scholarly journals The Development of Phyto- and Tissue Origin Medicines for Veterinary Reproductive Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Pavlo Skliarov ◽  
Serhiy Fedorenko ◽  
Svitlana Naumenko ◽  
Vsevolod Koshevoy ◽  
Kateryna Pelyh
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Tissue Origin

Modern conditions of practical veterinary medicine require the use of effective and safe drugs. Along with the already known and common medicines, the search for new drugs which are harmless for the body and have the physiological direction of action is still required. In recent years, the attention to the use of phyto- and tissue-derived drugs increased. However, the problem of their use is insufficiently studied – many aspects of their clinical use require further development, expansion of the spectrum of used medicinal plants, study, and implementation into veterinary practice. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a comprehensive vitamin-hormone drugs based on phyto- and tissue medicines for the treatment and prevention of reproductive abnormalities in animals. Based on the information on the etiopathogenesis of disorders of reproductive function indicators: homeostasis, reducing of the concentration of hormones (estrogen or progesterone), changes in the morphofunctional state of endocrine (pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal gland) and reproductive (ovaries) organs, the application of vitamin-hormone drugs in veterinary medicine is scientifically sound. Drugs in terms of pathogenetic therapy can optimise homeostasis, hormone concentrations, stimulate rehabilitation processes in the regulatory organs of reproductive function (pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid) and reproductive organs (ovaries), which, in turn, contributes to the normalisation of follicles which are a prerequisite for the full reproductive capacity of females. Vitamin-hormonal medicines of herbal and tissue origin were developed, with high efficiency for the treatment and prevention of reproductive pathologies of various species of animals, providing the stimulation of reproductive function (estrus signs) for therapy of females with gonadopathies (“Carafest”, “Caplaestrol” and “Caplagonìn”) and males (display of sexual reflexes and sperm quality) for reproductive activity dysfunction (“Carafand”), increase in the viability of the newborn (increasing the number of lambs and goatlings with satisfactory clinical condition with a high-growth potential, reduce in their morbidity and lethality), preventing the incidence of ìntra- and postnatal (labor hypofunction, diseases of post-labor period) pathology (“Carafest”, and “Caplaestrol”)

scholarly journals Reviewing Effective Factors of Alimentary Deficiency in Animals Reproductive Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Pavlo Skliarov ◽  
Serhiy Fedorenko ◽  
Svitlana Naumenko ◽  
Oleksandr Onyshchenko ◽  
Alina Pasternak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts

Animal reproduction is one of the main factors limiting the efficiency of livestock production. Its optimal level is possibly achieved when certain conditions are created for animals. As reproduction is a complex reflex process depending on neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms, the character and strength of stimuli, which, in turn, is due to a number of factors. Under normal conditions, the body of animals is affected by many different factors, which are appropriately transformed and specified by positive or negative reactions. Inhibitory factors include air pool, saturated with harmful substances and gases, ionizing radiation, poor water quality along with altered redox properties, hypokinesia combined with poor unbalanced feeding, systematic chronic stress, presence of toxic substances in feed, and the deficiency of vitamins and other bioantioxidants in feed or their excessive spending. Of the wide range of genetic and paratypic factors of negative impacts on reproductive capacity, the most common one is alimentary, which causes impaired reproductive function due to deficiencies in the rules, regulations, and feeding regime of animals. In particular, the alimentary can be associated with both general malnutrition (starvation) and overfeeding (obesity). However, the alimentary form of infertility mostly occurs due to low-quality diets when the diet lacks vital components (mainly vitamins, macro-, and micronutrients) or the quantitative ratios of the ingredients are violated. This is possible even if the total nutritional value of the diet meets the established requirements for the physiological needs of the body. Vitamins, micro-, and macronutrients are ecologically deficient factors of disturbance of animal reproductive function, the influence of which is observed on all processes of reproduction, from fertilization to the postpartum period and the preservation of young animals. The pathogenesis of their insufficiency is associated with the violation of steroido-, gameto-, and embryogenesis and the emergence of ante-, intra-, neo- and postnatal pathologies, respectively. Therefore, treatments and prevention measures should be aimed at providing animals with biologically complete balanced feeding and replenishment of the body with vitamins and minerals. However, all these issues remain incompletely studied and need further research.

scholarly journals Retinol deficiency in animals: Etiopathogenesis and consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
P. M. Skliarov ◽  
S. Y. Fedorenko ◽  
S. V. Naumenko ◽  
O. V. Onischenko ◽  
K. О. Holda
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Retinol Deficiency ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
And Performance

