scholarly journals Crude Extract of Terminalia Chebula Fruit Effect on Gastro Intestinal Disorders Using Different Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Dusi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Home Remedies ◽  
Preclinical Trials

Terminalia chebula is an ancient medicinal herb. it is also known as Haritaki, Yellow myrobalan, Chebulic myrobalan, Yellow myrobalan, and Terminalia chebulabe longs to Combretaceae family is a major Ayurvedic medicine that is native to South Asia, predominantly from India. Apart from Ayurveda, it is commonly used in Unani and Homeopathic medicine systems. Because of the broad variety of pharmacological activities connected with the biologically active constitutents found throughout this herb, it is included in conventional medicine. The fruit contains main pharmacological activities such as Hepatoprotective activity, Cytoprotective activity Cardioprotective activity, Antidiabetic and renoprotective activity, Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Antiviral activity, Antiprotozoal activity, Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, Anticarcinogenic activity, Antimutagenic, radioprotective and Chemopreventive activity, Hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic activity, Adaptogenic and anti anaphylactic activities, Gastrointestinal motility improving and anti-ulcerogenic activity, Antispasmodic activity, Wound healing activity, Anticaries activity, Immunomodulatory activity any many are reported with scientific evidence. All these ancient applications of Terminalia chebula as home remedies have been confirmed in preclinical trials. The current evidence on the effect of Terminalia chebula intake or consumption on gastrointestinal disorders and diseases is scientifically based on preclinical and clinical trials. All these ancient applications of Terminalia chebula as home remedies have been confirmed in preclinical trials. The current evidence on the effect of Terminalia chebula intake or consumption on gastrointestinal disorders and diseases is scientifically based on preclinical and clinical trials. Study indicates different dosage of Terminalia chebula is effective to get relief from gastrointestinal troubles. Due to less number of gastrointestinal studies, there is no scientific report to consume a specific amount of dose. To prove that Terminalia chebula and its standard extracts are effective as a gastroprotective agent, more comprehensive preclinical and clinical trials are required. To reliably evaluate the appropriate dosages for specific disorders and preparation of extract of Terminalia chebula fruit in prospective human trials procedures, dose-finding preclinical studies should be conducted. There is an evident need for more patient and physician education concerning specific therapies, legislation to regulate the quality of pharmaceutical preparations, and, in particular, more clinical and pre-clinical trials to determine the value and safety of such medicaments in digestive and other disorders.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Plantago major L. in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
DO THI VIET HUONG ◽  
PHAN MINH GIANG ◽  
DO HUY HOANG ◽  
NGUYEN ANH PHUONG ◽  
TRIEU ANH TRUNG
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ic50 Values

Plantago major L. in Vietnam was investigated for its chemical composition and also evaluated the biological activities against enzyme α- glucosidase and free radicals activities. The powder mixture of dried leave and roots of this species was extracted separately by three solvents: dichloromethane, water, water:alcohol (50:50, v:v). The chemical composition of dichloromethane extract was analyzed by GC-MS system to identify eighteen components, out of which eight biologically active compounds viz. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, n-hecxadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, allogibberic acid, β-tocopherol, campesterol, γ-sitosterol, lup-20(29)-en-3-ol and friedenlan-3-one were presented. The concentration of radical scavenging activity DPPH expressed by IC50 for water, water:alcohol (50:50, v:v) and dichloromethane with 208.7, 89.3 and 62.05 μg/mL, respectively. The dichloromethane, water and water:alcohol (50:50, v:v) extract of Plantago major exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 116.4, 302.7, 195.9 μg/mL, respectively, which was comparable with acarbose (98.4 μg/mL). Plantago major L. in Vietnam may be effective inhibitors as the antidiabetic candidate and helpful to reduce the postprandial glucose levels.

scholarly journals Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum as a Medicinal Mushroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanem Bulam ◽  
Nebahat Şule Üstün ◽  
Aysun Pekşen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Diverse Groups

Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., known as “Lingzhi” in China or “Reishi” in Japan, is a well-known medicinal mushroom and traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for the prevention and treatment of bronchitis, allergies, hepatitis, immunological disorders and cancer. G. lucidum is rarely collected from nature and mostly cultivated on wood logs and sawdust in plastic bags or bottles to meet the demands of international markets. Diverse groups of chemical compounds with pharmacological activities, isolated from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of G. lucidum are triterpenoids, polysaccharides (β-D-glucans), proteins, amino acids, nucleosides, alkaloids, steroids, lactones, lectins, fatty acids, and enzymes. The biologically active compounds as primarily triterpenoids and polysaccharides of G. lucidum have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, antihistaminic effects and antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antiangiogenic activities. Several formulations have been developed, patented and used as nutraceuticals, nutriceuticals and pharmaceuticals from G. lucidum’s water or ethanol extracts and rarely purified active compounds. As the result of clinical trials, various products have commercially become available as syrup, injection, tablet, tincture or bolus of powdered medicine and an ingredient or additive in dark chocolate bars and organic fermented medicinal mushroom drink mixes such as green teas, coffees, and hot cacaos. This review has intended to give and discuss recent knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological compositions, therapeutic and side effects, clinical trials, and commercial products of G. lucidum.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Nutritional Ingredients, Biologically Active Materials, and Pharmacological Activities of Stropharia rugosoannulata Grown under the Bamboo Forest and in the Greenhouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lei Wei ◽  
Bingnian Jing ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yueying Hou ◽  
Xiaoyang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Pharmacological Activities

Evaluations of the nutritional ingredients, biologically active materials, and pharmacological activities (antibacterial and antioxidant) of two types of Stropharia rugosoannulata, grown under the bamboo forest and in the greenhouse, respectively, were carried out in this study. The nutritional ingredient tests included moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total carbohydrates, total sugar, mineral elements, vitamins, and amino acids. The biologically active material assays included total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, and reducing sugars. In addition, a broth microdilution susceptibility test was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS+ radical scavenging, ferric-reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Results showed that two types of S. rugosoannulata were rich in protein, carbohydrate, fiber, mineral, B-group vitamins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and reducing sugars, with low content of fat and low Na/K ratio. Besides, they were effective in antibacterial and antioxidant activities, while S. Rugosoannulata grown under the bamboo forest was better than the greenhouse one in some respects such as higher content of protein, calcium, selenium, nicotinic acid, folic acid, polysaccharides and triterpenoids, and stronger antibacterial and antioxidant activities. They were appropriate for functional food and nutritional supplements, especially bamboo forest.

A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF ISATIN DERIVATIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Shukla PK ◽  
Singh MP ◽  
Patel R
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Isatin Derivatives

Indole and its derivatives have engaged a unique place in the chemistry of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. The recognition of the plant growthhormone, heteroauxin, the significant amino acids, tryptamine & tryptophan and anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacine are the imperativederivatives of indole which have added stimulus to this review work. Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione), an indole derivative of plant origin. Althoughit is a naturally occurring compound, but was synthesized by Erdmann and Laurent in 1840 before it was found in nature. Isatin is a versatileprecursor for many biologically active molecules and its diversified nature makes it a versatile substrate for further modifications. It is concernedin many pharmacological activities like anti-malarial, antiviral, anti-allergic, antimicrobial etc; isatin and its derivatives have been also found todemonstrate promising outcomes against various cancer cell lines. This review provides a brief overview on the recent advances and futureperspectives on chemistry and biological aspects of isatin and its derivatives reported in the recent past.

