DISTRIBUTION OF DELIBERATE SELF-POISONING BY SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, PRECIPITATING EVENTS, TYPE OF SUBSTANCE AND MORTALITY IN POPULATION OF HAZARA DIVISION, PAKISTAN

Background: Deliberate self-poisoning is important cause of deaths in younger population. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of deliberate self-poisoning by 12 socio-demographic factors, precipitating events, type of substance and mortality in population of Hazara Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan from October 9, 2017 to December 28, 2018. 102 deliberate self-poisoning patients were selected consecutively from population at risk. Variables were 12 socio-demographic factors, precipitating events, type of substance and mortality. All variables being categorical were described by count and percentage for sample and by confidence intervals for proportion for population at 95% confidence level. RESULTS: Deliberate self-poisoning cases (n=102) were higher in women 80.39%, in age group 18-25 years 54.90%, similar in urban 49.02% and rural 50.98%, higher in non-Pathan 74.51%, in married 57.84%, in joint family 79.41%, in up to matric education 85.29% and in housewives 52.94%, 4.90% with previous history of self-harm, 1.96% with family history of self-harm and higher in lower socioeconomic group 81.37%. The most common precipitating event was interpersonal difficulties with spouse, family members or friends 56.86%, while the most common type of substance was organophosphate 62.75%. Mortality was 3.92%. Conclusion: Deliberate self-poisoning was more prevalent in women, younger age group, married, joint family, educated up to matric, housewives and lower socioeconomic status. Family conflict was most common precipitating factor. Organophosphate was most common type of substance and mortality was high 3.92%.

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Maternal co-relates of anaemia among children aged 1-3 years of age in a rural area of Meerut

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183093 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3532

Author(s):

Tanveer Bano ◽

Abhishek Agarwal ◽

Sunil Kumar Garg ◽

Harivansh Chopra ◽

Seema Jain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Education ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

History Of ◽

Iron Folic Acid ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia constitutes more than half of the anaemia burden among the under 5 children. In addition to socio-demographic factors, the maternal factors plays an important role in determining childhood anaemia. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia among 1-3 year old children and to find their association with maternal factors.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in a sub centre village under Machhra CHC. Sample size was calculated as 182 by taking the prevalence of anaemia as 79% with 7.5% relative precision and 95% confidence interval. From the list of 404 children obtained from MCTS data, 200 children were selected randomly. Detailed information regarding socio demographic factors and maternal factors was obtained on a pre tested and pre designed questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using haemo check rapid diagnostic kit. The data was collected and analyzed on epi info 3.7.2 using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Out of 200 children 77.5% of them were suffering from mild to severe anaemia. Among all the maternal factors studied maternal education, iron folic acid consumption during pregnancy, birth order of the index case and history of exclusive breast feeding were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of anaemia among the children.Conclusions: The present study revealed a high prevalence of anaemia in children and maternal factors plays an important role in determining the disease.

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Generic health literacy of adolescents in Germany: Results of a nationwide cross-sectional survey

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

S Jordan ◽

OM Domanska ◽

AK Loer

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Health Information ◽

Online Survey ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Health Related ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background For developing effective interventions to promote health literacy in adolescence, differentiated data on the distribution of health literacy levels is required, but still lacking for this age group in many countries. The study aims to measure the distribution of generic health literacy (GHL) among adolescents addressing cognitive, behavioural, communicative and motivational dimensions of GHL. Methods We conducted a representative nationwide cross-sectional online survey among 14-17-year-olds living in Germany (n = 1,235). Data on GHL were collected from 09.2019-12.2019 using the “Measurement of Health Literacy Among Adolescents”-Questionnaire (MOHLAA-Q). It was specially developed for this age-group and consists of a total of 29 items in four subscales: A: “Difficulties in Dealing with Health-Related Information”, B: “Health-Related Communication Skills”, C: “Attitudes toward One's Own Health & Health Information” and D: “Health-Related Knowledge”. We also collected data on socio-demographic factors. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out. Results About half of the 14-17-year-olds reported many (8.4%) or some difficulties (42.2%) in dealing with health information. We observed low communication-related skills in 28.1% of adolescents. Regarding the attitude towards their own health and health information, 56.8% of respondents had a rather “partly passive/partly active” attitude and 8.8% had a “passive” attitude. 22.7% of the adolescents had a low level of health-related knowledge. All socio-demographic factors apart from age showed significant differences in each of the scales: by family affluence in all scales, by gender and by educational level in 3 scales and by migration background in 1 scale. Conclusions The results indicate a need for promoting GHL among adolescents. The differences in the four scales suggest that all dimensions of GHL should be addressed, but also considering socio-demographic factors at the same time.

