scholarly journals Level Pemberian Tepung Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) Terhadap Kualitas Dendeng Babi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Geertruida Margareth Sipahelut ◽  
Heri Armadianto ◽  
Yakob R. Noach ◽  
Agustinus R. Riwu ◽  
Sutan Y.F. Dillak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this research to determine the level on the quality of pork jerky (aroma, texture and TPC). The research design used was a complete random design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, and continued with Mann-Whitney test. The sensoric data used   hedonik  test according to Kruskal-Wallis method.  The treatment consisted of R0 = without roselle flour, R1 = roselle flour 5g, R2 = roselle flour 10g  and  R3 = roselle flour 15g. The results showed that the addition of roselle flour 5g, 10g and 15g  gave a significant difference  (P <0.05) to the aroma and TPC values while the texture had no significant effect (P>0,05).  But the best  texture value is at the level of 10g roselle flour.  Conclusion, The level of roselle flour  influences  the value of the aroma of  jerky and can reduce  the total bacterial growth  in the pork jerky.  The best activity  level of 15g roselle flour  can reduce the lowest total bacterial colony.

scholarly journals FAKTOR FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI KELUARGA BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN GONDOK PADA MURID SD

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Siti Madanijah ◽  
Ageng Basuki Hirmawan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spearman Test

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.6pt 6pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27pt;">The objective o<span lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">f this study is to identify the factors that affect the high prevalence of goiter among elementary school students in goiter endemic area.  The specific objective are to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the sample family, to analyze food consump­tion related to goiter, to identify the variety of food contains of goitrogenic sub­stances, to measure the iodium salt concentration, to analyze the correlation between mother knowledge about IDD, food consumption and the quality of salt with the goiter status. This research was designed with cross sectional study with purposive method.  This research was conducted at Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, West Java from April to May 2005. The respon­dent consisted of 60 elementary school students, which 30 of them classified as normal group and the rest of them belong to the goiter group. The two sample groups were analyzing by the t-test and Mann Whitney test. The correlation variables were analyzed by the Spearman test. There were significant difference between the income on the normal group and the goiter group; the normal group had higher income than the rest. There were significant difference between the adequacy level of energy on the normal group (73.5%) and the goiter group (55.8%) and the average of the variety of goitrogenic food consumption. The Mann Whitney test showed there were also significant differences for the quality of salt. There were significant correlations between mother knowledge about IDD with the adequacy of iodium, and between the cases of goiter with the quality of salt consumed by the family. Intensive nutrition education of IDD is needed to improve the nutrition knowledge of the mothers, as well as the availability of the accessible iodized salt.</span></p>

Quality of Life, Physical Activity Level and Psychological Profile of Nigerians with Serious Mental Illness and Healthy Psychotropic Naive Subjects (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Arinze Okonkwo ◽  
Peter Olarenwaju Ibikunle ◽  
Izuchukwu Nwafor ◽  
Andrew Orovwigho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparently Healthy

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL), physical activity (PA) level and psychological profile (PF) of patients with serious mental illness have been neglected during patient’s management OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected psychotropic drugs on the QoL, PA level and PF of patients with serious mental illness METHODS A cross sectional survey involving one hundred and twenty-four subject [62 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) and 62 apparently healthy subjects as control] using purposive and consecutive sampling respectively .Questionnaires for each of the constructs were administered to the participants for data collation. Analysis of the data was done using non parametric inferential statistics of Mann-Whitney U independent test and Spearman’s rho correlation with alpha level set as 0.05. RESULTS Significant difference was recorded in the QoL (p<0.05) of patient with SMI and apparently healthy psychotropic naive participants. There was a significant correlation between the QoL (p<0.05) and PF of participants with SMI. Participants with SMI had significantly lower QoL than apparently healthy psychotropic naive subject. QoL of the healthy psychotropic naive group was better than those of the participants with SMI. Female participants with SMI had higher PA than their male counterparts CONCLUSIONS Psychological profiles of male participants with SMI were lower than male healthy psychotropic naive participants. Clinicians should take precaution to monitor the QoL, PA level and PF because the constructs are relevant in evaluation of treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Analysis of the drivers and benefits of BIM incorporation into quantity surveying profession

