scholarly journals The effect of the fraction of used tobacco raw materials on the quality of shisha tobacco

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
N. N. Bubnova ◽  
E. A. Bubnov ◽  
S. V. Gvozdetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Ingredient Composition

Due to the rapid growth in the production and consumption of shisha tobacco in the Russian Federation, it has become necessary to improve the technology using optimal ingredient composition in order to create a high-quality and safe tobacco product. The aim of the research is to improve the technology of manufacturing shisha tobacco based on the optimization of its ingredient composition; to study the influence of the fractional composition of raw tobacco on its quality indicators. Fractional composition of raw tobacco in the production of shisha tobacco, as well as for other tobacco products, is important and affects its quality characteristics. Virginia and Burley tobaccos of the American type are the most demanded ones in the manufacture of shisha tobacco [1]. Sometimes oriental-type tobaccos are used in the bag, which are distinguished by high taste and aromatic qualities. Due to the fact that recently there has been an increase in the demand for Doha Arabian tobacco raw material (this tobacco is known as a high-quality product with a high strength and a pleasant, full and harmonious taste), the idea has arisen to manufacture prototypes of shisha mixtures in which Doha tobacco is used [2]. The article presents the research results: to determine the optimal ingredient composition of hookah tobacco; to study the optimal fractional composition of raw tobacco of various types. As a result of the research the chemical composition of raw tobacco of various types has been analyzed, the tasting and organoleptic evaluation of the prototypes carried out and the tobacco raw material most suitable for the production of shisha tobacco determined; the nicotine content in the condensate of prototypes of shisha mixtures with different fractions of raw tobacco determined; the optimal fractional composition for various types of tobacco raw materials, necessary for the production of a quality product determined.

Microbiological and Sensory Suitability of a Novel Raw Material from Porcine Blood and Collagenous Rind Protein as an Ingredient in a Fermented Raw Salami-Type Sausage

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNHARD NOWAK ◽  
THEDA von MUEFFLING
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
B Values ◽  
Porcine Blood ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
By Products ◽  
High Quality Product

The aim of this investigation was to develop a treatment for combined porcine blood corpuscle concentrate (BCC) and porcine collagenous connective tissue (rind) so as to make more use of these slaughter by-products as an ingredient in a high-quality product such as salami-type sausage. For this study, BCC was preserved, standardized (sBCC) (15% NaCl and 25% protein content), and then added (proportion of sBCC to rind, 15:85) to rind subjected to different treatments designated A, B, and C (A, 2 h at 90°C; B, 5 min at 90°C; and C, 2 h at 3°C). One half of each mixture was again heated (designated A1, B1, and C1; F70, ∼15), and the other half was only cooled (designated A2, B2, and C2). The now colored, highly proteinaceous rind mixtures (A1 to C2) were then cooled and granulated (designated GBR-A1 to GBR-C2). Three of the granulates (GBRA1, -B1, and -B2) proved to be promising new raw materials: their aerobic plate counts were <log 4.0 CFU/g, and their color was appealing (L* values, 23.9 to 25.9; a* values, 17.7 to 22.2; b* values, 11.5 to 12.7). These granulates were then substituted for part (5%) of the meat in the production of fermented raw salami-type sausages. Two of the sausages (SA1 and SB1) were microbiologically stable (containing mainly lactobacilli) and had positive sensory, chemical, and physical properties (e.g., protein, 21%; water activity, 0.90; pH, between 5.3 and 5.4 on day 36) meeting all standards for commercially produced raw sausages. Our investigation yielded a practicable way to treat and combine two slaughter by-products for use in a high-quality meat product.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

scholarly journals High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Dang Wei ◽  
H.-Y. He
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

scholarly journals Reforestation of ‘Village Forest’ to Improve Sustaiability Creative Industries in Desa Siponjot

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 714-722
Author(s):  
Noverita Sprinse Vinolina ◽  
Antonio Marro Sipayung ◽  
Dardanila ◽  
Sondang Pintauli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Village

This program is conducted to assist Siponjot Village while empowering the people of Siponjot Village to be able to utilize and maximize the benefit of the village forest. Village forest might support the availability of raw materials required for making musical instruments, such as high quality of wood, including how to process wood waste from making musical instruments to be used as creative souvenirs and improve the economic value. The raw material for production determined its results of the production of wood-based musical instruments. Thus, in order to produce a high quality tanginang, hasapi, and gondang, which previously began to be produced by arts crafts in the Sitangkubang area of ​​Siponjot Village, a high quality of raw materials is needed. The community service team surveyed the location of planting seeds for village forest restoration, provided socialization related to the importance of village forest cultivation and the suitability of the Siponjot Village area for the cultivation of these plants. Village forest restoration aims to maintain the beauty and beauty of the village. Implementation of village reforestation activities starting from socializing forest tourism and the strength of village forests to the community, followed by a discussion about village forest management and its economic benefits. Handover of a thousand units of forest plant seedlings given to the villagers of Siponjot as part of the forest restoration program in the area.