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A cross sectional study of behavioral problems of secondary school children and related socio-demographic factors

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172483 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 2760

Author(s):

Monika S. Masare ◽

Seema S. Bansode-Gokhe ◽

R. R. Shinde ◽

R. R. Shinde

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

School Children ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Abnormal Behavior ◽

Behavioural Problems ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: School-going children form an important vulnerable segment of the nation’s population. Children in the school-going age group of 5 to 16 years constitute a total of 30% of the total population. School age is a dynamic period of physical growth and development, when the child undergoes rapid mental, emotional, and social changes. Therefore, school-going children are susceptible groups for psychiatric disorders especially behavioural problems. The present research was carried out with an objective to study the behavioural problems of secondary school children and its relation to the various socio-demographic and socio-economic factors.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted on 304 secondary school children studying in 8th and 9th standard in the regarding socio-demographic profile and Strength and difficulties questionnaire. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.Results: In this study, the prevalence of abnormal behavioral according to self-rated SDQ was found to be 1.6% while prevalence of borderline abnormal behavior was 11.2% and majority 87.2% of study subjects were normal having no behavioral problem. The combined borderline and abnormal behavioral problems were more prevalent in the age group of 12-13year (64.1%) and 13-14 years (30.8%), also more prevalent among girls (69.2%) compared to boys (30.8%). The prevalence of behavioral problems was higher among students studying in 9th standard (74.4%, 29/39) and studying in Hindi medium (61.5%). The incidence was found to be more in students who belongs to nuclear families (79.5%) and also was more among those who were first born compared to middle born and last born children. Majority of fathers were working as semiskilled (41.4%) and skilled (32.9%) workers, among the father’s alcohol users (45.06%) were high compared to the tobacco users (31.9%).Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors and occupation of father and alcohol consumption among them was found to be significantly associated with the behavioural problems of the study subjects.

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Study of socio-demographic factors causing interruption of anti-tuberculosis treatment in DOTS centre in Warangal district of Telangana State

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174632 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 4107

Author(s):

Tagaram Ramchandra ◽

N. Pragathi Kumar ◽

Niharika Lakkoju

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Family ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tribal Area ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Tribal Areas

Background: Tuberculosis has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. It causes ill-health in millions of people each year and in 2015 it was one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Understanding the specific reasons for unsuccessful outcomes is important to improve the treatment system. This present study was carried out to find out the effects of socio-demographic factors on TB defaulters under DOTS centre in Warangal District, Telangana state.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried among 103 defaulters of TB patients in 3 TB units (TU) Warangal (urban), Ragunathapally (rural) and Eturunagaram (tribal) out of 7 TB units in Warangal district, attached to District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC) from January 2016 to June 2016 by interview technique utilising a pretested and structured questionnaire to collect the data. Statistical analysis: Percentages, proportions and chi-square test were applied whenever necessary.Results: In present study, males (35%) were more than females (7.8%) and 42.8% were in the age group of 40-55 years, followed by 28.1% were 26-39 years age group. Majority of defaulters were in nuclear family (77.7%) followed by joint family (21.3%). Cost of travel as a reason for default of treatment was seen more in tribal area (16.5%) than rural (12.6%) and urban (4.8%) TUs. The TB patients residing in tribal areas are more prone to default, an important reason being the distance needed to travel to the closest health facility, availability and the need to travel by public transport.Conclusions: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which has a devastating impact on the economic wellbeing of individual and their families. Most of the defaulters were illiterates residing in tribal area. Cost of travel as a reason for default of treatment was seen more in tribal TU 17(16.5%) than urban and rural TUs.