Evaluation of Some Biological Applications of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Boletus edulis Fruiting Bodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1309-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Younis ◽  
Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Mohamed Yosri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Boletus Edulis ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Hela Cell Lines ◽  
Pleurotus Citrinopileatus

Background:: Mushrooms are deemed as a special delicacy in many countries. They are considered an important cuisine due to their bioactive ingredients and possible health benefits. Methods: Herein, we measured selected biological properties of methanol extracts of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Boletus edulis fruiting bodies including; in vitro antimicrobial activity, anti-α- glucosidase activity, antioxidant activity, anti-lipase activity and cytotoxic activity against different cancer cells and normal cells. Results: B. edulis methanol extracts showed high antimicrobial and anti-α-glucosidase activity. In contrast, P. citrinopileatus methanol extracts showed superior antioxidant activity indicated by (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH radical scavenging with half maximal inhibitory concentration of IC50 37.4 µg/ml, anti-lipase activities with IC50 65.2 µg/ml and high cytotoxicity activity against HepG2 and HeLa cell lines with IC50 22.8 and 36.7 µg/ml, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle was used to show apoptotic effects of methanol extracts against HepG2 and HeLa cells. Conclusion: P. citrinopileatus and B. edulis methanolic extracts appear to contain biologically active compounds that might be used to treat some common human diseases.

Flavones and Their Analogues as Bioactive Compounds – An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Jayashree ◽  
H. Venkatachalam ◽  
Sanchari Basu Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Poor Solubility

Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds that are known to have antioxidant properties, through their free radical scavenging abilities. They possess a chromone (γ- benzopyrone) moiety, responsible for eliciting many pharmacological activities. Even though, natural flavonoids are highly potent, owing to their poor solubility, they are less used. Therefore, attempts have been made to improve their stability, solubility, efficacy and kinetics by introducing various substituents on the flavone ring. For nearly the last two decades, flavones were synthesized in our laboratory by simple, convenient and cost-effective methods, with the knowledge of both synthetic and semi-synthetic chemistry. In this direction, it was considered worthwhile to present an overview on the synthesized flavonoids. This review creates a platform for highlighting various modifications done on the flavone system along with their biological activity.

Synthesis and antioxidant activity of new selenium-containing quinolines

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Bocchini ◽  
Bruna Goldani ◽  
Fernanda S.S. Sousa ◽  
Paloma T. Birmann ◽  
Cesar A. Brüning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Background: Quinoline derivatives have been attracted much attention in drug discovery and synthetic derivatives of these scaffolds present a range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, organoselenium compounds are valuable scaffolds in organic synthesis because their pharmacological activities and their use as versatile building blocks for regio-, chemio-and stereoselective reactions. Thus, the synthesis of selenium-containing quinolines has great significance, and their applicability range from simple antioxidant agents, to selective DNA-binding and photocleaving agents. Objective: In the present study we describe the synthesis and antioxidant activity in vitro of new 7-chloroN(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5 by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 with (arylselanyl)-amines 3. Methods: For the synthesis of 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5, we performed the reaction of (arylselanyl)- amines 3 with 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 in the presence of Et3N at 120 °C in a sealed tube. The antioxidant activities of the compounds 5 were evaluated by the following in vitro assays: 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-Like). Results: 7-Chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5a-d has been synthesized in yields ranging from 68% to 82% by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline 4 with arylselanyl-amines 3a-d using Et3N as base, at 120 °C, in a sealed tube for 24 hours and tolerates different substituents, such as -OMe and -Cl, in the arylselanyl moiety. The obtained compounds 5a-d presented significant results with respect to the antioxidant potential, which had effect in the tests of inhibition of radical’s DPPH, ABTS+ and NO, as well as in the test that evaluates the capacity (FRAP) and in the superoxide dismutase-like activity assay (SOD-Like). It is worth mentioning that 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amine 5b presented excellent results, demonstrating a better antioxidant capacity when compared to the others. Conclusion: According to the obtained results 7-chloro-N(arylselanyl)quinolin-4-amines 5 were synthesized in good yields by the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquinoline with arylselanyl-amines and tolerates different substituents in the arylselanyl moiety. The tested compounds presented significant antioxidant potential in the tests of inhibition of DPPH, ABTS+ and NO radicals, as well as in the FRAP and superoxide dismutase-like activity assays (SOD-Like).