Study of Phyto-ingredients of Wild Berry Juice

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Антонина Григорьевна Чернобровина ◽  
Наталья Николаевна Роева ◽  
Наталия Евгеньевна Куликова ◽  
Ольга Юрьевна Попова
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Ingredient Composition ◽  
Functional Components

В настоящее время к одним из наиболее приоритетных направлений пищевой промышленности относят разработку функциональных продуктов питания на основе экологически чистого сырья естественного происхождения, в том числе ягодного. При разработке новых продуктов с защитными свойствами важно учитывать ингредиентный состав сырья, оказывающий лечебно-профилактический эффект, и с этой точки зрения ягоды малины и брусники заслуживают особого внимания. С целью максимального извлечения и сохранения природных, физиологически-функциональных компонентов дикорастущих ягод (витаминов, микро- и макроэлементов, фенольных, пектиновых соединений и др.) были разработаны и созданы мультиэнзимные композиции для предобработки ягод брусники (МЭКб) и малины (МЭКм). Большой интерес вызывали исследования состава и содержания красящих веществ в исследуемых образцах. В качестве структурных элементов антоцианов в соке малины и брусники, а также в их ферментативных соках установлены дисахариды, основной структурный компонент которых - цианидин. Количественное содержание антоцианов в соке брусники и малины составило 305,4 и 106,2 мг/дм3, а в ферментативном соке брусники (БФС) и малины (МФС) - 553,7 и 146,4 мг/дм3, соответственно. Высокое содержание красящих веществ - важный критерий для использования БФС и МФС в качестве источника натуральных красителей. Установлена более высокая антиоксидантная активность в БФС и МФС (соответственно в 1,3 и 1,5 раза) по сравнению с соком, полученным без применения ферментных препаратов. Следовательно, ферментативный сок ягод обладает высокими антиоксидантными свойствами и служит источником натуральных красителей, поэтому его можно рассматривать как перспективный сырьевой полуфабрикат при производстве продуктов питания функциональной направленности, оказывающих благотворное регулирующее действие на организм человека. Currently, one of the priority areas of the food industry is the development of functional food products based on environmentally friendly raw materials of natural origin, including berry. When developing new products with protective properties, it is important to take into account the ingredient composition of the raw materials, which has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect, and from this point of view, raspberries and lingonberries deserve special attention. In order to maximize the preservation and extraction of natural, physiologically functional components of wild berries (vitamins, micro - and macroelements, phenolic compounds, pectin and other substances) were developed and created multienzymatic compositions for the pretreatment of lingonberry (MEKb) and raspberry (MEKm). Of great interest were studies on the characterization and content of dyes in the samples being studied. As structural elements of anthocyanins in raspberry and lingonberry juice, as well as in their enzymatic juices, disaccharides were established, the main structural component of which is cyanidine, and the quantitative content of anthocyanins (mg/dm3) in the juice of lingonberry and raspberry, corresponded - 305.40 and 106.20, and in the enzymatic juice of lingonberry and raspberry - 553.70 and 146.40. The high content of dyes is an important criterion for the use of BFS and MFS as a source of natural dyes. A higher antioxidant activity was found in BFS and MFS (1.3 and 1.5 times, respectively) compared with juice obtained without the use of enzyme preparations. Therefore, the enzymatic juice of berries has high antioxidant properties and is a source of natural dyes, so it can be considered as a promising raw material in the production of functional foods that have a beneficial regulatory effect on the human body.

CARBON AND FUEL FROM RUBBER WASTE

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Gennadi I. Zhuravsky ◽  
Maksim I. Nitievski
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Technical Carbon ◽  
Rubber Waste ◽  
Composite Mixture

The results of studies of thermolysis waste in the environment of overheated water vapor are presented. It is shown that as a result of fractionation from liquid waste thermolysis products, gasoline and diesel fuel fractions can be obtained. It is proposed to use a composite mixture of liquid and solid waste thermolysis products as raw materials for high-grade technical carbon. Studies have shown that high-grade technical carbon can be obtained as raw materials using a composite mixture of rubber waste thermolysis products as raw materials. The technological line of obtaining technical carbon from the products of thermolysis of worn tires is described. Analysis of the ash produced by the process of burning the composite mixture shows that it contains compounds of iron, zinc and silicon. Therefore, this ash is of interest as a high-quality raw material for the production of zinc oxide, as one of the main ingredients of rubber mixtures.