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A cross-sectional study about socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics of male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2021.71.01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

NEERAJ J KARANDIKAR ◽

PRITISH K RAUT ◽

PRASAD K TAGAD

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Alcohol abuse is one of the major causes of death and disability globally; and a key risk factor for health, social, and economic problems in the communities. Consumption of alcohol by Indians has increased drastically due to various factors and in an unrestricted manner; and the age of initiation of drinking is progressively coming down. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients coming for treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome in the psychiatry department. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 male outpatients of alcohol dependence syndrome attending the department of psychiatry at a tertiary care hospital. Sociodemographic data and clinical details were recorded with the help of a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Nuclear family, family history of alcoholism, unmarried status, higher educational level, unemployment, and peer pressure are the factors significantly associated with early age at first drink and age of dependence on alcohol (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents having a family history of alcoholism are a high-risk group for developing alcohol dependence and should be targeted for intervention strategies. Community based-longitudinal studies are needed to understand multiple factors influencing alcohol use and recommend targeted preventive measures. Keywords: Alcohol, Alcohol dependence syndrome, Peer pressure, Intoxication, Socio-demographic factors

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A Comparison of Self-Harm Presentations to Emergency Services

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 389-397

Author(s):

Hayley Chartrand ◽

Bruce Tefft ◽

Jitender Sareen ◽

Diane Hiebert-Murphy ◽

Laurence Y. Katz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Services ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Previous History ◽

Adjustment Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

History Of ◽

Self Harm ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstract. Background: In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, the distinction between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA) is highlighted in the section of conditions for further study. Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the correlates of people who presented to emergency departments (ED) with NSSI compared with those who presented with SA and no self-harm or suicidal ideation (no SH or SI). Method: Data came from 4,772 presentations to ED of tertiary care hospitals in Manitoba, Canada, between January 2009 and June 2012. Chart reviews were conducted for presentations with NSSI ( n = 158), and a sample of SA ( n = 172) and no SH or SI ( n = 173). Results: NSSI was associated with borderline personality traits/disorders, previous history of SH, and aggression/impulsivity compared with no SH or SI. SA was associated with a lower likelihood of adjustment disorder ( OR = 0.58; 95 % CI [0.34, 0.99]) and previous history of NSSI ( OR = 0.30; 95 % CI [0.17, 0.53]) compared with NSSI. Limitations: A limitation of this study is its cross-sectional design. Conclusion: Given the distress associated with NSSI, the findings highlight the need for treatment plans that address all those who present to ED with SH regardless of intent.

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Determinants that Associated with Traveling History of COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia During Stay at Home State of Emergency

10.21203/rs.3.rs-754248/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kindu Kebede Gebre ◽

Million Wesenu Demissie

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Age Group ◽

State Of Emergency ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Gender And Age ◽

History Of ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: The recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Disease (COVID-19) has put the world on alert and impacting societies around the world in an unprecedented manner. The main aims of this study was to investigate the association among the socio-demographic factors with traveling history of COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia during stay at home state of emergency. Methods: A total of 162 respondents with COVID-19 during March 13, 2020 to May 6, 2020 in Ethiopia were used. Two sided chi-square test was used to test the association between the socio demographic factors among COVID-19 Patients. A log-complement logistic regression model was used to compute the health ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the effect of those factors. Results: The data was analyzed using 162 patients of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. An association was found between traveling history of COVID-19 infected patients and Gender (male vs female) [B =5.410, p<0.020] and Age group [a=13.082, p<0.004]. Log-complement logistic regression model showed that Gender and Age were significant factors associated to traveling history of COVID-19 Patients. Health ratio showed that increasing risk of traveling history for COVID-19 patients associated with higher number of males [ HR=0.5895, 95%CI: 0.4007-0.8672, P<0.0073] and Age group 18-39 years [HR=0.4139, 95%CI: 0.2385-0.7184, P<0.0017] on patients of COVID-19. Akaike information criteria with minimum value [AIC=1.2158] indicated that Log complement logistic regression model was fitted the data well for the similar dataset of patients’ with novel corona virus. Conclusions: Male Gender and Age group 18-39 years are significant socio-demographic factors associated to traveling history of patients with corona virus disease. Further socio-demographic investigations are required to better understand the extent of association with Gender and Age for effective intervention and fight this pandemic to preserve lives.

