scholarly journals Solar Energy Based Water Desalination System

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 09-14
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Drinking Purpose

There is scarcity of portable water in the world which is an essential thing. But the water should be suitable for drinking. There are many filters present in the market that can-do purification process, that make water safe to drink, but they don’t reduce the saltiness, due to this the drinking water tastes salty. This desalination processes the removes the salt and other minerals from the water & makes it suitable for human consumption and industrial use. RO generally used in domestic filtration system that removes impurities. RO is needed if the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) exceeds a certain value. The main aim of this project is to use the non-conventional source of energy to design a system which provide water for drinking purpose and mainly designed for a village/ commercial purpose that the desalination system runs on solar power.

scholarly journals Sustainable Bio-Adsorbent for Treatment of Nitrate, Fluoride and TDS in Groundwater

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anupam Singhal ◽  
Rajiv Gupta ◽  
Arun Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biosorption Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Agricultural Materials

The quality of groundwater and surface water bodies have been analyzed globally and showed that 23% of primary drinking water sources have more than permissible limits of pollutants’ concentration. A major part of the world suffers from high concentrations of Nitrate, Fluoride and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water. Therefore, the present work focuses on the treatment of these three parameters. There are many processes available to remove and reduce the higher concentration of the aforesaid pollutants in water with advantages and disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages of these processes is the sustainability and availability of treating materials. In this regard, the work explores different agricultural materials (nine to be exact) for reduction of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS in water. It is found that most of the materials have the potential to reduce either of one contaminant. However, only potato gel has shown potential in reduction of all three contaminants', i.e. Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS, concentration. The Isotherm plots indicate that Nitrate and TDS biosorption mechanism follows the Langmuir Isotherm while Fluoride biosorption follows the Freundlich Isotherm. Optimization is carried out, using batch and continuous study, in terms of time and mass of adsorbent against the concentration of the contaminant. Adsorption column tests indicate the reduction of 89%, 92% and 86% in the concentration of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS respectively by potato gel.

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER QUALITY STUDY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN PEHOWA BLOCK, KURUKSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Balwinder Balwinder ◽  
V.S. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Water is prime requirement for living beings to live on the planet earth. In the modern developmental activities, agricultural practices, industrial purposes and need of drinking water for increasing population resources of fresh water are depleting fast and creating crisis of water availability per capita. Haryana is an agricultural dominant state with requirement of water whole year for irrigation purpose. Besides agriculture demand water is also used in industrial purpose as well as increasing drinking water requirement for increasing population in the state. In the present study groundwater quality in Pehowa block which covers 548 sq. km. area in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state, India have been studied for drinking purpose. Nine groundwater samples were collected from different parts of the block in double capped plastic bottles. Groundwater samples were analyzed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamil nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. Results of chemical analysis of groundwater samples shows that range of pH 7- 8, alkalinity 230-420 mg/l, hardness 100-280 mg/l, chloride 30-100 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 432-924 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 - 1.5 mg/l, iron nil in all groundwater samples, ammonia nil - 2 mg/l, nitrite 0.2- 0.5 mg/l, nitrate 45-75 mg/l, phosphate nil in all groundwater samples, and residual chlorine nil to 0.5 mg/l. The study shows that groundwater is non-potable at Bherian (nitrate 75 mg/l), Gumthala (nitrate 75 mg/l, ammonia 2 mg/l), Thana (nitrate 75 mg/l), Ramgarh (nitrate 75 mg/l), Mohanpur (nitrate 75 mg/l), Sarsa (nitrate 75mg/l), Tikri (ammonia 1 mg/l, residual chlorine 0.5 mg/l). Groundwater is potable in one groundwater sample taken at Bodha with respect of all the twelve chemical parameters of drinking water. The study is highly useful for monitoring groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.

Water Purification Using Different Chemical Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 338-367
Author(s):  
Rupali Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Biological Contaminants

Water from surface sources is often contaminated by microbes, whereas groundwater is normally safer, but even groundwater can be contaminated by harmful chemicals from human activities or from the natural environment. The purification process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, and a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces. Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from contaminated water. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, such as medical, pharmacology, chemical, and industrial applications. In general, the methods used include physical processes such as filtration and sedimentation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or activated sludge, chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination, and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water in Al Kamleen City, Gezira State

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-824
Author(s):  
Tahani H., Al Agib ◽  
Elnasri M. Mututali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Central Sudan ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

The study was carried out in Al Kamleen City in Gezira State in central Sudan, to evaluate the drinking water quality by looking into physicochemical and micro-biological aspects. Ten samples of water were collected randomly from different sites in the city and examined for electrical conductivity (E.C.), turbidity, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). The samples were also examined for the presence of microorganisms during winter, summer and autumn. Results showed that most of the parameters examined were within the limit of the Sudanese standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO, 2015) and the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007). Some samples were contaminated by bacteria including coliform, Escherichia coli and salmonellas and the higher contamination was in autumn.

scholarly journals Recirculating Shower Filtration System: Utilizing Natural, CostEfficient, and Effective Materials to Consolidate the Purification of Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Myles Spiess ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Purification Of Water

The objective of this project was to make a recirculating water shower system that creates clean water using natural resources, without the requirement of additional electricity. Due to the use of natural materials, maintenance of the shower will be dramatically reduced. Our shower system filters the used water and integrates it back into the pipes of the shower, to be used again. The filter removes dirt, bacteria, debris, and biodegradable shampoo. It does so with different filtration methods in each part of the filter. As the water moves from top to bottom, the largest to the smallest impurities are removed from the water to ultimately leave it potable. The system purifies the water to below 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), the recommendation for drinking water by the World Health Organization. Cleaned water is collected and sent back to the shower head by a solar paneled water pump. Our economical shower system has the potential to reduce disease and allow for increased hygiene without wasting water.

