Evaluation of an Avian-Specific Probiotic and Salmonella typhimurium-Specific Antibodies on the Colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in Broilers

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. PROMSOPONE ◽  
T. Y. MORISHITA ◽  
P. P. AYE ◽  
C. W. COBB ◽  
A. VELDKAMP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Streptococcus Faecium ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Salmonella typhimurium colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry and causes food-bome illness in humans. Reduction of S. typhimurium colonization in the intestinal tract of poultry reduces potential carcass contamination during slaughter. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an avian-specific probiotic and S. typhimurium-specific antibodies on the colonization of S. typhimurium in broilers and on body weights. Broiler chicks were spray-vaccinated at the hatchery with the commercial product, Avian Pac Plus, which contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, and S. typhimurium-specific antibodies. At placement, these chicks were administered Avian Pac Plus in the water. Six hours postplacement, chicks were orally challenged with 1.8 × 107 CFU of S. typhimurium. Chicks were administered Avian Pac Plus for two additional days postchallenge. Chicks were evaluated for S. typhimurium colonization and shedding every 3 to 4 days for the first 2 weeks and every 7 days for 6 weeks. The mean cecal and colonic concentration of S. typhimurium from the Avian Pac Plus-treated group was significantly lower at day 31 (P = 0.0001), day 38 (P = 0.0005), and day 43 (P = 0.0001) than the nontreated control group. These results indicated that a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, and S. typhimurium-specific antibodies have a beneficial effect in reducing the colonization of S. typhimurium in market-aged broilers.

Evaluation of Avian-Specific Probiotic and Salmonella Enteritidis-, Salmonella Typhimurium-, and Salmonella Heidelberg-Specific Antibodies on Cecal Colonization and Organ Invasion of Salmonella Enteritidis in Broilers

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. TELLEZ ◽  
V. M. PETRONE ◽  
M. ESCORCIA ◽  
T. Y. MORISHITA ◽  
C. W. COBB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organ Invasion ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

Salmonella Enteritidis colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry and causes foodborne illness in humans. Reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in the intestinal tract of poultry reduces potential carcass contamination during slaughter. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an avian-specific probiotic combined with Salmonella Enteritidis-, Salmonella Typhimurium-, and Salmonella Heidelberg-specific antibodies on the cecal colonization and organ invasion of Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler as well as on body weights. The treatment group was defined as chicks spray-vaccinated with Avian Pac Plus at the hatchery and given Avian Pac Plus for the first 3 days after placement. An intermediate treatment was given at 10 and 14 days, 2 days prior to vaccination and 2 days postvaccination. All birds were vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine, La Sota virus (one drop/eye) at 12 days of age. A final treatment was given 3 days preslaughter. The control group was defined as chicks not given Avian Pac Plus at any time. Six hours after oral administration of the probiotic suspension (treatment group) or water (control group) at placement, the chicks were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. All chickens were orally inoculated with 0.25 ml of Salmonella Enteritidis that contained 4 × 107 CFU/1.0 ml. Cecal colonization and organ invasion were evaluated for Salmonella Enteritidis on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 41. The probiotic-treated group had a significantly lower concentration of Salmonella Enteritidis cecal colonization at days 3, 7, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 41 when compared to the nontreated, control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis from the internal organs (liver and spleen) when probiotic-treated and nonprobiotic-treated groups were compared. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean body weight between the two experimental groups at each collection period. These results indicated that a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, and Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Heidelberg-Specific antibodies have a beneficial effect in reducing the colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in market-aged broilers.

Influence of xylanase-supplemented feed on the development of selected bacterial groups in the intestinal tract of broiler chicks

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. VAHJEN ◽  
K. GLÄSER ◽  
K. SCHÄFER ◽  
O. SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

The colonization of Lactobacillus spp., enterobacteria and facultatively anaerobic gram-positive cocci was monitored in intestinal samples of growing broiler chicks from 24 h to 28 days of age. Rapid bacterial growth occurred within the first week, followed by stabilization and decline of colony forming units (CFU). Xylanase supplementation led to significantly lower CFU per gram of wet weight for total presumptive enterobacteria and total gram-positive cocci in luminal and tissue samples in the first 3 weeks. Lactobacillus spp. colony counts from tissue samples were higher for animals with the xylanase-supplemented diet, but luminal CFU were not. The composition of dominant Lactobacillus spp. strains was different in duodenal and jejunal tissues, but distribution of Lactobacillus spp. colony forms was unaffected by xylanase treatment. Mucosa-associated Enterococcus spp. displaced the dominant gram-positive cocci in the jejunal samples. d- and l-lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations were significantly higher in ileal samples from the control group on days 7 and 14, while butyric acid concentrations were higher in the xylanase-treated group. It is concluded that the less viscous intestinal environment caused by the xylanase slowed proliferation of gram-positive cocci and presumptive enterobacteria in enzyme-supplemented animals in the first 3 weeks of life.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
Átilla Holanda de Albuquerque ◽  
Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira ◽  
Débora Nishi Machado ◽  
Elisângela De Souza Lopes ◽  
Ruben Horn Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples

Several cases of animal and human salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium have been reported. In animals, subclinical infection favors pathogen dissemination through feces. In this context, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) with an asymptomatic condition may play an important role in the transmission of salmonellosis, through the elimination of contaminated feces in commercial aviaries or in poultry feed facilities, causing economic losses to the poultry industry and presenting a risk to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the mortality, clinical signs and the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium in the feces and organs of chicks previously inoculated with bacteria isolated from a pigeon. One-day-old chicks were distributed in two experimental groups (G1 and G2) of 32 birds each, and a control group of six birds. Two inocula of 0.4 and 0.7 mL with 105 and 106 colony forming units were used in G1 and G2 birds, respectively. At 1, 4, 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) fecal samples were pooled from each cage and individual cloacal swabs were collected. At 14 dpi, all chicks were euthanized and samples were collected from the liver, spleen, lung, cecum and intestine for microbiological analysis. Mortality was only observed among G2 birds (6.25%). Most birds presented clinical signs of diarrhea at 4 dpi and no symptom as observed at 14 dpi. The results from cloacal swabs demonstrated bacterial elimination in 68.8% and 53.1% of G2 and G1 birds, respectively at 1 dpi. Additionally, fecal samples had elevated bacterial shedding in all four periods of observation , with a higher excretion at 4 dpi (62.5%) for both groups. Among G2 birds, 74.2% were positive for the pathogen in the intestine; G1 birds presented the lowest rate of lung infection (29%), and both groups had more than 50% positivity for liver and caeca. The results revealed that infected chicks with a Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from pigeons may host the pathogen in several organs, and simultaneously present diarrheic disorders with significant levels of bacterial excretion in feces.

Colonization of Broiler Chicks by Salmonella Typhimurium Definitive Phage Type 104

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽  
SCOTT R. LADELY ◽  
J. STAN BAILEY ◽  
NORMAN J. STERN
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Salmonella Senftenberg ◽  
Over Time

The prevalence of an antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) has increased dramatically in recent years resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans. Colonization and shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was studied in broiler chickens in two trials. In trial 1, 180 day-of-hatch chicks (n = 60 per group, n = 30 per replicate) were challenged with 106 CFU DT104 (wild-type isolate from poultry) or were commingled with a seeder chick challenged with 106 CFU DT104. In trial 2, 360 day-of-hatch chicks (n = 120 per treatment, n = 30 per rep) were divided into three groups. Chicks in the susceptible group were commingled with two seeder chicks that were orally challenged with 107 CFU/bird of a pan-sensitive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Chicks in the resistant group were commingled with two seeder chicks that were orally challenged with 107 CFU/bird DT104 used in trial 1. For both trials, a control group was not exposed to DT104, composite fecal samples were evaluated twice weekly for levels of Salmonella shedding and 20 chicks per group were necropsied weekly and their cecal contents were cultured. At hatch all groups were colonized with naturally occurring Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Mbandaka (trial 1) or Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Ohio (trial 2) prior to exposure to DT104. Throughout the study, the level of Salmonella spp. shedding in feces (trial 1 means 3.1, 2.9, and 3.0 log10 CFU per g feces for challenged, seeder, and control groups, respectively) or ceca (trial 2 means 2.9, 2.9, and 2.5 log10 CFU per g ceca for resistant, susceptible, and control groups, respectively)did not differ among groups. In trial 1, colonization of DT104 remained constant at higher levels in the challenged group (mean 87%, P < 0.01), increased over time in the seeder group (10 to 50%, P < 0.02) and was not recovered from the control chicks. Salmonella Mbandaka colonization remained steady within each group with challenge and seeder groups maintaining higher levels of colonization than the control group. Salmonella Senftenberg colonization levels tended to decline (P = .058) over time in the challenged group (20 to 0%) and significantly decreased (P < 0.01) over time for both the seeder (80 to 0%) and control chicks (85 to 10%). In trial 2, the percentage of chicks colonized with susceptible DT104 declined (r = 0.90, P < 0.05) over the course of the trial from 45 to 0%, while recovery of the resistant DT104 persisted at a mean percentage of 27%. DT104 was not recovered from the control chicks. Salmonella Ohio colonization levels tended to decline (r = 0.79, P > 0.05) over time in the control group (75 to 20%) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) over time in both susceptible and resistant groups (40 to 10%, r = 0.82 and 55 to 5%, r = 0.85, respectively). Salmonella Senftenberg was recovered from the control group at low frequency throughout the trial and was not recovered from the other groups. For either trial, no apparent affect on morbidity or mortality was observed. Introduction of DT104 by commingling may induce colonization resulting in persistent high levels of shedding in flocks simultaneously with other Salmonella species.