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Prevalence of Obesity and Its Association with Socio Demographic Factors in Obese Omani Women in the Age Group of 30-49 Years

Nutrition and Food Processing ◽

10.31579/2637-8914/067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 01-07

Author(s):

Monika Seth

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Class I ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Age Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Obesity is a severe public health issue that is escalating at an alarming rate around the world. Almost all the developed and developing nations are experiencing this health crisis at varying levels; cultural and socio-demographic factors contributing significantly. Like many other Gulf countries, Oman is also facing increasing trends in obesity and the associated morbidities which have erupted as the most challenging health concerns in Oman, especially in women. Objective: This research was done to see impact of socio demographic factors such as age, occupation, marriage, education, income on obesity in Omani women. Method: A cross sectional study was done on 398 Omani women in the age group of 30 – 49 years with “BMI” (Body Mass Index) above 30. A questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic information of subjects through interview. The anthropometric measurements such as “BMI” and “WHR” (Waist Hip Ratio) were used to classify them as class I, II and III obese statistical models. Results: Sample of 398 women included 38 % in 30-34 years, 22% in 35-40 years, 16% in 40-44 years and 23% in 45-49 years age. 21% having BMI above 40 were classified as class III, 32% were class II (BMI 35-40) and 47% of women were class I obese (BMI 30-35). 60 % of sample was from Muscat and 40% from Batina. 76% of subjects were married, 18 % single and 3 % separated. 57 % of participants were from joint families and 43 % nuclear. 36% graduates, 25% diploma, 25% till high school and 14% middle school. 43% of women were not working and 51% working. 47% of subjects had family income over Rial Omani 2000, 45% between Rial Omani 600-2000 and 8% had income below Rial Omani 600. Conclusion: Results indicate high prevalence of obesity and its association with several socio demographic characteristics. There is an urgent need for launching awareness health program focusing on healthy lifestyle.

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Demographic Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations Among Young Infants in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital, Fallujah City, Iraq

10.31487/j.gg.2020.01.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Samira T.Abdulghani ◽

Samira T.Abdulghani

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Young Infants ◽

History Of

Background: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries including our country. Registries and data on these anomalies are still primitive and poorly collated. In this study we aimed to assess the important demographic factors associated with the development of congenital anomalies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 880 infants in the 1st year of life registered in the birth defect unit in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital in the period between 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of December 2019. The prevalence rate, the pattern of anomalies and the factors associated with their occurrence were determined. Results: The prevalence rate of the group enrolled in this study was 31/1000 total births, congenital heart defects was the commonest followed by central nervous system anomalies, 58% of the infants were males, 65% had ≥ 2.5 kg birth weight & 95% were singletons. Family history of congenital anomalies was found in 31.25% of cases. The largest group of mothers (55.7%) were 21-30 years old & 92.5% of fathers were less than 45 years old. Parental consanguinity reported in 64.3% of the total cases. Only 4.5% of mothers reported history of fever during pregnancy, and none of them had history of exposure to x-ray or teratogenic drug use. Gestational hypertension was reported in 10% of the total (880) mothers, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 0.3%, while hepatitis C, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis and epilepsy, each was reported in only one mother (0.1% of the total). Regarding the outcome of pregnancy, 66.6% were live births, 24.2% were abortions and 9.2% were stillbirths. History of previous abortions was reported in 22% of cases. Urban residents accounted for 63% of the families of congenitally abnormal infants while 37% were rural. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are still a major cause for concern and tension in Fallujah society, there is serious need to establish a surveillance and good statistical system for congenital anomalies and efforts should be made to raise awareness of their occurrence and the associated risk factors in Iraq and other developing countries.

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Malaria among migrants in a university hospital in Colombia during 2018: A case series

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/0049475520981301 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 004947552098130

Author(s):

Fabián R Carreño-Almánzar ◽

Adán Coronado-Galán ◽

Sonia A Cala-Gómez ◽

Agustín Vega-Vera

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Previous History ◽

Case Series ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Imported Malaria ◽

University Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Clinical Profiles

Imported malaria has increased in Colombia since 2015 and has been attributed to migrants coming from Venezuela. We present a series of malaria cases, nested in a retrospective cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018, aimed at calculating the prevalence of medical diseases among immigrants in a University Hospital in Colombia. Among 154 immigrants admitted for medical causes between 2017 and 2018, 8 were diagnosed with malaria, all due to Plasmodium vivax. Of these, seven had uncomplicated malaria, five had a previous history of malaria, one was critically ill, but none died. We highlight that, similar to other case series of imported malaria, Latin American migrants were young, with similar clinical profiles, having a low proportion of severe cases, and P. vivax was the most frequent cause.

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