scholarly journals Supplementation of diets for piglets with L-Arginine and powdered whole milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A.M. Bem ◽  
L.A.F. Pascoal ◽  
J.H.V. Da Silva ◽  
T.D.D. Martins ◽  
R.R. Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Relative Organ Weight ◽  
Final Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of L-Arginine in diets with and without dairy products for piglets weaned at 21 days old. Thirty-two animals with initial mean weight of 5.16 ± 1.92 kg and from the same commercial lineage were allocated in a randomized block design to four diets. The experimental diets consisted of a corn and soybean meal-based diet (NDD), the same diet supplemented with 0.6% L-Arginine (NDDA), the diet supplemented with powdered whole milk (DD), and the diet supplemented with powdered whole milk and 0.6% of L-Arginine (DDA). At 43 days old, 16 animals were slaughtered. The productive performance, incidence of diarrhoea, serum parameters, relative organ weight, morphometry and intestinal health were evaluated. Supplementation with 0.6% of L-Arginine increased (P <0.05) the daily and final weight gain of the piglets at 32 days old and reduced the incidence of diarrhoea. DDA promoted a higher villi to crypt ratio (P <0.05). There was a lower rate of mitosis and apoptosis in the jejunum of animals fed DD and DDA. The non-dairy diet supplemented with 0.6% arginine (NDDA) increased serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations compared with NDD (P <0.05). Thus, supplementation with 0.6% L-Arginine increased immunological activity, improved intestinal integrity, and reduced the incidence of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Effects of air temperature on physiology and productive performance of pigs during growing and finishing phases

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-635
Author(s):  
R.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.H.R. Moreira ◽  
M.L.T. Abreu ◽  
M.P. Gionbelli ◽  
A.O. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Final Weight

Thirty-six castrated male pigs were used to determine the influence of thermal environment and reduction of consumption on performance and carcass composition. Animals were housed in two climate chambers. In one, animals were in thermal comfort (TN) (22 °C), and in the other, pigs were under heat stress (HS) (34 °C). Animals were distributed in a randomized block design, making three treatments (TN, HS and animals in thermal comfort with food consumption paired with that observed in HS (PFTN)), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Data were obtained on performance and carcass composition. The weight gains of HS and PFTN animals were reduced by 40.5% and 34.7%, respectively, reflecting a reduction of 13.2% in the final weight of PFTN animals. Triiodothyronine concentration was not affected by heat, but there was an increase in lymphocyte numbers in PFTN animals. The HS and PFTN animals showed lower hot carcass weight. However, there were no effects on hot carcass yield and relative weights of heart, lung and spleen. Heat stress compromised performance. The negative effects of high temperature on pigs include reduction in feed intake and changes in physiology.Keywords: Environment, heat stress, pair feed, pig growth, pig production

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Feeding Times of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Feed on Growth and Health of Holstein Dairy Calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Eskandary ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (age = 4 d; body weight [BW] = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (12 calves per treatment) in a completely randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (SB0) supplementation; (2) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 4 to 32 (SB4); (3) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 61 to 74 and equal amount was added to starter since d 75 to 88 (SB60); and (4) 4 g/d SB added to WM (since d 4 to 74) and the starter (since d 74 to 88) throughout the experiment (SBT). Calves fed SB4 and SBT had lower fecal score during pre-weaning, transition period, and overall period (P = 0.043, P = 0.05, and P = 0.015; respectively). In addition, calves in SB4 and SBT groups decreased the number of days with scours during pre-weaning period, and throughout study (P = 0.035 and P = 0.025; respectively). SB60 calves had greater serum total protein (P < 0.001) during post-weaning period. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB4 and SBT calves (P = 0.011), and tended to increase in pre-weaning period compared to control calves (P = 0.06). Based on these results, addition of SB in WM is recommendable for the first month of milk-fed calves life.

scholarly journals Productive performance of soybean plants originated from seed lots with increasing vigor levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Bagateli ◽  
Caio Sippel Dörr ◽  
Luis Osmar Braga Schuch ◽  
Géri Eduardo Meneghello
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Soybean Plants

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of soybean crops, in response to the use of seeds from lots with increasing vigor levels. The study was developed during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016crops. In the first period, 14 treatments were evaluated, consisting of two factors, two genotypes (Syn 1059RR and NK7059RR), and seven seed lots. In the second seven treatments were considered, involving one genotype (Syn 1158RR) and seven seed lots. In both crop years, seed lots had vigor levels of 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95%, as determined by the accelerated aging test. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with a factorial scheme and five replications. Plant height, yield components, and grain yield were assessed throughout the culture cycle. The reflex of seed vigor in crop performance depended on the genotype employed. Also, there was an increase in both vegetative and reproductive performances of the crop as a function of seed vigor level. In this sense, every percentage point augmented in the vigor level of the lots resulted in a grain yield expansion of up to 28 kg.ha-1.