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Olusola Babatunde ◽  
Damilola Ekundayo ◽  
Olubola Babalola ◽  
Jumoke Aduramigba Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Quantity Surveying

Purpose Building information modeling (BIM) inclusion in education pedagogy is crucial in preparing skilled graduates for employment in the construction industry. Against this backdrop, studies on BIM education abound in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) programmes in higher education institutions (HEIs). However, there are limited empirical studies on BIM potentials in the quantity surveying (QS) profession in HEIs, particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the BIM drivers and benefits as important to the QS profession using an empirical approach. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the BIM drivers and benefits in relation to the QS profession, which was used to design a questionnaire. To capture a broad perception, a questionnaire survey was carried out which targeted the academia and final year undergraduate students from two selected universities offering QS honour degree programmes in Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using mean score, standard deviation and Mann–Whitney test. Findings The study identified 12 BIM drivers in relation to the QS profession and the analysis of the ranking revealed that almost all the identified BIM drivers are considered by respondents as important. The study further identified 14 BIM benefits and the analysis of the ranking indicated that all the identified BIM benefits are considered as important. The results of the Mann–Whitney test indicated a slight statistically significant difference, particularly in one of the selected universities on the ranking of the BIM drivers and benefits as important to the QS profession. Practical implication The findings of the study provide empirical evidence on the current perceptions of the drivers and benefits of BIM to QS academia and students as they explore the concept for the advancement of QS profession. Originality/value This study would provide practical insights to use BIM for QS practice. Also, this study would contribute to improving the QS graduates and professional quantity surveyors understanding of the BIM knowledge applicable to QS profession.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MENYIKAT GIGI DENGAN SIWAK (Salvadora persica) TERHADAP pH SALIVA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Yossy Juliarni ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan2
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: Salivary pH is one of factor which involved in caries development. Decreasing of salivary pH will cause enamel demineralization. Miswak (Salvadora persica) as a toothbrush because it has mechanical and chemical effects such as essential oil and bicarbonate which can stimulate salivary secretion. Thus, it will increase the buffer capacity and salivary pH lead to enamel remineralization. Objective: This study aimed to know the effect of toothbrushing with miswak (Salvadora persica) on salivary pH. Methods: The clinical experiment study with pre-test and post-test control group design. The sample of this study is the students of Faculty of Dentistry, Andalas University, Padang. There are 34 students that divided into two groups randomly that is case and control group. Case group used miswak while control group used conventional toothbrush, respectively brushing horizontally for 2 minutes. Salivary pH was measured using digital pH meter in scale of 0.0 to 14.0 with 0.1 sensitivity from pen type pH meter. The data analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test continued by paired t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: paired t-test produced significant value p=0,001 in case group and p=0,000 in control group. Mann-Whitney test produced significant value p=0.317. There was no significant difference in statistic among these groups. Conclusion: Toothbrushing with miswak has effect on salivary pH. Miswak as effective as toothbrush on salivary pH Keywords:Toothbrushing, miswak (Salvadora persica), Salivar

scholarly journals Evaluation of hydrogel use in the development of Rapanea ferruginea with water restriction by vibrational Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Douglas Cubas Pereira ◽  
Breno Pupin ◽  
Kumiko Koibuchi Sakane
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Water Band ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluated the use of hydrogel on the development of Rapanea ferruginea under water restriction through Vibrational Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR). Seedlings of approximately 30 cm height were transferred in pots with 3 L of soil. The group of seedlings was separated into 5 different triplicate treatments according to the amount of hydrogel, as follows: H1 (25%), H2 (20%), H3 (15%), H4 (10%) and S (control without hydrogel). The applied hydrogel was mixed homogeneously with the soil. All treatments were irrigated with 40 mL of water. FTIR spectra were obtained from fresh leaves collected during 13 months of monitoring. The correlation of the hydroxyl (water) band with the main biomolecules between treatments with the control was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). The biomolecule bands were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The results indicate a significant correlation of the water band with the lipid, hemicellulose, cell wall and starch components in the species. The use of hydrogel resulted in a significant difference in the water absorption band in relation to the control group through the Mann-Whitney test and in biomolecules as the HCA and PCA analysis suggested. The best development was observed in groups H4 (10%), H2 (20%) and H3 (15%). The use of hydrogel positively influences the biomolecular development of the Rapanea ferruginea and monitoring is viable by FTIR. Keywords: FTIR infrared spectroscopy, plant water management, superabsorbent polymer.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS POSISI TANGAN PENOLONG DALAM PENCEGAHAN RUPTUR PERINEUM PADA PERSALINAN NORMAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mulyati Priyantini ◽  
Yuli Trisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
U Value ◽  
Quota Sampling