An Overview on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Morus alba Linn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Paul ◽  
Monami Rajiung ◽  
Kamaruz Zaman ◽  
Sushil Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Hans Raj Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
White Mulberry

Background: Morus alba Linn. commonly known as white mulberry, belongs to the family Moraceae, is a promising traditional medicine. In Asia, besides its use in the preparation of delicacies, every part of this plant is utilized in traditional medicine. Over the past decade, studies related to identification and isolation of biologically active compounds, with flavonoids as the major class of phytoconstituents, from this plant has been reported. These phytoconstituents are not only found to be beneficial for the maintenance of general health but also are associated with a range of potential pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective to name a few. Objective: This review aims to provide upgraded and comprehensive information regarding the phytochemical, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological profile of the plant Morus alba Linn. Method: The significant information has been collected through various database viz. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct based on the recent findings, using different terms of Morus alba. Results: The outcome of the study suggests that Morus alba is a multifunctional plant numerous phytochemicals, and possess a range of pharmacological activities. Conclusion: The data assembled on Morus alba will be beneficial to trigger research in various fields of pharmaceutical and allied science to explore the medicinal importance of this unique plant.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Supplementation and Heart Disease: A Population-Based Diet by Gene Analysis of Clinical Trial Outcomes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Maria Luz Fernandez ◽  
Sarah A. Blomquist ◽  
Brian Hallmark ◽  
Floyd H. Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites have long been recognized to protect against inflammation-related diseases including heart disease. Recent reports present conflicting evidence on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on major cardiovascular events including death. While some studies document that n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces the risk for heart disease, others report no beneficial effects on heart disease composite primary outcomes. Much of this heterogeneity may be related to the genetic variation in different individuals/populations that alters their capacity to synthesize biologically active n-3 and omega 6 (n-6) PUFAs and metabolites from their 18 carbon dietary precursors, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic (ALA, 18:3, n-3). Here, we discuss the role of a FADS gene-by-dietary PUFA interaction model that takes into consideration dietary exposure, including the intake of LA and ALA, n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in determining the efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation. We also review recent clinical trials with n-3 PUFA supplementation and coronary heart disease in the context of what is known about fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene-by-dietary PUFA interactions. Given the dramatic differences in the frequencies of FADS variants that impact the efficiency of n-3 and n-6 PUFA biosynthesis, and their downstream signaling products among global and admixture populations, we conclude that large clinical trials utilizing “one size fits all” n-3 PUFA supplementation approaches are unlikely to show effectiveness. However, evidence discussed in this review suggests that n-3 PUFA supplementation may represent an important opportunity where precision interventions can be focused on those populations that will benefit the most from n-3 PUFA supplementation.

scholarly journals Vitamin C in the Treatment of COVID-19

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Gregorio Paolo Milani ◽  
Marina Macchi ◽  
Anat Guz-Mark
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Essential Nutrient

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that serves as antioxidant and plays a major role as co-factor and modulator of various pathways of the immune system. Its therapeutic effect during infections has been a matter of debate, with conflicting results in studies of respiratory infections and in critically ill patients. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the use of vitamin C in the prevention or treatment of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection, based on available publications between January 2020 and February 2021. Overall, 21 publications were included in this review, consisting of case-reports and case-series, observational studies, and some clinical trials. In many of the publications, data were incomplete, and in most clinical trials the results are still pending. No studies regarding prevention of COVID-19 with vitamin C supplementation were found. Although some clinical observations reported improved medical condition of patients with COVID-19 treated with vitamin C, available data from controlled studies are scarce and inconclusive. Based on the theoretical background presented in this article, and some preliminary encouraging studies, the role of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be further investigated.

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