Raw-Material Availability and the Organization of Technology

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Andrefsky
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Formal Tool ◽  
Lithic Raw Materials ◽  
Tool Types

Ethnographic examples of stone-tool makers in Australia and archaeological examples from three different areas in the western United States indicate that the availability of lithic raw materials is an important variable conditioning stone-tool production technology. Attributes of availability such as abundance and quality of lithic raw materials condition the production of formal- vs. informal-tool types. Poor-quality raw materials tend to be manufactured into informal-tool designs. High-quality lithic raw materials tend to be manufactured into formal-tool designs when such materials occur in low abundance. When high-quality materials occur in great abundance both formal- and informal-tool designs are manufactured. Other factors, such as residential mobility or sedentism, are found to be less-important determinates of lithic-production technology.

scholarly journals Monitoring of resource-efficient provision of Ukrainian dairy processing enterprises with high-quality raw milk on the basis of international requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 915 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
N Kushnir ◽  
A Ventsuryk ◽  
A Zhemba ◽  
D Tsaruk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The article provides information on the main problems of development of dairy enterprises in Ukraine on the criteria of sustainable development and taking into account the vector of the European integration course of the country. The level of providing milk processing enterprises with the quality of raw milk is analyzed. The main trends in the supply of raw milk from agricultural enterprises and households of Ukraine by varieties are presented and analyzed. The dynamics of milk supply and its price are also presented. It is established that the use of quality raw milk directly affects the efficiency of milk processing enterprises. Important aspects of quality control of raw dairy products at enterprises are outlined. High-quality dairy production and reduction of production costs are impossible without the functioning of the raw material quality monitoring system. To this end, it is necessary to introduce the principles of hazard analysis and critical control points in the management structure of dairy companies. It is proved that the key factor of global economic development is the state of the environment, so monitoring the supply of milk - raw materials should also be accompanied by the definition of a set of resource efficiency indicators.

scholarly journals HYDRO ISOLATION MATERIALS, LUMINOPHORE AND OTHER DEFICIENT PRODUCTS, INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12(40)) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Guram Khitiri ◽  
Ioseb Chikvaidze ◽  
Raul Kokilashvili ◽  
Tinatin Gabunia ◽  
Madona Tsurtsumia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
High Melting ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Water Proofing

One of the main objectives of the project is to develop a methodology for obtaining high quality water-proofing materials. The above- mentioned high-melting tar mass will be used as the main raw material. Especial treatment and further homogenization of the mass – mixture of high-dispersive quartz sand, silicates and other wastes – gives possibility to make various universal and inexpensive compositions. With the aim to improve hydro-insulating and other specific characteristics of the compositions they will be varied by changing the ratio of ingredients. The elasticity of these compositions is conditioned by macromolecular paraffin-ceresin and the polymeric (rubber) components; varying the strength and adhesion is possible by soluble and insoluble silicate-quartz components. The mentioned components can be got in a large amount in region. Therefore, products obtained from cheap raw materials will be inexpensive. The use of the mentioned waste is also important to avoid the pollution of nature. Operating characteristics of the proposed luminophore satisfy requirements of international standarts. In particular, the solutions made from it have an ability to detect invisible cracks of the thick < 1 mm. The light intensity in its greenish-yellow area is 4,5-5 times more than that of standard - uranyl nitrate. It is stable with high quantum efficiency (40-45%).

scholarly journals Processing of Compounded Oil Feedstock with Pre-Activation of Initial Raw Material Flows

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V. N. Torkhovsky ◽  
◽  
S. N. Antonyuk ◽  
A. B. Golovanov ◽  
S. I. Vorobyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Complex Characteristic ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Vortex Layer

In laboratory conditions, a variant of a systematic approach to the realization of experiments, involving a combination of activation and compounding of oil feedstock before primary processing, was implemented. The influence of pre-activation of raw material flows (one or both of them) in the disintegrator DA-1 and in the vortex layer apparatus on the fractional composition of compounded feedstock with the same ratio of mixed oils was studied. The possibility of priority production of the most popular fractions from various mixtures of raw materials flows has been established. Regularities of changes in the fractional composition were analyzed using a complex characteristic of oil feedstock – fluidity.

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