ABSTRAKFokus utama asuhan persalinan adalah pencegahan komplikasi untuk mengurangi angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu. Salah satu upaya adalah mencegah terjadinya ruptur perineum. Posisi tangan yang dipakai penolong persalinan kala II untuk mencegah ruptur perineum antara lain posisi tangan APN dan Varney. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antara posisi tangan penolong menurut APN dan menurut Varney dalam mencegah ruptur perineum spontan pada kala II persalinan di RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan populasi seluruh persalinan spontan di RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto. Sampel yang digunakan adalah quota sampling  sebanyak 30 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Metode analisis data menggunakan uji U Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Kejadian ruptur perineum pada posisi tangan menurut APN sebanyak 93,3%, sedangkan menurut Varney sebanyak 86,7%. Hasil analisa statistik uji U Mann-Whitney didapatkan p value = 0,550 (p>0,005) sedangkan U value  = 33,000 (Uh < U t ), artinya tidak ada perbedaan bermakna, tetapi posisi tangan Varney lebih baik dengan selisih ruptur 6,6%. Posisi tangan penolong menurut Varney lebih efektif daripada posisi tangan menurut APN dalam pencegahan ruptur perineum spontan pada kala II persalinan, tetapi keduanya tidak memberikan perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian ruptur perineum. Penolong persalinan dapat menemukan metode yang paling tepat dalam meminimalisir kejadian ruptur perineum spontan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu.Keyword : Posisi tangan penolong, ruptur perineumEFFECTIVENESS OF HANDLING POSITION IN PREVENTION OF PERINEUM RUPTURE IN NORMAL LABORABSTRACTMain focus of delivery care is preventing the complication to reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality. One of the efforts to prevent the occurance of perineal rupture. The position hand which is used birth attendant in the second stage of labor to prevent perineal rupture among others APN and Varney hands position. The goal of this reasearch is to know the effectiveness between APN and Varney hands position to prevent spontanoeus perineal rupture in the second stage of labor in RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto. This reasearch was observational analytic by approachment cross sectional with population of this reasearch was all of spontaneous delivery in RSIA ‘Bunda arif’ Purwokerto and the sample used quota sampling, it’s about 30 sample can be a inclusion criteria. The analyze method data used U Mann-Whitney test. The result of this experiment are precentage of spontaneous perineal rupture by  APN hands position is 93,3%, while by Varney is 86,7%. Result of statistic analysis used U Mann-Whitney test is p value = 0,550 (p>0.005) and U value  = 33,000 (Uh < U t). It means, not significant difference, but Varney hands position better by a margin of 6.6%. the conclusion are varney hands position is more effective than APN hands position in  prevention spontaneous perineal rupture in the second stage of labor, but both not significant for perinel rupture. Suggestion : Birth attendants can find the most appopriate method to minimize perineal ruptured to reduce maternal morbidity and mortalityKeyword : APN & Varney hands position, and perineal rupture.