Development of new low cost defluoridation technology (krass)

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash C. Agarwal ◽  
Sunil K. Gupta ◽  
Akhilendra B. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fluoride Removal ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Considerable Work

Systemic fluorosis is an endemic problem in several developing countries. In India 15 states are endemic for fluorosis, of which 5 have indicated hyperendemicity for fluorosis in all districts. WHO standards permit only 1 mg/l as a safe limit for human consumption. People in several districts of Rajasthan are forced to consume water with fluoride concentrations of up to 44 mg/l which has resulted in permanent deformities, joint pains, general debility and misery. About 60% of fluoride intake is through water. Considerable work on fluoride removal from water has been done all over the world. However a safe, efficient, free from residual aluminium in treated water, and cost effective defluoridation technique/process is not available and needs to be developed in order to prevent the occurrence of fluorosis. This paper describes the development of a defluoridation process which differs from the known processes in its simplicity, cost effectiveness and results in traces of residual aluminium in treated water. The parameters like fluoride concentration, temperature, pH, alkalinity, humidity and total dissolved solids of input water do not affect this process.

scholarly journals TECNOLOGÍA SOLAR APLICADA A LA PURIFICACIÓN DE AGUA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Clido Jorge ◽  
Patricia Zúñiga ◽  
José Solís ◽  
Walter Estrada ◽  
Ruth Cristóbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The World ◽  
Solar Technology

El agua potable es un bien sumamente escaso en el mundo. De los estimados 1.4 billones de kilómetros cúbicos de agua sobre la tierra, el 97.6 % es salada, 2.38 % está como hielos y glaciares y aproximadamente solo 0.024 % se encuentra sobre la superficie terrestre y por lo tanto puede ser destinada para el consumo humano. Ante esta situación, la falta de acceso al agua potable es un problema muy serio en el mundo y el Perú no es una excepción. De los 6 billones de personas que pueblan la tierra, más de un billón sufre de este problema. Sin embargo, cerca de 2.5 billones no tienen acceso a un adecuado servicio de saneamiento. Esto se traduce en que más de 6 millones de niños por año mueren por enfermedades que tienen su origen en el agua que consumen. Palabras clave.-Purificación de agua, Tecnología solar. ABSTRACTDrinking water is extremely scarce good in the world. Of the estimated 1.4 billion cubic kilometers of water on earth, 97.6% is salt, 2.38% is like ice and glaciers and only about 0.024% is above the earth's surface and therefore may be destined for human consumption. In this situation, the lack of access to drinking water is a serious problem in the world and Peru is no exception. Of the 6 billion people who inhabit the land, over a billion suffer from this problem. However, about 2.5 billion lack access to adequate sanitation. This means that more than 6 million children a year die from diseases that are caused by the water they consume. Keywords.- Water purification, Solar technology.

Performance Study of Some Reverse Osmosis Systems for Removal of Uranium and Total Dissolved Solids in Underground Waters of Punjab State, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Jaspal Singh ◽  
Barjinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
State Government ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
High Concentrations

Radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium, radon gas etc.) are found naturally in air, water, soil and rock. Everyday, we ingest and inhale these radionuclides through the air we breathe and through food and water we take. Out of the internal exposure via ingestion of radionuclides, water contributes the major portion. The natural radioactivity of water is due to the activity transfer from bed rock and soils. In our surveys carried out in the past few years, we have observed high concentrations of uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking waters of some southern parts of Punjab State exceeding the safe limits recommended by national and international agencies. The main drinking water source is the underground water procured from different depths. Due to the highly saline taste, disorders in their digestive systems and other ailments, people are installing reverse osmosis (RO) systems in their houses. Some RO systems have been installed on commercial basis. The state government is also in the process of installing community RO systems at the village level. As high values of uranium are also undesired and may pose health hazards due to radioactivity and toxicity of uranium, we have conducted a survey in the field to study the performance of various RO systems for removal of uranium and TDS. Water samples from about forty RO systems from Faridkot, Mansa, Bathinda and Amritsar districts of Punjab State were collected and analyzed. Our results show that some RO systems are able to remove more than 99% of uranium in the underground waters used for drinking purposes. TDS values are also reduced considerably to the desired levels. So RO systems can be used to avoid the risk of unduly health problems posed by high concentrations of uranium and TDS in drinking water.

Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood ◽  
Ali A Kamal ◽  
Ako R Hama
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Water Metal ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Better Than

The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks.

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Shirina Khatun ◽  
F. K. Sayema Tanzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

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