scholarly journals Challenges Faced by Arabic Madrasas in Sri Lanka and Proposed Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-252
Author(s):  
MZM Nafeel
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Present Context ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Secondary Information

Learning different languages for different reasons in addition to the mother tongue is essential in the present context, like learning Arabic in Sri Lanka. Arabic is the language of religion of Islam. Muslims in Sri Lanka have been learning this language since the emergence of Islam for religious purposes. Religious educational institutions were established many years ago in Sri Lanka. These institutions (madrasas) for teaching the Holy Quran and religious sciences appeared in the late eighteen centuries. However, there are shortcomings in these educational institutions in terms of their educational and administrative activities. A study on "Challenges faced by Arabic Madrasas in Sri Lanka", aims to reveal the entry of Arabic into Sri Lanka and its status. It also identifies the challenges and difficulties faced by these institutions in teaching Arabic. To obtain accurate scientific results, this study follows the descriptive qualitative method, using primary and secondary information, primary data was collected through interviews with specialists in teaching Arabic. For secondary data, books and other authentic documents were studied. In this study, the researcher has identified difficulties in teaching Arabic in the Sri Lankan context; designing teaching materials due to lack of agreement among the institutions, difficulties in appointing efficient teachers since the salaries are not attractive, unavailability of good environment for education and the lack of modern equipment.

Dividend policy determinants of Sri Lankan firms: a triangulation approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kent Baker ◽  
N. Jayantha Dewasiri ◽  
Weerakoon Banda Yatiwelle Koralalage ◽  
Athambawa Abdul Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the dividend policy determinants of Sri Lankan firms and why they pay dividends.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses several quantitative approaches to investigate dividend determinants using market (secondary) data of 190 Sri Lankan firms and 1,330 firm-year observations. Dividend determinants are also identified using survey (primary) data from 141 of the 190 firms. Triangulation is then used to facilitate validation of the data through cross-verification from two data sources.FindingsAnalysis of the market data reveals that firm size, industry impact, corporate governance, free cash flow, earnings, past dividends, profitability, investment opportunities, net working capital, concentrated ownership structure and investor preference represent the most important dividend determinants. Survey data confirm these findings. The evidence supports the pecking order, signaling, free cash flow, catering and outcome theories using both secondary and primary data and the bird-in-the-hand theory using survey data.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are useful not only for corporate decision makers in establishing an appropriate dividend policy but also for shareholders in making investment decisions. Because the current study is limited to Sri Lanka, future researchers should study the same phenomenon in other countries using the triangulation approach.Originality/valueThis study provides a hybrid approach to dividend policy research by using both primary and secondary data in a single study. It is the first dividend study in Sri Lanka to use a triangulation approach.

scholarly journals Common Mistakes in Creating Sentences Consisting of a Subject and Predicate and in Translating them to Tamil: A Case Study of Undergraduates of the Department of Arabic Language of South Eastern University of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Zunoomy M.S. ◽  
Munas M.H.A.
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
South Eastern

Nominal sentence is a specific aspect of a language. It consists of a subject and predicate. The predicate reflects the subject. Second language learners of Arabic at the level university face difficulties in creating sentences consisting of a subject and predicate and in translating them into Tamil. At the same time, they have learned Arabic grammar in Sri Lankan Arabic Colleges with the 5 – 7 years and also Tamil is their native language. Thus, this research aims to identify the grammar errors when writing nominal sentences and to translate them to Tamil and to rely on the reasons for them. To this, the research uses descriptive analytical methodology through a quantitative approach. It uses a questionnaire for primary data among the undergraduates of the Department of Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. At the same time, secondary data were gathered from researches, books, articles, website articles. The research finds that the undergraduate has the enough theoretical knowledge about the nominal sentence and they have no confuse to develop a nominal sentence. At the same time, in the practical part, they are neutral level in writing a nominal sentence, in finding the error from them a, and in translating them into Tamil. Hence, the practical part is difficult for the undergraduates than the theoretical part.

