Parental, Family, and Home Characteristics Associated with Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli A. Komro ◽  
Maribet C. McCarty ◽  
Jean L. Forster ◽  
Therese M. Blaine ◽  
Vincent Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
School Students ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Parental Family

Purpose. This study examines the relationship between smoking-related parental, family, and home factors with adolescents' cigarette use. Design. Cross-sectional surveys of adolescents, via a self-administered questionnaire in classrooms, and their parents, via a telephone interview, were conducted. Setting. Fifteen suburban and rural communities within Minnesota. Subjects. The study sample included 8th, 9th, and 10th grade public school students and their parents. Measures. The dependent variable was monthly tobacco use among students. The independent measures were parental, family, and home smoking-related characteristics. There were 1343 parent-child dyads with completed surveys. Results. The final, multivariate logistic regression model found the following variables to be independently related to higher smoking rates among adolescents: child's grade (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03 for 10th vs. 8th), parents' permissiveness of adult smoking (OR = 1.80), parents' having higher normative estimates of how many people smoke (OR = 1.70), parents' decreased likelihood of punishing their teenager for smoking (OR = 1.65), smoking by an adult living in the home (OR = 1.99), and sibling smoking (OR = 8.95). Lack of communication about consequences for breaking family smoking rules was associated with lower smoking rates among adolescents (OR = .49). Conclusion. The results of this study highlight the importance of parental smoking norms and attitudes and smoking role models in the home. It is important that smoking prevention strategies target and include the entire family. Limitations of the study are its cross-sectional design and that the sample was primarily white.

scholarly journals Bullying and Its Associated Individual, Peer, Family and School Factors: Evidence from Malaysian National Secondary School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7208
Author(s):  
Vikneswaran Sabramani ◽  
Idayu Badilla Idris ◽  
Halim Ismail ◽  
Thiyagar Nadarajaw ◽  
Ezarina Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Distress Level ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
The Individual

Adolescents involved in bullying can be at risk of developing behavioural problems, physical health problems and suicidal ideation. In view of this, a quantitative research design using a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bullying and associated individual, peer, family and school factors. The study involved 4469 Malaysian public-school students who made up the response rate of 89.4%. The students were selected using a randomized multilevel sampling method. The study found that 79.1% of student respondents were involved in bullying as perpetrators (14.4%), victims (16.3%), or bully–victims (48.4%). In a multivariate analysis, the individual domain showed a significant association between students’ bullying involvement and age (OR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.12–1.70), gender (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.47–0.91), ethnicity (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.47–0.91), duration of time spent on social media during the weekends (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.09–1.87) and psychological distress level (OR = 2.55; 95% CI 1.94–3.34). In the peer domain, the significantly associated factors were the number of peers (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.56–0.86) and frequency of quarrels or fights with peers (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.24–3.26). Among the items in the school domain, the significantly associated factors were students being mischievous in classrooms (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.06–2.06), student’s affection towards their teachers (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.06–2.20), frequency of appraisal from teachers (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.16–1.94), frequency of friends being helpful in classrooms (OR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.09–3.38) and frequency of deliberately skipping class (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 2.90–1.72). As a conclusion, the study revealed high levels and widespread bullying involvement among students in Malaysia. As such, timely bullying preventions and interventions are essential, especially in terms of enhancing their mental health capacity, which substantially influences the reduction in the prevalence rates of bullying involvement among students in Malaysia.

Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Intention to Smoke in Middle School Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett Miller ◽  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
David Brown ◽  
Mohammad Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The purpose of this study was to use social cognitive theory to predict the frequency and intention for not smoking among middle school students. The study utilized a cross-sectional design (n=163) and administered a 38-item valid and reliable questionnaire. Frequency for smoking was predicted by environment not supportive to smoking (p < 0.0001) and emotional coping (p < 0.001) (Adjusted R2= 0.20). Intent to smoke was predicted by emotional coping (p < 0.0001); environment not supportive to smoking (p < 0.001), expectations for not smoking (p < 0.003), and self-control for not smoking (p <0.017) (Adjusted R2= 0.36).