Quantification of Foetal Cells In Foetal Maternal Haemorrhage (FMH): Comparison of 3 Methods

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4406-4406
Author(s):  
Joyce Overfield, and Pei ◽  
Lun Karen Lim
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Foetal Cell

Abstract Abstract 4406 Methods of quantification of foetal red cell in maternal blood samples are important to ensure the correct administration of prophylactic anti-D to prevent sensitisation of the mother which may result in haemolytic disease of the newborn and foetus in subsequent pregnancies. We aimed to assess the accuracy of 3 methods: a gel card technique using anti-D and 2 acid-elution techniques, foetal cell detection kit (FCD, Inverclyde Biologicals Lanarkshire, Scotland) and a kit from Clin-Tech Limited (Guildford, England) based on the Kleihauer-Betke foetal stain technique (KBT), to quantifiy foetal red cells in maternal samples. The sensitivity of the gel method was also assessed. A total of 63 maternal blood samples and 30 man-made control blood samples were analysed, with only 57 maternal samples confirmed to be Rh D negative. Rh D positive samples were excluded. All samples were run concurrently with the 3 methods, according to manufacturers’ instructions. Mann Whitney test was used to compare the results. The gel technique was recorded in terms of grading of agglutination while the acid-elution kits were recorded by degree of FMH (mL). Column agglutination was also used to assess sensitivity. Results showed only 3 maternal samples were positive for FMH using the acid-elution method but not the gel technique. Statistically there was no significant difference between the techniques (Mann-Whitney test). Sensitivity of the gel method showed that it has the ability to detected FMH of more than 3mL whilst the 2 kits were able to detect FMH of 1mL. The study showed that gel technique required little skill to perform but it was not considered suitable for accurate quantification of FMH and consequently for the correct administration of prophylactic anti-D. The foetal cell detection kit (Inverclyde Biologicals) showed a similar ability to detect and quantify FMH when compared to the Kleihauer –Betke kit (Clin-Tech) with better overall staining intensity. The Kleihauer-Betke test from Clin-Tech and the foetal cell detection kit from Inverclyde Biologicals showed no significant difference (p = 0.98), thus there is no statistical significant difference between the 2 methods. However, the sensitivity of the column agglutination method was lower, as significant agglutination could only be observed with FMH of more than 3mL. The expected values were plotted based on Gomez-Arbones et al (2002), who cited significant agglutination seen when FMH is 0.1% or about 2.5mL. Sensitivity was found to be less than expected as a higher amount of bleed is required to observed significant agglutination. The FMH sample representing 1–6mL was repeated and similar findings were recorded, as significant agglutination was only observed when FMH was 4mL. The column agglutination method is not suitable as a quantitative measurement of FMH as it only allows qualitative analysis, thus if it is incorporated into a clinical setting, it must be accompanied by a quantitative test. The foetal cell detection kit has similar staining capabilities to detect foetal cells and compared to Clin-Tech was easier to use as there is no need to prepare eluting solution unlike the latter. However, fixing solution was not provided and hence need to be prepared. Results showed that only 3 maternal samples were positive for the presence of FMH and thus using a semi-quatitative acid-elution technique should be sufficient in FMH quantification unless FMH using the acid-elution technique exceeds 2mL, as recommende,d by the BCSH guidelines (2009), then the sample should be analysed using flow cytometry. Acknowledgments: Central Manchester Hospitals Transfusion Laboratory for the provision of blood samples. Performed as part of MSc Biomedical Science project, funded by Mancheste Metropolitan University. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Colonies Number of the Germs Formed Post Operation between the Utilization of Single, Double, and Orthopedic Gloves in Closed Fracture Operations More Than 2 Hours

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Deni Maulana ◽  
Yoyos Dias Ismiarto ◽  
Widya Arsa
Keyword(s):  
Colony Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Closed Fracture ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Surgical Gloves ◽  
Glove Perforation ◽  
Fracture Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Operation