Investigating Occupation Wise Perception of Customers Towards Access to Cooperative Banking Services

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Andotra ◽  
Tarsem Lal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Cooperative Banks ◽  
Secondary Information

The present paper aims at investigating the occupation-wise perception of customers towards access to cooperative banking services. The study is both expressive and evaluative in nature. In order to investigate the perception of customers towards access to cooperative banking services, both primary and secondary data has been collected. The primary data have been collected from 540 customers of cooperative banks operating in three northern states of India i.e J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab. The technique of factor analysis has been used through SPSS (version 17.00) with Principal Component Analysis along with varimax rotation for summarisation of the total data into minimum factors. Secondary information was collected from published sources i.e books, journals, files, cooperative bulletins, organizational reports, annual drafts of Planning and Statistical Department (Government of J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab), RBI reports, magazines, and Internet. ANOVA has been applied for data analysis. The results of the study shows that there exits significant means difference between perception of customers towards access to Cooperative banking service.

CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS TO ENHANCE THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: EVIDENCE FROM SRI LANKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
T.M.A. Tennakoon ◽  
Kennedy Gunawardena ◽  
S.P. Premaratne
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Education System ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Developed Nations

This study through an exploratory approach review the challenges and constraints faced in enhancing entrepreneurship education in developing countries using Sri Lanka as a case study. Previous studies on the subject matter is very scarce and even in international journals only few papers appeared on entrepreneurship education in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to study the current entrepreneurship education system in Sri Lankan state universities with reference to challenges and constraints and to propose an action plan to raise entrepreneurship education in Sri Lanka to be in par with that of developed nations so that these universities can act as the centerpieces of business innovations and entrepreneurship development. This paper employs an exploratory study approach by analyzing current entrepreneurship education system in Sri Lanka by reviewing secondary data such as various journals and government publications to build the arguments and recommendations outlined. Among constraints and challenges for the development of entrepreneurship education, lack of resources, lack of entrepreneurial skills in lecturers, poor stake-holder engagement, weak government policies and industry � university gap are common to most developing countries. In addition with its free education policy, Sri Lankan universities are faced with strict university entrance procedures and lack of selection of desired courses for majority of students. Findings of this study and salient suggestions will be an invaluable toolkit for policy makers to design effective strategies for entrepreneurship education in developing countries.

scholarly journals Study On The Pesantren Education In The Perspective Of Kiai Sahal Mahfudh And Its Relevance With The Development Of Contemporary Pesantren

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Siti Umayah ◽  
Junanah Junanah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Right

Pesantren, Islamic boarding school, as Islamic educational institutions by setting the main objectives of Islamic education is simply to generate the Santri (students) to explore religious knowledge (tafaqquh fid-din). However, since the 1970s Pesantren began to open up indicating that Islamic boarding schools with their dynamics required recognition by the community about their existence. Kiai Sahal Mahfudh, a Pesantren intellectual figure with a traditional background helped encourage the Pesantren to be able to respond to modernization and the demands of society in the right way. Kiai Sahal Mahfudh presents himself as a figure with transformative, innovative and visionary vision in transforming Pesantren education. He argued that Pesantren education cannot be separated from its two potentials: religiosity and social potential. This study aimed to determine the perspective of Pesantren education based on the perspective of Kiai Sahal Mahfudh and its relevance to the development of contemporary Pesantren. This study is a library research using the primary data in the form of Nuansa Fiqh Sosial, papers, or any works of Kiai Sahal Mahfudh. Meanwhile, the secondary data were in the form of books related to the Pesantren or AZJAF Vol.1 No. 2 (Special Issue 2021) Page 24 the thoughts of Kiai Sahal Mahfudh. The analysis technique used content analysis in which the phases of analysis started by determining the problems, formulating the frame of thoughts and preparing the methodology devices, data analysis and data interpretation.The results of this research showed that the teaching of the kitab kuning needs the abilty to understand contextually for solving contemporary social problems. The formulation of the objectives of pesantren education in preparing righteous and akram people in line with the functions of humans personally as khalifah of Allah who also carry out social functions to prosper and manage the earth.The da’wah islamiyyah or propagative potential in pesantren is not only articulated in word but also in deeds or da’wah bil hal. For kiai Sahal Mahfudh, da’wah can also in the form of community empowerment. Both have the same end goals. These are relevant and in accordance with the direction of development of contemporary pesantren which wants pesantren to no longer only carry out their traditional functions as religious educational institutions, but also as social community institutions.