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence and Self Esteem in Male and Female School Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Syeda Razia Bukhari ◽  
Syeda Ishrat Fatima ◽  
Amenah Rashid ◽  
Farhana Saba
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The aim of the research is to investigate that emotional intelligence and self-esteem in male and female school students. The present research design is research cross sectional design.  Sample contained 200 students (100 =male, 100= female)   (mean age = 14.16, SD = 0.740) all belonging to the upper, middle and lower Scio economic status. Whole sample was collected from different schools of Karachi, Pakistan with the help of convenient sampling technique. First, the confidentiality about the participants demographic information was assured after that about the purpose and procedure of research explained to participants. The participants who given consent of participation in research, the demographic form, Urdu version of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) (K.V. Petrides) were administered on them. Statistical Analysis (t-Test for independent) applied to assess the difference of emotional intelligence and self esteem among male and female.The results reveals there is significant difference among emotional intelligence of male and female school students (t (198) = 6.597, P< .05) and there is also significant difference in self esteem of male and female school students (t (198) = 2.837, P< .05).

scholarly journals Factors Related to Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection on Primary School Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Liena Sofiana ◽  
Mayang Sumira Jewana Kelen
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bowel Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACT Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) is the third ranks of the top 10 common infectious diseases in the world with an incidence rate of about 1.4 billion per year. The incidence of STH in Indonesia is still quite high. This figure occurs in primary school students of 60-80%, while for all ages of 40% -60%. The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to STH infection in elementary school children at primary school of Moyudan Sleman. The type of research used was analytic observational with the cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all students of class I, II, and III in Moyudan Sleman primary school with total sampling technique of 60 respondents. Data analysis used chi-square. The test results showed that the habit of hand washing before eating (sig= 0.010; RP= 3.850), the habit of hand washing  after defecating(sig= 0.007; RP= 4.571), nail hygiene (sig= 0.179; RP= 2.138), the habit of wearing footwear (sig= 0.008; RP= 3.714), and bowel habits (sig= 0.004; RP= 4.000). It can be concluded that there was a relationship between hand washing before eating, hand washing after defecating, the habit of wearing footwear, bowel habits and STH infection on the students of Moyudan Sleman primary school but there was no relationship between nail hygiene and STH infection. ABSTRAK Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) adalah penyakit yang menempati urutan ketiga dari 10 penyakit menular di dunia dengan tingkat kejadian sekitar 1,4 miliar per tahun. Insiden STH di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Angka tersebut terjadi pada siswa di sekolah dasar mencapai 60-80%, sedangkan untuk semua usia berkisar antara 40%-60%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH pada anak sekolah dasar di SD Negeri Moyudan Sleman. Penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas I, II, dan III di SD Moyudan Sleman dengan teknik total sampling yaitu 60 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-squre. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa mencuci tangan sebelum makan (sig= 0,010; RP= 3,850), mencuci tangan setelah buang air besar (sig= 0,007; RP= 4,571), kebersihan kuku (sig= 0,179; RP= 2,138), kebiasaan memakai alas kaki (sig= 0,008; RP= 3,714), dan perilaku buang air besar (sig= 0,004; RP= 4,000). Disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara mencuci tangan sebelum makan, mencuci tangan setelah BAB, kebiasaan memakai alas kaki, dan perilaku buang air besar dengan infeksi STH pada anak-anak sekolah dasar  Moyudan Sleman, sementara kebersihan kuku tidak memiliki hubungan dengan infeksi STH. Kata kunci: Infeksi STH, faktor risiko, sekolah dasar ABSTRACT Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) is the third ranks of the top 10 common infectious diseases in the world with an incidence rate of about 1.4 billion per year. The incidence of STH in Indonesia is still quite high. This figure occurs in primary school students of 60-80%, while for all ages of 40% -60%. The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to STH infection in elementary school children at primary school of Moyudan Sleman. The type of research used was analytic observational with the cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all students of class I, II, and III in Moyudan Sleman primary school with total sampling technique of 60 respondents. Data analysis used chi-square. The test results showed that the habit of hand washing before eating (sig= 0.010; RP= 3.850), the habit of hand washing  after defecating(sig= 0.007; RP= 4.571), nail hygiene (sig= 0.179; RP= 2.138), the habit of wearing footwear (sig= 0.008; RP= 3.714), and bowel habits (sig= 0.004; RP= 4.000). It can be concluded that there was a relationship between hand washing before eating, hand washing after defecating, the habit of wearing footwear, bowel habits and STH infection on the students of Moyudan Sleman primary school but there was no relationship between nail hygiene and STH infection.  