scholarly journals Passive haemagglutination test for human neurocysticercosis immunodiagnosis: I. Standardization and evaluation of the passive haemagglutination test for the detection of anti-Cysticercus cellulosae antibodies

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirthes Ueda ◽  
Eide Dias Camargo ◽  
Adelaide José Vaz ◽  
Ana Maria Carvalho de Souza ◽  
Regina Maria Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Saline Extract ◽  
Passive Haemagglutination ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Haemagglutination Test ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Red Cells

A passive haemagglutination test (PHA) for human neurocysticercosis was standardized and evaluated for the detection of specific antibodies to Cysticercus cellulosae in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For the assay, formaldehyde-treated group O Rh-human red cells coated with the cysticerci crude total saline extract (TS) antigen were employed. A total of 115 CSF samples from patients with neurocysticercosis was analysed, of these 94 presented reactivity, corresponding to 81.7% sensitivity, in which confidence limit of 95% probability (CL95%) ranged from 74.5% to 88.9%. Eighty-nine CSF samples derived from individuals of control group presented as nonreactive in 94.4% (CL95% from 89.6% to 99.2%). The positive and negative predictive values were 1.4% and 99.9%, respectively, considering the mean rate of that this assay provide a rapid, highly reproducible, and moderately sensitive mean of detecting specific antibodies in CSF samples.

scholarly journals Study influence of Salinomycin and Anticoccidial Vaccine on Pathological changes in intestine of Broiler Chickens experimental infected with Eimeria spp.

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Dalia Ahmed Kalef
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Endothelial Layer ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Epithelial Layers

To conduct the influence of salinomycin & anticoccidial vaccine onpathological changes in intestine of broiler chickens experimentalinfected with Eimeria spp. By using 40 broiler chicks divided randomlyto four groups( 10 chicks of each group ) First group vaccinated withanticoccidial vaccine (coccivac) at 8 days of age in drinking water whilethe second group feeded salinomycin in concentration 60ppm from oneday old ,the third group left non vaccinated nor given salinomycin as acontrol group at(26 days )of age chicks in that three groups infected withdifferent species of Eimeria spp .with high dose (744x74³) Oocyst /chickby group inoculation & the fourth group consider negative control notvaccinated or treated .At (33 days)of chicks age all the chicks were killedfor measuring lesion score of intestine which their results +1.75 , +3, +4with mortality rate 0%,10%,20% for vaccinated ,salinomycine treated &control groups respectively then took samples for Histopathologicalchanges the results pointed high pathological changes in intestine ofpositive control group with sever necrosis & degeneration of epitheliawith sever tissue damage companied with maturation first & secondgeneration sporozoite in the endothelial layer of intestine. While thepathological changes was less sever in salinomycine treated group withnecrosis & degeneration of epithelial layers accompanied with exist ofsporozoite in endothelial layer of intestine . while the vaccinated groupshowed no clear pathological changes in intestine except hyperplasia ofglobal cells & infiltration of lymphocytes cells in the layers of intestine ,it was concluded that the vaccine which was given to chicks provide goodprotection & decrease dangerous of coccidiosis infection .

Effects of Curcuma Zedoaria (Shoti) on Growth Performance and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broiler

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
TM Rahsin Kabir ◽  
Nahid Nawrin Sultana ◽  
Tangila Ferdausi ◽  
Muhammad Rakibul Hasan ◽  
Nayamul Bashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Collect Blood Sample ◽  
Growth Performances