scholarly journals PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DI SMP SYABAB AL-FATIH SRI MULYA KECAMATAN PAMPANGAN KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Indah Anggara ◽  
Fitri Oviyanti ◽  
Irja Putra Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Positive Guidance ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The Planting of Islamic Religious Education Values ​​in the Formation of Environmental Concerned Characters is a process to be achieved by educational institutions because by planting these noble values, one can know the extent to which students' awareness of caring for the environment by looking at the character development that grows in themselves gradually. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. In this study using descriptive qualitative data analysis. The source of data in this study is primary data that is data obtained through observation and interviews with informants, while secondary data is obtained through documentation. Based on the results of the study showed that the inculcation of Islamic religious education values ​​in the formation of environmental care characters in Syabab Al-Fatih Sri Mulya Middle School, Pampangan District, Ogan Komering Ilir District was sufficient because the training, guidance, and learning efforts undertaken by all school members were able shape the character of caring for the environment through religious activities, SEMUTLI cleanliness program, and clean Friday conducted at school Likewise, factors that influence the formation of character consisting of internal and external factors. And also, can’t be separated from the role of teachers, students, the environment, and parents, who provide positive guidance and direction to foster the character of environmental care in students.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of Similarity and Contrast Of Arabic Sounds in Indonesian Language (ar)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Sirdiono Nata Akbar ◽  
Muflihah Muflihah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
Conducting Research

It is unthinkable that errors in the pronunciation of Arabic voices can hinder understanding and lead to ambiguity and ambiguity in meaning. This study aims to determine the sound errors that researchers witnessed in Luqman al-Hakim Surabya school students. This study uses descriptive and qualitative methods for field research. The source of the data consists of primary data (samples of class II A students) and secondary data found from references related to research. While the method for collecting research data is using observation and interviews. After conducting research at the Luqman Al-Hakim School in Surabaya, the researcher found a sound error, namely the mention of letters that are similar to Tatwiriyah errors and errors in the mention of sounds in Arabic that are not found in Indonesian, namely the Prayer of Blessing. the cause of errors in the mention of the sound of Arabic in class II A students at Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya School is ignorance and lack of application of rules in terms of sound also because of the influence of mother tongue, namely Indonesian.It is unthinkable that errors in the pronunciation of Arabic voices can hinder understanding and lead to ambiguity and ambiguity in meaning. This study aims to determine the sound errors that researchers witnessed in Luqman al-Hakim Surabya school students. This study uses descriptive and qualitative methods for field research. The source of the data consists of primary data (samples of class II A students) and secondary data found from references related to research. While the method for collecting research data is using observation and interviews. After conducting research at the Luqman Al-Hakim School in Surabaya, the researcher found a sound error, namely the mention of letters that are similar to Tatwiriyah errors and errors in the mention of sounds in Arabic that are not found in Indonesian, namely the Prayer of Blessing. the cause of errors in the mention of the sound of Arabic in class II A students at Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya School is ignorance and lack of application of rules in terms of sound also because of the influence of mother tongue, namely Indonesian.

scholarly journals Understanding the Patterns of Processed Seafood Exports from Sri Lanka: Application of the Gravity Model to Quantify the Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
Kariyawasam Pinikahana Gmage Lahiru Sandaruwan ◽  
Suvajit Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Export Revenue ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Postharvest Loss ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