School Sanitation-Related Psychosocial Stressors among Nigerian Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ojima Zechariah Wada ◽  
Aminat Opeyemi Amusa ◽  
Fiyinfoluwa Taiwo Asaolu ◽  
David Olatunde Akinyemi ◽  
Elizabeth Omoladun Oloruntoba
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Private School ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
School Sanitation

Psychosocial stressors are indicative of challenges associated with the social and environmental conditions an individual is subjected to. In a bid to clearly understand the present gaps in school sanitation, this cross-sectional study aimed to identify the sanitation-related psychosocial stressors experienced by students in a Nigerian peri-urban community and their associated impacts. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 400 students from 10 schools. The students to toilet ratio were 1,521:0 and 1,510:0 for the public-school boys and girls, respectively, and 74:1 and 70:1 for the private-school boys and girls, respectively. Furthermore, public-school students had a significantly higher average stress level (P < 0.001, η2p = 0.071) and a significantly higher proportion of students experiencing school absenteeism (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 4.8; 95% confidence interval [C.I] = 2.7–8.2), missed classes (P < 0.001; OR = 5.8; CI = 2.8–12.0), long urine/fecal retention time (P < 0.001; OR = 2.9; CI = 1.8–4.7), open defecation practice (P < 0.001; OR = 4.2; CI = 2.5–7.1), and open defecation-related anxiety (P < 0.001; OR = 3.6; CI = 2.0–6.5). Moreover, the inability to practice menstrual hygiene management was significantly associated with student-reported monthly school absence among girls (P < 0.001; OR = 4.5; CI = 2.2–9.4). Overall, over 50% of the respondents had reportedly been subjected to at least 14 of the 17 stressors outlined. The most prevalent stressors identified were concerns about disease contraction, toilet cleanliness, toilet phobia, privacy, and assault/injury during open defecation/urination. In conclusion, results show that the absence of functional sanitation facilities purportedly has a grievous effect on the mental, physical, social, and academic well-being of the students. This was clearly seen among public-school students. Subsequent sanitation interventions need to be targeted at ameliorating identified stressors.

Resilience among secondary school students in South-Western Nigeria; association with abuse and neglect

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwapelumi Adeyera ◽  
Obioma Uchendu ◽  
Eme Owoaje
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Abstract Introduction Resilience, which aids coping and adjustment, prevents the development of mental health issues for individuals exposed to adversities. Abuse and neglect are some of the adversities that affect the health of adolescents. This study examined the relationship between abuse, neglect and resilience of adolescents. Methods The study adopted a cross-sectional design among 522 secondary school adolescents using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Information on socio-demographics, abuse, neglect and resilience were elicited. Associations were tested with significance set at 5%. Results The mean age of respondents was 15.9 ± 1.5, 301 (57.7%) were females and 144 (27.6%) were from polygamous homes. Two hundred and forty-three (46.4%) had high resilience, 141 (27.0%) moderate resilience and 138 (26.6%) had low resilience. Psychological, physical and sexual abuse were reported among 238 (45.7%), 168 (32.1%) and 45 (8.6%) adolescents, respectively, while 71 (13.6%) and 134 (25.8%) experienced psychological and physical neglect, respectively. Adolescents who experienced physical abuse and sexual abuse were about 2 and 2.5 times less likely, respectively, to have high resilience than those who did not experience physical and sexual abuse. Conclusion Abuse and neglect negatively influence resilience of adolescents. Interventions targeted at reducing abuse and neglect should be incorporated in adolescent health protocols to increase their resilience.

