for correction of hemostatic induced affected by heavy metals.

scholarly journals Effects of urban atmospheric particulate matter on higher plants using Lycopersicon esculentum as model species

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Hubai ◽  
Nora Kováts ◽  
Gábor Teke
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Experiment

AbstractAtmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the major environmental concerns in Europe. A wide range of studies has proved the ecotoxic potential of atmospheric particles. PM exerts chemical stress on vegetation by its potentially toxic constituents; however, relatively few studies are available on assessing phytotoxic effects under laboratory conditions. In our study, aqueous extract of particulate matter was prepared and used for treatment. Experiment was following the procedure defined by the No. 227 OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Terrestrial Plant Test. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were used; elucidated toxicity was assessed based on morphological and biochemical endpoints such as biomass, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and protein content. Biomass reduction and protein content showed a clear dose–effect relationship; the biomass decreased in comparison with the control (100%) in all test groups (TG) at a steady rate (TG1: 87.73%; TG2: 71.77%; TG3: 67.01%; TG4: 63.63%). The tendency in protein concentrations compared to the control was TG1: 113.61%; TG2: 148.21% TG3: 160.52%; TG4: 157.31%. However, pigments showed a ‘Janus-faced’ effect: nutrient content of the sample caused slight increase at lower doses; actual toxicity became apparent only at higher doses (chlorophyll-a concentration decrease was 84.47% in TG4, chlorophyll-b was 77.17%, and finally, carotene showed 83.60% decrease in TG4).

scholarly journals Ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida leaf protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury in male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemeka Lynda Umenwanne ◽  
Martins Obinna Ogugofor ◽  
Obioma U. Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cardiac Biomarker ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Myxomatous Degeneration ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases have continued to be the leading cause of death globally. In addition, some of the drugs used in the treatment of the diseases present some adverse effects which limit the usefulness of such drugs. Thus, there is a need for novel drugs whose side effect is either minimal or non-existent. The presence of bioactive compounds in Cola hispida leaf is of great significance in the treatment and management of cardiovascular conditions. This study investigated the cardio-protective potential against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiac infarction in rats. Results Dox induction resulted to muscle fiber degeneration in Dox-treated rats hence revealed significant (p < 0.05) elevation in the serum level of cardio biomarker enzymes and lipid peroxidation profile while significant (p < 0.05) fall in cardiac enzymatic antioxidant levels were observed relative to the normal control. Pre-treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida leaf expressed cardio-protective potentials against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by significantly (p < 0.05) lowering the levels of cardiac biomarker enzymes towards normal, building up the activities of subdued antioxidant enzymes and depleting its malondialdehyde level. Histopathology photomicrograph of the heart tissues expressed myxomatous degeneration but was ameliorated through the administration of the fraction. Conclusion In accordance with the findings from this study, the administration of ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida leaf is effective against Dox-induced redox imbalance due to its enriched antioxidant phytoconstituents.

scholarly journals Effect of Cross-Sex Hormonal Replacement on Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Retroperitoneal Fat Adipocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Hormonal Replacement

We report the effect of cross-sex hormonal replacement on antioxidant enzymes from rat retroperitoneal fat adipocytes. Eight rats of each gender were assigned to each of the following groups: control groups were intact female or male (F and M, resp.). Experimental groups were ovariectomized F (OvxF), castrated M (CasM), OvxF plus testosterone (OvxF + T), and CasM plus estradiol (CasM + E2) groups. After sacrifice, retroperitoneal fat was dissected and processed for histology. Adipocytes were isolated and the following enzymatic activities were determined: Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). Also, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. In OvxF, retroperitoneal fat increased and adipocytes were enlarged, while in CasM rats a decrease in retroperitoneal fat and small adipocytes are observed. The cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats was associated with larger adipocytes and a further decreased activity of Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, and GSH, in addition to an increase in LPO. CasM + E2exhibited the opposite effects showing further activation antioxidant enzymes and decreases in LPO. In conclusion, E2deficiency favors an increase in retroperitoneal fat and large adipocytes. Cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats aggravates the condition by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes.

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