scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES TO THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
A. D. Tleubekova ◽  
◽  
A. B. Kutpanova ◽  
G. K. Baymuratova ◽  
A. I. Ondasynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The special interest and relevance of this study is due to the importance of small and medium-sized businesses as a driving force for the formation and development of the market. Small and medium-sized enterprises expand the production of consumer goods and services sig-nificantly and without significant capital investments, contribute to the equalization of the living conditions of the population, involve labor, material and financial resources in production, accel-erate the demonopolization of production, promote competition, and serve as the basis for the formation of a mass layer of owners as the basis of the middle class of society., serves as a guar-antor of its stability, a source of income from the budget's material resources and sustainable economic growth.

scholarly journals Schumpeterian aspects of growth and its correlative classical and neoclassical approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-117
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Berumen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Capital Humano ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Economic Growth is a central concept in Economic Theory. Most of the modern societies regard growth as an important determinant for rising standards of living. Their effects can be observed not only in more goods and services but also in brand new processes. Investment in human capital is re-garded as the very source of long-term, sustainable Economic Growth. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief description of Economic Growth, how to approach its measurement, and to provide a brief review of the Schum-peterian thought and the main schools that have undertaken from the Classical and Neoclassical Approaches. Key Words: Economic Growth; Schumpeterian Thought; Classical and Neo-classical Approaches. JEL Classification: B12, B13, B52, O43, O49. Resumen: El crecimiento económico es un concepto fundamental de la teoría económica. La mayoría de las sociedades modernas consideran el crecimiento como una determinante importante para el incremento de los niveles de vida. Sus efectos se pueden observar en el aumento de bienes y servicios, pero también en la disponibilidad de nuevos procesos. En este escenario, la inver-sión en capital humano es, de hecho, la fuente original del crecimiento económico a largo plazo y de manera sostenible. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en explorar los principales rudimentos del crecimiento económico, de su preceptiva medición y de mostrar las aportaciones originales alcanzadas desde el Pensamiento Schumpeteriano, así como de su contrastación con las perspectivas Clásicas y Neoclásicas. Palabras clave: Crecimiento económico; Pensamiento Schumpeteriano; aproxi-maciones Clásica y Neoclásica.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN GEORGIA AS AN INDUSTRY CONTRIBUTING TO ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
L.V. Detochenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

The role and place of the tourism industry in the economic complex of Georgia are considered; the conclusion is made about the “tourist miracle” taking place in the country, which is a factor of the economic growth of the republic. The differences between the concepts of “foreign visitors” and “foreign tourists” are presented. The increase in the contribution of the tourism industry and related industries involved in the tourism industry in the creation of the gross domestic product of the country, its impact on the growth of the Georgian budget and GDP per capita, the average monthly wage is shown. The conclusion about the need to increase the share of medium and long-term tourists among foreign visitors and tourists in the country is justified. The problems of the return of tourists, the long-term stay in Georgia, the differences of the countries-generators of tourist flows by these indicators have been studied. The changes in work and the prospects of various types of transport for the delivery of tourists to Georgia are analyzed, the measures to improve the tourist transport component are proposed. The correlation between the number of tourist arrivals and the average cost of tourists visiting Georgia from different countries is shown and the economic profitability of attracting Russian tourists, capable of filling all the tourist destinations of the country, contributing to the “tourist miracle” of Georgia is considered.

Evaluation of the Progress of Sustainable Energy Management in World Economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-261
Author(s):  
Aykut Akdag ◽  
Suna Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Goods And Services

The aim of the study is to analyze the underlying reasons for the countries to have access to the energy reserves and the effort to be to holding on those reserves. Energy is the driving force for the production of goods and services. Countries who have access to energy reserves are aware that those reserves provide both economic and political power. The motive for countries to have control of energy reserves are twofold: basis for economic growth and keeping or gaining political power. The result most of the time is a continous power struggle between the countries.

scholarly journals The development of small business in the sphere of consumer market and services as a factor of economic growth (on materials of the Republic of Khakassia)

Servis plus ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Елена Кочеткова ◽  
Elena Kochetkova ◽  
Светлана Трусова ◽  
Svetlana Trusova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