When is the Critical Moment to Provide Smoking Education at Schools?

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted T. L. Chen ◽  
Alvin E. Winder
Keyword(s):  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
School Students ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Critical Moment ◽  
Attitudes Toward Smoking

When is the critical moment to provide smoking education for public school students? This study is designed to address this problem. Five hundred and twelve students, sixth, ninth, and twelfth graders in the Northampton, Massachusetts school system were studied. Their responses to a sixty-two item questionnaire revealed that sixth grade is the optimal time to provide education for smoking prevention. Sixth graders are characterized by a relative absence of peer pressure, a relative lack of knowledge of the effects of smoking, unfamiliarity with their parents' attitudes toward smoking and evidence that many students in this grade intend to smoke within the next five years.

Attitudes Affecting Physical Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization: Findings From Adolescents in a High-Risk Urban Community

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bina Ali ◽  
Monica Swahn ◽  
Merle Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
Attitude Modification ◽  
Physical Dating Violence ◽  
Prevention Approach

This study examines the associations between attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys hitting girls and girls hitting boys and experiences with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization among youth in a high-risk community. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses are based on data from the Youth Violence Survey, conducted in 2004, and administered to more than 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N= 4,131) in an urban school district. Findings show that attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys and girls are significantly associated with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization. Prevention programs that seek to reduce physical dating violence among adolescents may benefit from including sex-specific attitude modification as part of a comprehensive violence prevention approach.

E-cigarette use among US adolescents: Perceptions of relative addiction and harm

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Page Daniel Dobbs ◽  
Bart Hammig ◽  
Leah Jean Henry
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Objective: Between 2013 and 2014, past 30-day use of e-cigarettes increased from 4.5% to 13.4% among US high school students aged 9–19 years. We sought to examine the influence of perceived addiction and harm of e-cigarettes on e-cigarette use among adolescents. Design: Self-reported use and perception of harm of e-cigarettes were assessed using a cross-sectional design. Setting: Data were collected from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Method: Multivariate logistic regression models were employed regressing lifetime e-cigarette use and past 30-day use on established covariate factors. Results: Perceiving e-cigarettes as less harmful than conventional cigarettes increased students’ odds of lifetime use (odds ratio [ OR] = 2.40, 95% confidence interval [ CI] = 1.98–2.90) and past 30-day use ( OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.63–2.92) of e-cigarettes. Perceiving e-cigarettes as less addictive than conventional cigarettes also increased students’ odds of lifetime use ( OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.82–2.45) and past 30-day use ( OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.57–2.38) of e-cigarettes; however, perceiving e-cigarettes as more addictive than conventional cigarettes also increased students’ odds of lifetime use ( OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.37–2.49) and past 30-day use ( OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.84–3.90) of e-cigarettes. Other influencing factors of e-cigarette use among youth included race, grade level, living with a smoker and lifetime use of regular cigarettes. Conclusion: The perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive and harmful than their conventional counterparts may be an important risk factor for the use of e-cigarettes. Factors influencing young people’s perceptions need to be examined further.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Application of GERMAS (Community Movement) Hand Washing with Water and Soap Simultaneously with Diarrhea in Primary School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Deno Harmanto ◽  
Nengke Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Community Movement

Diarrhea disease in Indonesia is still one of the endemic diseases and still often causes extraordinary events (outbreaks) in the community. This study aimed to study the relationship between the application of Germas (Community Movement) hands washing with running water and soap simultaneously with the occurrence of diarrhea in SDN 108 students in Seluma Regency. The type of research used was Analytical Survey using Cross Sectional design.. Samples  of  this study were 167 students in grades 4, 5, and 6 of  SDN 108 Seluma Regency. Sampling in this study used a Total Sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study using primary data by interview using a questionnaire. The statistical test used is Chi-Square. The results showed that of 167 students, there were 113 students (67.7%) who did not experience diarrhea, 123 students (73.7%) had poor hands washing with and running water and soap, and there was a relationship between hands washing use soap and running water and soap with diarrhea. Keywords: diarrhea, germas,hands washing, soap

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