Background: Grabbing the emerging opportunities, from the escalated global demand for processed seafood due to the modern lifestyle induced changes in the food consumption pattern of the households, could be a great advantage for Sri Lanka to increase its international trade activity. This could also help Sri Lanka earn more revenues by adding value through the processing of the raw fish and through that eliminating high postharvest loss during the peak seasons. Objective: This research intends to study the patterns of global and Sri Lankan trade in the seafood sector and identifies the determinants in terms of their impacts on the processed seafood export. Methods: The Gravity Model was run with the secondary data collected from UNCOMTRADE. The panel data include seafood export data of Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2014 with 107 countries and 144 products. Results: However, only one % of the Sri Lankan processed seafood adds value to the ultra-processed level, so it cannot reach the maximum potentials in job creation and profitability. This study has found that the elasticity values of tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs) are higher for the processed seafood than the unprocessed seafood. This way, the processed seafood becomes more vulnerable to changes in tariff and NTMs than the unprocessed seafood. Conclusions: The conversion of unprocessed seafood into processed seafood can improve the export revenue for Sri Lanka but these conversions are increasing the vulnerability of seafood exports due to the stringent market barriers.

scholarly journals Agreement and Consensus Between Government and Rebellion Groups During War Politics in Ampara District of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Athula Withanawasam
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Governmental Politics ◽  
Dual Power

This article is about the agreement and consensus between government and rebellion groups during war politics with special reference to Ampara district in Sri Lanka. The article argues that war causes transforming normal pattern of politics if we perceive of war as power struggle. The article further argues that to understand politics and power struggle during war requires conceptualization of war politics. Therefore, this article has attempted to conceptualize war politics and applied it to understand the nature and content of war politics in Sri Lanka in general and in Ampara district in particular during the period of protracted civil war. The data for the study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were extracted from the extensive field works while secondary data were collected from desk analysis. The above data were descriptively analyzed and presented in this paper as summaries of arguments and author’s interpretation. This study has found that war causes dual power making civilians and officers becoming clueless on whose orders were to be obeyed because war resulted in crisis of the state. The study has also found that war politics results in syndromes of incapacitated, establishment of dual power and existence of reciprocal understanding between government and rebellion groups during war. The study concludes that there is a probability of an emerging agreement and consensus between actors of governmental politics and war politics during wars to achieve their strategic objectives.

scholarly journals Theoretical analysis on the convergence of India and China’s interests and their impact on post-conflict Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4565-4572
Author(s):  
M.S.H.U. Karunarathne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conflict Period

Convergence of India-China interests on Sri Lankan context became critical during post conflict period as it provided the platform for these two powerful nations to check and balance their interests. This paper aims at discussing the impact of their interests on post conflict Sri Lanka. The main objective of the study is to theoretically analyze the convergence of Indo-China interests on above context and their impact on Sri Lanka. To achieve aforesaid objectives qualitative approach has been adopted and secondary data is the main type of data obtained from various sources such as books, journal articles, newspapers, government records and other relevant documents available in both printed and electronic versions. Document analysis, theoretical analysis and descriptive analysis are used to analyze data. In document analysis documents are interpreted to give meaning and it collects available data related to the study and interprets them to find out specific issues. Concepts derive from literature review and theoretical analysis helps to develop broader understanding on those issues and collect new knowledge. Descriptive analysis also used in certain areas to provide comprehensive understanding of collected data. The research findings conclude Chinese influence over the other regions seems inevitable with its rise as a global economic and military power which is perceived as a threat by India. India is also trying to match Chinese rise resulting suspicion and fear psychosis among one another’s achievements.  Both are engaged in a competition to achieve goodwill of their neighbors.  Sri Lanka has become convergence point for both India and China due to its strategic importance in the Indian Ocean and it was intensified during post conflict period. Both attempted to attract the post conflict reconstruction projects but China impressed more positively on Sri Lankan policy makers since its aid came with no influences for domestic politics. India raised the issue on reconciliation and power devolution and even supported UN resolution against Sri Lanka. Chinese approach was more peaceful and beneficial for Sri Lanka whereas India

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