Abstract: Post-operative infection is still one of the most common nosocomial diseases that can cause great losses because it will increase the length of stay, use of drugs, and reduce the quality of life of the patients. The risk will increase if the number of colonies is> 105 bacteria per gram of tissue. Various ways have been done to reduce the number of bacteria in the operation area, including the use of surgical gloves. This study analyzed the comparison of the level of bacterial colonies that grew on the surface of single, double, and orthopedic surgical gloves in closed fracture management for more than 2 hours at Hasan Sadikin Hospital. The statistical analysis was done with p-value = 0.011 (<0.05), which means a significant difference in the number of germ colonies that grow between single, double, and orthopedic gloves. Double gloves and orthopedic gloves have a better ability to reduce bacterial colony growth. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the number of bacterial colonies formed between double gloves and orthopedics. Perforation is a factor affecting the number of germ colonies that formed. The use of double gloves and orthopedic gloves in closed fracture surgery for more than 2 hours shows the number of bacterial colonies formed is less than single gloves. There was a significant difference in the rate of perforation between standard surgical gloves and orthopedic gloves. Keywords: Bacteria colony, Single glove, Double glove, Orthopaedic glove, Perforation

scholarly journals Comparison of Motor Skills and Postures of Elite Male Teenage Volleyball and Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-239
Author(s):  
Ali Fatahi ◽  
◽  
Behshad Panjehzadeh ◽  
Zahrah Koreli ◽  
Haniyeh Zehtab Asghari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players

Objective: To achieve the excellent levels of athletic performance, professional athletes need to do continuous exercises and strengthen special muscles of the body and have to spend a lot of time training in that sport. As a result, depending on the prevailing condition of each sport, the physical orientation and the degree of abnormalities of the athletes in that sport are affected. Methods: The current study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The statistical population was 12-14 years old boys in middle and high school. The statistical sample of this study included 30 people (13 volleyball players and 17 basketball players) with a targeted training rate of at least three sessions per week. The Chippaux Smirak Index (CSI) method was used to evaluate the arch of the foot and to determine the angles and degrees of kyphosis and lordosis in radiographs. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the variables of motor skills and posture by SPSS V. 18 at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The results of independent t-test to compare the variables of motor skills in the two groups of volleyball and basketball show that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the Sargent test and 4mX9m (P=0.000) (P≥0.05). The results were different in strength test (P=0.41) and Sit-up (P=0.75) so that there was no significant difference between the two groups (P≥0.05). The results of Mann-Whitney test to compare posture-related variables showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the parameters of varus, valgus, pronation, supination, lordosis, kyphosis, foot flat (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that volleyball players have more impressive and explosive power than basketball players, but in terms of muscle strength and endurance, there is not much difference between these two groups, which is probably due to the nature and specific characteristics of their sports. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more attention to athletes’ training programs to improve their motor skills and physical condition. In this study, the behavior and common habits of the subjects in interaction with the environment and hereditary characteristics have not been studied, so more research is needed in the etiology of musculoskeletal abnormalities.

scholarly journals Heme Oxygenase1 Level in Normotensive Pregnancy and Preeclampsia with Severe Features

2017 ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Christian Homenta ◽  
John J Wantania ◽  
Juneke J Kaeng
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
P Value ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normotensive Pregnancy

Objective: To understand the relationship of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) level between normotensive pregnancy and preeclampsia with severe features. Method: The cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi/Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado. The subjects consisted of 26 pregnant women with normal blood pressure and 26 women with severe features of preeclampsia. We took the patients’ history, general physical examination, and laboratory assessment. The blood samples were taken from normotensive women more than 20 weeks of pregnancy and preeclamptic women with severe features more than 20 weeks of pregnancy. The data obtained was processed using SPSS 20.0 software. We did the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test to analyze the relationship between heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) level in normotensive pregnancy and preeclampsia with severe features. Result: The level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in normotensive pregnant women was at 3.24 (SD 0.58) ng/ml (95% CI 3.00-3.47), and the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) of preeclamptic women with severe features was 3.92 (SD 0.73) ng/ml (95% CI 3.62-4.21). The result of Mann-Whitney test showed p value of 0.001 which meant that there was significant difference in the level of heme oxygenase- 1 (HO-1) between normotensive women and pre-eclamptic women with severe features. Conclusion: There was the relationship between the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the incidence of preeclampsia with severe features. Keywords: heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), normotensive pregnancy, preeclampsia with severe features

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