This article focuses on the nature and role of small business in the sphere of consumer market and services as an important condition of economic growth. The article presents the analysis of the state of small business in the federal subjects of Russia - the Republic of Khakassia, and summarizes its development, the structure of small business by the number of enterprises in different activities. The authors estimate the small business in the sphere of consumer market and services and present the peculiarities and problems of development of entrepreneurial structures in the sphere of consumer market and services at the regional level (on the example of Republic of Khakassia). The consumer market remains one of the most important factors of economic growth in the Republic of Khakassia. The authors determine the factors contributing to the development of small business on regional level and their impact on economic growth. They note that just small businesses do not require large upfront investment and guaranteeing a high rate of turnover of resources and they can most quickly solve the problems of the formation and saturation of market with goods and services. Small businesses can quickly respond to changing consumer demand and thus they can provide the necessary balance in the consumer market. This study is limited to the territory of the Republic of Khakassia, however, the information can be applied and used in other regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in the preparation of textbooks and articles.

scholarly journals КОНСОЛІДОВАНІ БЮДЖЕТ ПІВНІЧНОГО РЕГІОНУ В УМОВАХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КРИЗИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Гаджиев
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

One of important tasks of overcoming the crisis and sustainable economic growth of the country and its regions is formation and effective use of financial resources in the budgetary sphere. The purpose of the research is to analyze the formation of income and the direction of expenditures in the context of the economic crisis and offer practical recommendations to ensure the balance and stability of the consolidated budget of the Republic of Komi (RK). The object of the research is the monetary and economic relations of the formation and use of funds of the consolidated budget in order to fulfill its obligations and ensure the economic growth of the region. Methods used of the research are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical and historical method, scientific abstraction and statistical comparison. The hypothesis of the research is the possibility of ensuring the balance and stability of the consolidated budget of the RK in the long term. The statement of basic materials. The analysis of the dynamics and structure of real revenues and expenses of the consolidated budget of the Republic of Komi in 2013-2017. The reasons for the fall and the growth of real incomes and expenses, changes of their structure and especially sharp increase of the debt load of the budget are revealed. Level of imbalance of the budget is shown and recommendations on ensuring balance of the consolidated budget of the region are defined. Originality and practical significance of the research is the fact that the balance and stability of the consolidated budget of the region is considered as the main tool for ensuring sustainable economic growth and improving the welfare of the population of the region. Conclusions of the research are the possibility of restoring the balance and stability of the consolidated budget of the Republic of Komi in the crisiscondotions by increasing the volume of tax revenues, especially property tax, reducing the debt service outlays – reducing the amount of accumulated public and municipal debt.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CONDITION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. Azimkhan ◽  
R.B. Sartova ◽  
А.К. Bakpayeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

This article has the aim to explore the policy of supporting of small and medium-sized businesses. Over the years, the independent states have managed the problems of the economy. The contribution of small businesses to the economy, the replenishment of revenue items in budgets of the different levels, and the creation of new jobs have become one of the decisive factors of the development in the states. Small and medium-sized businesses significantly contribute to the formation of the competitive environment and the establishment of market balance. Currently, small and medium-sized businesses represent fairly powerful social stratum of the society, real and serious economic force. At the present stage, the relationship between business and government has acquired the special role, improving the technology of their interaction; the problem of self-organization of the business community is relevant today as it was only few years ago. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the fundamental link that determines the state level of development in order to ensure sustainable economic growth. This sector of the economy has huge potential for solving many problems of the economic growth of the state, such as undeveloped competition, inefficient use of material and non-material resources, dependence of the domestic demand on imports, unemployment, poverty, etc. Issues of SMEs development in the Republic of Kazakhstan are among the most important and highest state level.

scholarly journals The impact of public expenditures on economic growth of the Republic of North Macedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Nikoloski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

Ensuring high and sustainable economic growth is one of the main tasks of public spending policy. In fact, public expenditure plays an important role in the formation of physical and human capital over time. If are properly targeted, they can stimulate economic growth even in the short term, when limited infrastructure of (unskilled) workforce is a barrier to increased production. Therefore, the realized impact of public expenditures on economic growth can be considered as an indicator of their effectiveness. The goal of public expenditure is to increase economic growth by providing more employment opportunities, increasing people's income and living standards. Therefore, if they are well-managed, they can lead to the desired level of economic growth and improvement of the living standard of the population.