scholarly journals Ractopamine levels for finishing barrows maintained in heat stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1523-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josilene Figueiredo Sanches ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Alfredo Sampaio Carrijo ◽  
Mariana Souza de Moura ◽  
Elizangela Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Four Levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance, quantitative characteristics of carcass, and visceral responses of barrows maintained on heat stress enviroment and fed diets supplemented with ractopamine. It was used 48 animals with initial weight of 67.3 ± 3.8 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), each one with six replicates with two animals each. The experimental period lasted 28 days. Air temperature was 31.8 ± 2.0ºC, air humidity was 72.6 ± 10.2% and BGHI was 82.7 ± 2.8. Daily feed intake was not affect by the levels of ractopamine but they improved feed conversion and increased daily weight gain and final weight of the animals. The carcass quantitative characteristics were not affected by levels of ractopamine. The weights of the liver and kidneys showed linear increases accordingly to increase of ractopamine levels in the diet whereas weight of other organs and length of small intestine were not affected by supplementation with ractopamine. The optimum level of ractopamine for the best performance of barrows under heat stress is 20 mg/kg and it does not affect the quantitative characteristics of carcass.

scholarly journals Energy sources and supplementation levels for beef heifers raised during the dry season

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2494-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Rezende Moreira Couto ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Maykel Franklin Lima Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Mineral Mixture

This experiment aimed at evaluating the productive performance, intake and the apparent digestibility in the raising of beef heifers on Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. pastures under supplementation with starch or fibrous energy sources during the dry season. It was used 40 newly weaned heifers (20 Nellore and 20 crossbreed), at 8.5 months of age and 197.9 ± 3.74 kg initial weight. Two supplements were formulated: the first was corn meal- and soybean meal-based diet (high in starch) and the second was based on wheat meal (high in fiber), which were given at the quantities of 0.5 or 1.0 kg/animal/day, compared to the offer of only mineral mixture (control). The animals were distributed according to a complete randomized block design in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement with two sources of energy and two levels of supplementation plus the control treatment; the genetic group was used as a measure of local control. The average daily weight gain was higher for the animals under supplementation than those fed only mineral mixture (0.198 vs. 0.077 kg/animal/day). Moreover, performance of the animals under supplementation with starch energy source was higher than those fed wheat meal-based supplement (0.232 vs. 0.163 kg/animal/day). The intake of pasture dry matter was lower for the group given the highest supplementation level. The supplementation of beef heifers under pasture makes it possible to improve the productive performance. Compared to wheat meal, the use of the corn/soybean mixture meal as the basis of multiple mixture improves the productive performance of the heifers.

scholarly journals Caseinomacropeptide index in UHT whole milk stored under different conditions of temperature and time

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N.B.C. Villanoeva ◽  
E.H.P. Andrade ◽  
J.C. Baffa Junior ◽  
M.R. Souza ◽  
M.M.O.P. Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) index is a method used to detect adulteration of milk by addition of cheese whey, since CMP is a glycopeptide characteristic produced during cheesemaking, and soluble in the whey phase. The objective of this work was to evaluate the caseinomacropeptide index of UHT milk stored under different temperatures. Six batches of recently processed UHT milk were collected and stored under three temperatures (21ºC, 6ºC, and -12ºC) and analyzed by HPLC in the day of the milk collection (day 0) and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of storage. The experiment was run as a randomized block design with a 3x5 factorial arrangement, and the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) method was used as the post-hoc test (p = 0.05). There was a progressive increase of the CMP index during the storage period of 120 days, and this indicates the possibility of false positive results if the CMP index is used as an adulteration test for long term stored UHT milk. The validity of the CMP index as an adulteration indicator is only possible soon after packaging, and sample freezing is the only alternative when immediate analysis is not possible. The method was found to be precise, with robust CV of 1.9% even with high CMP levels.

scholarly journals Agronomic response of cauliflower to the addition of silicon to the soil under water deficit1

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Soares Wenneck ◽  
Reni Saath ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
André Felipe Barion Alves Andrean ◽  
Danilo César Santi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Replacement ◽  
Water Conditions

ABSTRACT Water deficit in cauliflower cultivation may impair its development and yield. This study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of cauliflower grown in a protected environment, under different water conditions and silicon (Si) doses. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, with three levels of water replacement [40, 70 and 100 % of the evapotranspiration (ETc)] and four Si doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1), with four replications. Leaf (SPAD index, area, fresh and dry weight), stem (diameter, height, fresh and dry weight) and inflorescence (diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, water content and commercial classification) characteristics were evaluated. The replacement of 40 % of the ETc showed lower results for the SPAD index in the phases II and III, leaf area, leaf and stem fresh weight and inflorescence diameter. The 70 % replacement cultivation showed a yield similar to that of the 100 % of the ETc. The use of Si was beneficial for the productive performance of the cauliflower at all levels of water replacement.