Infertility is widespread for all species of animals and causes significant economic losses to livestock due to the loss and shortage of offspring, their reduced viability and, consequently, increased morbidity and mortality. Alimentary-deficiency factors are among the commonest causes of infertility, from which A-vitamin deficiency should be singled out. The precursor of vitamin A in the body is carotene, which is an unstable compound which is easily destroyed even under the influence of moderate factors of influence, in connection with which its deficiency is global, especially at the end of the winter – stall period of keeping animals. Accordingly it is the leading etiological factor of retinol deficiency infertility. As a result, the body has two negatives that act in parallel: carotene / vitamin A deficiency adversely affects the organs, the constituent and major functional unit of which is the secretory epithelial cell, and the free radical oxides formed in high concentration are extremely effective in destroying the cells, weakening antioxidant protection. Vitamin A has a significant effect on the reproductive function of animals both directly and indirectly. It is necessary to ensure the structure and functioning of the epithelial tissues of the organs of regulation and performance of sexual function, and therefore the physiological development of the fetus and the course of pregnancy, parturition and postpartum period, ovo- and spermiogenesis, the manifestation of sexual reflexes. Instead, its deficiency underlies the etiology and pathogenesis of retinol deficiency infertility of animals, causing changes in individual indices of homeostasis and prooxidate-antioxidant system, morphostructure of the reproductive and endocrine organs, hormonal status, sperm quality and reproductive function. The consequence is the emergence and development of gynecological, andrological, mammological and perinatal (ante-, intra-, post- and neo-) pathologies. At the same time, the addition of carotene or retinol to the diets of animals or their oral administration in cases of deficiency of vitamin A prevents impaired reproductive function. The study of the features of the etiopathogenesis of retinol deficiency infertility of animals allows programs of complex diagnostics, therapy and prevention to be developed which provide determination of carotene and vitamin A content and replenishment of the organism in cases of their deficiency.

scholarly journals Cadmium Toxicity and Reproductive Function of Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
S. S. Ostrovska ◽  
◽  
S. V. Abramov ◽  
I. A. Pisarevska ◽  
O. S. Trushenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Male Reproductive Function

The purpose of the review of foreign literature was to analyze current research on the effects of cadmium on male reproductive function. Results. According to the researcher data, at least 15–20% of cases of fertility decline in males fall on infertility. The etiology of this phenomenon in 50% of cases remains unknown, however, increasing environmental pollution contributes to a constant increase in male infertility. One of the most toxic pollutants is cadmium. Numerous animal model studies and human epidemiological studies indicate an adverse effect of cadmium on male fertility. Smoking is an important source of cadmium, which is absorbed into the human body. In vitro studies confirm the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke compounds on sperm motility and spermatozoon parameters. Depending on the concentration, nicotine suppresses the progressive motility of the spermatozoon parameters, starting from the lowest concentration used (1 ng/ml). Likewise, it decreases the percentage of viable spermatozoon parameters and increases the amount of spermatozoon parameters in late apoptosis with altered chromatin compactness or DNA fragmentation already after 3 hours of incubation. On average, the daily intake of cadmium in humans is 1.06 μg/kg body weight, the half-life of cadmium is more than 20-40 years, which causes its accumulation in the body. The testicles are the organ in which cadmium is stored in large quantities. Studies have shown that the testicles are extremely sensitive to cadmium because these organs are characterized by intense cellular activity, where vital spermatogenesis processes take place. Exposure to cadmium leads to reproductive tract abnormalities such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias, testicular cancer, subfertility or infertility, called testicular dysgenesis syndrome. In the genesis of the testicles during the embryonic and neonatal periods, Sertoli’s cells play a critical role, the development of which is influenced by cadmium. Exposure to cadmium (1-2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) in pregnant and lactating rats causes vacuolization of Sertoli’s cells and loss of cells in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules in adult animals. Cadmium inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and DNA damage in immature Sertoli’s cells. Perinatal exposure to cadmium affects the development and function of fetal Leydig cells, which are endocrine cells in the testicle. In pregnant rats that received a single dose of cadmium (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), synthesis of testosterone in the fetal tests was significantly reduced, while gene expression in cells was suppressed, and the androgen-dependent formation process was reduced. The mechanism by which cadmium mediates impaired male fertility is also associated with the production of reactive oxygen species in the testicles, which leads to oxidative stress that interferes with the development and functioning of the spermatozoon parameters. Exposure to cadmium, for both environmental and occupational reasons, can contribute to a decrease in the quality of human sperm, which confirms high toxicity of cadmium. Conclusion. Thus, in humans and other mammals, cadmium damages the male reproductive system, disrupts its structure, including the vascular system of the testicles, leads to DNA damage, inhibits functions of germ cells, leads to loss of sperm quality and quantity, sub-fertility or infertility

scholarly journals Evaluation of the reproductive ability of cows of different production types of the simmental breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
T. V. Orikhivskyi ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Service Period