The experiment was conducted on “Cobb-500” broiler chicks to study the effects of Curcumazedoaria (shoti) on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters. A total of twentybroilers chicks (16 days old) were randomly divided into five equal groups (n=4). Three groups ofbroilers fed shoti powder at the rate of 10%; 20%; 30% (w/w) with other ingredients for 22 days.Broilers chicks fed on maize-soybean were considered as positive control while non-protein controlwas regarded as negative control. The results showed that body weight of broilers fed 10% and 20%shoti meal grew very close to those of control (maize-soybean) group. After having completed thefeeding trial, the birds were sacrificed to collect blood sample for and biochemical analysis .Weightsof different organs and length of intestine were also measured. Results showed that decreaseddressed weight, weight of skin and liver were found in 30% shoti treated group compared to proteincontrol group. Intestinal weight was highest in 30% shoti treated group but length was similar to theprotein control group. Total erythrocytes count, hemoglobin content and PCV value were founddecreased in shoti treated group compared to protein control group but ESR value was highest in10% shoti treated group. Total cholesterol was found to be decreased in the birds fed on shoticompared to protein control and significantly higher than non-protein control group. Triglyceride valuedecreased in 10% shoti treated group compared to protein and non-protein control group. IncreasedHDL value was found in 10% shoti treated group compared to control groups and 20 % and 30 %shoti treated groups. Result of this experiment showed that body weight of birds significantly (p<0.05)increased in all shoti treated groups. Further investigations are necessary by using differentpercentages of shoti and other shoti type feed to determine the effects of this feed supplement onanimal’s physiology. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 293-301,  August 2020

scholarly journals Efficacy of probiotics on growth performance and hemato-biochemical parameters in broiler

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Laila Anjuman Banu ◽  
Afrina Mustari ◽  
Nazim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Collect Blood Sample ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Breast Weight

Cobb-500 broiler chicks were used to study the effects of probiotics on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters. A total of fifteen broiler chicks (16 days old) were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=5). Two groups of broilers were fed probiotics at the rate of 0.5 gm/kg and 1gm/kg respectively with commercial feed for 22 days. Chicks fed on only commercial feed were considered as control group. The results showed that broilers treated with probiotics grew faster compared to control group. After having completed the trial, the birds were sacrificed to collect blood sample for hematological and biochemical analysis. Dressed weight, weight of skin including feathers, leg weight, breast weight and liver weight were found higher in treated groups compared to control group. Total erythrocytes count and hemoglobin content were found increased in treated group compared to control group. ESR value was found decrease in treated groups compared to control group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL was significantly (P>0.01) lower in the treated groups compared to control group. The serum alkaline phosphatase significantly (P<0.01) increased in treated groups. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 91-100, April 2019

scholarly journals The immune response of rabbits immunized by Salmonella typhimurium and Lactobacillus acidophilus

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Ikram A. A. Al-Samarraae
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fourth Group

     Antigens prepared from sonicated Salmonella typhimurium (KWCSA-ST) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (KWCSA-LBA) were used to evaluate synergistic effect on interlukine production (IL-2, IL-4) and Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) which were evaluated by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity-skin test at day 20 post  immunization. Twenty five rabbits of both sexes, 2-3 Kg body weight, were divided into five equal groups; the first group immunized by KWCSA-ST (1000 µg/ml) and KWCSA-LBA (1000 µg/ml), the second group by KWCSA-ST (1000 µg/ml) and KWCSA-LBA (500 µg/ml), the third group by KWCSA-ST (1000 µg/ml) as positive control, the fourth group by KWCSA-LBA (1000 µg/ml) as positive control and the fifth group was injected by P.B.S. (pH7.2) as negative control group subcutaneously. The result of delayed type hypersensitivity showed an increase in the means of erythema and induration in the 1st group after 24hrs and 48hrs while the 4th group recorded the lowest mean after 24hrs and 48hrs. These means showed significant differences (P˂0.05) compared with injection by 1:2 and 1:4 diluted Ag. While the results of IgG showed that the highest concentration was at 35th day in the first group while the lowest concentration at 35th day in the fourth group with significant differences (P<0.05). Also the high concentration of IL-2, IL-4 was recorded in the first group at 35th day and the lowest concentration was in the fourth group at 35th day with significant differences (P<0.05); also the results showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the 1st, 2nd, 3rd compared with 4th and 5th groups.

Effect of Tylvalosin on Blood Parameters in Healthy Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mosleh Shwaish ◽  
Ammar H. Salman ◽  
Asif Hasan Abdulrazaq
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Blood Samples

To evaluate the effects of Tylvalosin on blood parameters in healthy broiler chickens, twenty broiler chicks (Ross 308) aged 21 days old and weight 600-800 gm was divided into two equal groups, the first one was control group (G1) and the second one was treated group (G2). G1 dosed with 1ml/kg of body weight of normal saline while G2 dosed with 25mg/Kg of body weight of Tylvalosin. Blood samples were collected with EDTA tubes after 4 days of treatment. The results showed significant decrease in total WBCs counts in G2 treated group as compared with control group (G1), also the eosinophil showed a significant decrease in G2 as compared with G1, while other parameters didn’t show any significant differences. In conclusion, WBCs were decreased after treatment with tylvalosin.

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