scholarly journals Performance of common bean genotypes as a function of growing seasons and technological input levels1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Zanella ◽  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Andrei Daniel Zdziarski ◽  
Antonio Pedro Brusamarello ◽  
Paulo Henrique de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT In Brazil, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is cultivated in different growing seasons and environments, with different genotypes responses due to the genotype x environment interaction. This study aimed to identify common bean genotypes with a better production stability in each growing environment. The trials were conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications, involving three growing years, nine common bean genotypes and four environments (first and second growing seasons with high and low levels of technological input, such as fertilizers and pest and disease control). Biplot analyses were performed using the GGE Biplot software. The use of high levels of technological input results in an average increase of 14.4 % for yield and is more representative in the crop environments, as well as more adequate for genotype selection. IPR Campos Gerais, BRS Esplendor and BRS Campeiro showed a high stability and presented the best productive performance under both technological levels.

scholarly journals Productive performance of naked neck chickens that were fed leaf meal shrubs

2016 ◽  
pp. 5145-5153
Author(s):  
Santos M Herrera G ◽  
Aslam Díaz C
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT Objective. To compare the productive performance of naked neck chickens (phases of initiation, growth and final) that were fed meals Gliricidia sepium, Cajanus cajan and Morus alba leaves. Materials and methods. 192 chickens, 1-84 days of age were distributed in a randomized block design with three experimental groups (5% of shrub in the diet), 48 animals/ group, eight replicates/ treatment, six animals/ reply and three animals/ sex in each replicate were used. The control group consumed diet based on corn and soybeans. They were reared on floor. Weighed every seven days. Weight gain, voluntary intake, conversion, balance and efficiency of feed utilization were calculated. Results. The highest total feed intake and average daily gain in rearing were 37.43g 9509.96 g respectively for M. alba (p<0.05), which also presented the best efficiency of energy and protein. Meanwhile, G. sepium showed the lowest values. Conclusions. It is possible to replace 5% of corn and soy in the diet of naked neck chickens, with the inclusion of leaf meal M. alba and get a favorable productive behavior.RESUMEN Objetivo. Comparar el comportamiento productivo de pollos cuello desnudo (fases de inicio, crecimiento y final) que se alimentaron con harinas de hojas de Gliricidia sepium, Cajanus cajan y Morus alba. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 192 pollos, de 1-84 días de edad que se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar, con tres grupos experimentales (5% de arbustivas en la ración), 48 animales/ grupo, ocho réplicas/ tratamiento, seis animales/ réplica y tres animales/ sexo, en cada réplica. El grupo control consumió dieta a base de maíz y soya. Se criaron en piso. Se pesaron cada siete días. Se calcularon la ganancia de peso, el consumo voluntario, la conversión, el balance y la eficiencia en la utilización de alimentos. Resultados. El mayor consumo total de alimento y la ganancia promedio diaria en la crianza fueron de 9509.96 g y 37.43g, respectivamente, para M. alba (p<0.05), donde también se presentó la mejor eficiencia en el uso de la energía y la proteína. Mientras, la G. sepium presentó los valores más bajos. Conclusiones. Es posible sustituir el 5% de maíz y soya, en la dieta de pollos cuello desnudo, con la inclusión de harina de hojas de M. alba y obtener un favorable comportamiento productivo.  

scholarly journals Performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens fed with various levels of protected sodium butyrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Pires ◽  
N.S.M. Leandro ◽  
D.V. Jacob ◽  
F.B. Carvalho ◽  
H.F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of including protected sodium butyrate (PSB) in the diets of laying hens of advanced age on productive performance and egg quality. In experiment 1, a total of 320 Dekalb White 61-week-old laying hens were distributed in a randomized block design to four treatments (0, 105, 210, and 300 g/ton of PSB) with eight replicates of 10 birds. The experiment was conducted over 112 days, divided into four periods of 28 days each. Productive performance and egg quality were evaluated. In experiment 2, a total of 58 000 Dekalb White 70-week-old laying hens were assigned to diets containing either 0 or 105 g/ton of PSB with two replicates of 14 500 birds. The experiment was conducted on a commercial poultry farm. Egg production and the percentages of broken eggs and dirty eggs were evaluated. The PSB levels did not influence the productive performance of laying hens. A quadratic effect was observed for eggshell thickness, percentage of eggshell and eggshell strength, reaching maxima at 193, 136 and 198 g/ton of PSB, respectively. A quadratic effect on yolk index reached a minimum at 181 g/ton of PSB. The percentages of dirty eggs and broken eggs were lower in laying hens fed 105 g/ton of PSB. In conclusion, the addition of PSB to the diets of old laying hens improved the eggshell quality and decreased the percentage of broken and dirty eggs Keywords: egg quality, laying hens, organic acids, performance, protected sodium butyrate

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