In today 's conditions of intensive cattle breeding, the improvement of the reproductive qualities of cows has significant practical and scientific interest since reproductive function impairment of  cattle, shortens the period of its economic use, lowers the level of dairy productivity and therefore the profitability of the livestock industry as a whole. In this respect the reproductive metrics studying of cows of different production types of Simmental breed is important. Researches were held at agricultural limited liability company “Litinske” in the Drohobych district of Lviv oblast. It is established that the average age of the first insemination of Simmental breed animals was 549 days or 18.1 months, age of first calving – 827.3 days or 27.2 months, and the live weight in the specified physiological periods – 453.7 and respectively 529.1 kg. The duration of pregnant heifers was 278.4 days, and the duration of the service period of cows, depending on lactation, was within 89.7–94.4, the interval period – within 371.8–375.1 and the dry period – within 73.1–73.5 days. Indicators of reproductive capacity of animals depend on their production type. In particular, the first insemination and the first calving of animals of dairy production type occurred later than of animals of meat and dairy and meat types. However, heifers of dairy production type were smaller live weight during these periods compared to animals of other production types. It is found that the shortest duration of pregnancy and the longest duration of service and inter service periods were characterized by cows of dairy production type. The strength of impact of production type of animals on age of the first insemination accounted for 11.5% of the total phenotypic variability on the age of the first calving – 9,9%, on the duration of the service period – 7.8–11.0%, inter-calving – 4.8–10.4%, and on the duration of the body and the dry period was insignificant and unbelievable.

scholarly journals Pharmacological correction of technological stress in bulls and assessment of the influence of stress factors on semen quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Chaplynskikh ◽  
Ivan Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Technological Stress

The current conditions for the intensification of animal husbandry dictate a significant increase in the physiological and functional load on the body of productive animals, resulting in a failure of adaptive capacity, which manifest themselves in the violation of reproduction function and the development of pathological states. Research by domestic and foreign scientists has shown that stress plays a leading role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases leading to a reduction in animal reproduction [3, 4, 9]. Although the topic of stress is often covered in the scientific literature, some of its features are not fully explored. This is particularly true for male producers whose genetic material has a direct impact on livestock productivity and livestock production [1, 3, 4, 11]. Therefore, the study of the influence of stress factors on the reproductive capacity of males and their pharmaco-rectification is relevant. The aim of our research was to assess the degree of influence of technological stress factors on the reproduction function of the bull producers and to develop a pharmaco-correction scheme to prevent stress effects on sperm quality. In relation to the objective, the following objectives were proposed: 1. Study the reaction of the ox producers to the effects of technological stress; 2. Determine the influence of drugs Amber biostimulator, Azoxyvet on the quality of bull sperm.

Inspector Quadro - the complex of preparation for the treatment of ectoand endoparasitoses in cats and dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
M.V. Arisov ◽  
I.P. Belykh ◽  
V.V. Artemov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

The purpose of the research: the study of the efficacy of the preparations for veterinary use "Inspector Quadro C" and "Inspector Quadro K" against ecto- and endoparasitoses of dogs and cats. Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on spontaneously infected dogs and cats of different sexes, age, weight and breed. The diagnosis of infection with ectoparasites was made based on the clinical picture and laboratory methods of investigation (microscopy of scrapings taken from ectoparasitized skin areas, examination of the coat for fleas, lice, worms, ixodids). Infection with helminths was established by detecting eggs of helminths in faeces of animals by the method of Füleleborn and mature segments of cestodes. Preparations were applied to the animals by drip application on dry undamaged skin in places inaccessible to licking in a dose of 0.1-0.4 ml per 1 kg of body weight. The results were statistically processed. Results and discussion. "Inspector Quadro S" and "Inspector Quadro K" showed 100% efficacy at sarcoptosis in dogs, notoedrosis in cats, otodectosis in dogs and cats, ixodidoses and entomoses. "Inspector Quadro C" showed a high efficiency (92.3%) at demodecosis in dogs. However, single mites were found in one dog. 100% efficacy of "Inspector Quadro C" and "Inspector Quadro K" has been established against intestinal nematodes and cestodes in dogs and cats. Negative effects of drugs on the body of animals have not been revealed.

Trends in Diagnosis for Active Tuberculosis Using Nanomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
Lemma Teshome Tufa ◽  
Hwa-Jung Kim ◽  
Jaebeom Lee ◽  
Tae Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, is difficult to diagnose based only on signs and symptoms. Methods for TB detection are continuously being researched to design novel effective clinical tools for the diagnosis of TB.Objective:This article reviews the methods to diagnose TB at the latent and active stages and to recognize prospective TB diagnostic methods based on nanomaterials.Methods:The current methods for TB diagnosis were reviewed by evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the trends in TB detection using nanomaterials were discussed regarding their performance capacity for clinical diagnostic applications.Results:Current methods such as microscopy, culture, and tuberculin skin test are still being employed to diagnose TB, however, a highly sensitive point of care tool without false results is still needed. The utilization of nanomaterials to detect the specific TB biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity can provide a possible strategy to rapidly diagnose TB. Although it is challenging for nanodiagnostic platforms to be assessed in clinical trials, active TB diagnosis using nanomaterials is highly expected to achieve clinical significance for regular application. In addition, aspects and future directions in developing the high-efficiency tools to diagnose active TB using advanced nanomaterials are expounded.Conclusion:This review suggests that nanomaterials have high potential as rapid, costeffective tools to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB. Hence, portable nanobiosensors can be alternative effective tests to be exploited globally after clinical trial execution.

Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Prendecki ◽  
Marta Kowalska ◽  
Ewa Toton ◽  
Wojciech Kozubski
Keyword(s):  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Antidementia Drugs ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity

: Dementia is an important issue in western societies, and in the following years, this problem will also rise in the developing regions, such as Africa and Asia. The most common types of dementia in adults are Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD), of which, AD accounts for more than half of the cases. : The most prominent symptom of AD is cognitive impairment, currently treated with four drugs: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, enhancing cholinergic transmission; as well as memantine, protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Despite ongoing efforts, no new drugs in the treatment of AD have been registered for the last ten years, thus multiple studies have been conducted on genetic factors affecting the efficacy of antidementia pharmacotherapy. The researchers investigate the effects of variants in multiple genes, such as ABCB1, ACE, CHAT, CHRNA7, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, NR1I2, NR1I3, POR, PPAR, RXR, SLC22A1/2/5, SLC47A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, associated with numerous pathways: the development of pathological proteins, formation and metabolism of acetylcholine, transport, metabolism and excretion of antidementia drugs and transcription factors regulating the expression of genes responsible for metabolism and transport of drugs. The most promising results have been demonstrated for APOE E4, dementia risk variant, BCHE-K, reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity variant, and CYP2D6 UM, ultrarapid hepatic metabolism. Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment. : In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.

Nanoparticles and Its Implications in HIV/AIDS Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor B. Oti
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

The use of Antiretroviral drugs in treating HIV/ AIDS patients has enormously increased their life spans with serious disadvantages. The virus infection still remains a public health problem worldwide with no cure and vaccine for the viral agent until now. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS is an emerging technology of the 21st century. NPs are solid and colloid particles with 10 nm to <1000 nm size range; although, less than 200 nm is the recommended size for nanomedical usage. There are NPs with therapeutic capabilities such as liposomes, micelles, dendrimers and nanocapsules. The particle enters the body mainly via oral intake, direct injection and inhalation. It has been proven to have potentials of advancing the prevention and treatment of the viral agent. Certain NPs have been shown to have selftherapeutic activity for the virus in vitro. Strategies that are novel are emerging which can be used to improve nanotechnology, such as genetic treatment and immunotherapy. In this review, nanoparticles, the types and its characteristics in drug delivery were discussed. The light was furthermore shed on its implications in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

A multi-method and structure-based in silico vaccine designing against Helicobacter pylori employing immuno-informatics approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Naz ◽  
Tahreem Zaheer ◽  
Hamza Arshad Dar ◽  
Faryal Mehwish Awan ◽  
Ayesha Obaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Peptide Vaccines ◽  
Hla Alleles ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and its treatment still remains a challenge to human health worldwide. A variety of antibiotics and combination therapies are currently used to treat H. pylori induced ulcers and carcinoma; however, no effective treatment is available to eliminate the pathogen from the body. Additionally, antibiotic resistance is also one of the main reasons for prolonged and persistent infection. Aim of the study: Until new drugs are available for this infection, vaccinology seems the only alternative opportunity to exploit against H. pylori induced diseases. Methods: Multiple epitopes prioritized in our previous study have been tested for their possible antigenic combinations, and results in 169-mer and 183-mer peptide vaccines containing the amino acid sequences of 3 and 4 epitopes respectively, along with adjuvant (Cholera Toxin Subunit B adjuvant at 5’ end) and linkers (GPGPG and EAAAK). Results: Poly-epitope proteins proposed as potential vaccine candidates against H. pylori include SabAHP0289-Omp16-VacA (SHOV), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-FecA (VOHF), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-SabA (VOHS), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-BabA (VOHB), VacA-Omp16-HP0289-SabA-FecA (VOHSF), VacAOmp16-HP0289-SabA-BabA (VOHSB) and VacA-Omp16-HP0289-BabA-SabA (VOHBS). Structures of these poly-epitope peptide vaccines have been modelled and checked for their affinity with HLA alleles and receptors. These proposed poly-epitope vaccine candidates bind efficiently with A2, A3, B7 and DR1 superfamilies of HLA alleles. They can also form stable and significant interactions with Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4. Conclusion: Results suggest that these multi-epitopic vaccines can elicit a significant immune response against H. pylori and can be tested further for efficient vaccine development.

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