scholarly journals Cointegration and causality analysis between foreign direct investment, exports and economic growth in the republic of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Martina Sopta ◽  
Vlatka Bilas ◽  
Sanja Franc
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
The Republic

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI), exports, and economic growth in the Republic of Croatia for the period 2000-2020 and determine the implications of research results on corporate management. The management of the investment enterprise is usually interested in high returns, whereas the management of the recipient enterprise is interested in higher productivity, spillovers, and larger market share on domestic and international markets. Several methodological approaches, including unit root tests, cointegration tests, and Granger causality test, were used to assess the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, on the one side, and the share of FDI and total exports of goods and services in real GDP, on the other side. The results of cointegration tests indicated there is no long-term relationship between the real GDP growth rate, the share of FDI, and the share of exports of goods and services in real GDP. Based on the Granger causality test, it cannot be concluded that there is no causal relationship between the analysed variables. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of the conducted research for corporate management. The results indicate that managers are not discouraged by the fact that FDI is not correlated to economic growth, as investment decisions are determined by numerous factors and not primarily by the growth rate of a recipient country.

DIGITALIZATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL AS A CONDITION FOR COMPETITIVENESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (330) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
A.N. Baigelova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

Currently, the economy of Kazakhstan is in the process of global changes in the economic and technological structures. The situation in the labor market and educational services calls for changes in the content of education in relation to the modern requirements. Discloses a digital transformation sector: the importance of the balance of the strategy and tactics of business and society, issues involving the human capital and society in modernizing the management of the economy in terms of globalization. In the article the human capital is considered as the driving force behind the development of innovation-based economy, capable of responding to the challenges of the world civilization. Without the human capital development of a country can neither achieve sustainable economic growth, nor to create a contingent of workers who will be willing to take require retraining of workers of the future places or to compete effectively in the global economy. According to the authors the important role it is necessary to take digital technologies. It is necessary to completely review the contents of all levels of education and training in the IT-industry, in the field of organization of management through the development of digital skills. Currently, the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is at the stage of global changes in the economic and technological structures. The situation on the labor market and educational services necessitates changes in the content of education in relation to modern requirements. The sector of digital transformation is revealed: the importance of balancing the strategy and tactics of business and society development, the issues of involving human capital and society in managing the modernization of the economy in the context of globalization.The formation of a multicomponent information and educational environment, information and digital technologies make it possible to build completely new communications, as well as new relationships among people, the restructuring of the entire economy and society, so that our life is better and “smarter”. The modern economy is called the economy of effective human capital, which emphasizes its main role in the development and growth of the economy. Human capital is seen as the driving force behind the development of an innovative economy that can respond to the challenges of world civilization.It makes up more than half of the national wealth of each of the developing countries and the main intensive factor in economic growth and social development. The level of skills demanded by the labor market is changing rapidly, which creates both new opportunities and new risks.Without the development of human capital, countries will not be able to achieve sustainable economic growth, nor create a contingent of workers who will be ready to occupy advanced jobs for the future, or compete effectively in the global economic arena.

An Overview of Current Capital Investments in Latin American Port Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Eduardo Teixeira Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Managerial Flexibility ◽  
Host Government ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
Port Infrastructure

Port infrastructure development is an important requirement for sustainable economic growth as it allows for the increment of trade, which benefits the countries involved. As occurs with most infrastructure projects, however, this investment requires significant amounts of capital with long term returns under conditions or risk and uncertainty, which frequently cannot be afforded by the host government. To address these challenges, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) agreements have been widely used to meet the port infrastructure needs in many countries. In this article, we analyze the case of port infrastructure development in Latin America and show that the incorporation of managerial flexibility may help increase the value and reduce the risk in this class of projects. We discuss several port projects in the region and discuss in detail the case of the Terminal Portuario Multipropósito de Salaverry to show how uncertainty can be mitigated by incorporating managerial flexibility into the bid documents and contracts.

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