scholarly journals Microbial modulating effect of xylanase enzyme supplemented rice husk on the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Aderibigbe ◽  
J. O. Ateh ◽  
K. M. Okukpe
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
The Cost

The development of antibiotics-resistance pathogens in poultry which poses threat to human health has necessitated the search for alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to improve gut microflora in poultry diets. One of the alternatives to AGPs is probiotics which are beneficial organisms. The prebiotic potentials of enzyme supplemented high fibre feedstuffs (HFFs) are not known. This study was conducted to assess the prebiotics potential of xylanase enzyme supplemented rice husk (RH) on broiler chickens (in-vivo). The study showed that replacement of maize with RH irrespective of levels supplemented with 100ppm xylanase enzyme caused a reduction in feed intake and an increase in weight gain and better FCR. It was observed that birds fed diet with 10% RH supplemented with xylanase enzyme out-performed birds fed diets with 20 or 30% RH supplemented with xylanase enzyme and closer to the birds fed the control diet which was with better FCR. Enzyme supplementation of RH helped in increasing and improving protein, ether extract and fibre digestibilities. The identification of microbes (Fungi and Bacteria) showed that dietary levels of RH (10, 20 or 30% inclusion) with supplementation of enzyme xylanase enhanced the growth of beneficial microbes which resulted in inhibition or elimination of the opportunistic/pathogenic microbes. The result of the cost benefit analysis also showed that 10% inclusion level of RH supplemented with xylanase enzyme gave the best result of a beneficiary reduction in the cost of production with the best improved broiler performance. The use of enzymes is therefore recommended when RH are required as prebiotic source in the gut of broilers.

scholarly journals Prebiotic potential of xylanase enzyme supplemented wheat offal in broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-285
Author(s):  
Aderibigbe Abosede ◽  
Opowoye Omolola ◽  
Atteh Olutimehin ◽  
Okukpe Matthias
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Poultry Diets

The recent development of antibiotics-resistant pathogens in poultry, which poses a threat to human health, has necessitated the search for an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to improve the gut microflora in poultry diets. One of the alternatives to AGPs is probiotics which are beneficial organisms. The by-products of the digestion of polysaccharides for which poultry do not have enzymes to digest are called prebiotics. Prebiotics serve as food for probiotics. The application of enzymes makes this digestion possible. The prebiotic potentials of enzyme supplemented high fibre feedstuffs (HFFs) are not known. This study was conducted to assess the prebiotic potential of xylanase enzyme supplemented wheat offal on broiler chickens (in-vivo). The replacement of maize with wheat offal irrespective of levels supplemented with 100ppm xylanase enzyme caused a reduction in feed intake and an increase in weight gain and better feed conversion ratio. Birds fed diet with 20% wheat offal supplemented with a xylanase enzyme outperformed birds fed diets with 10 or 30% wheat offal supplemented with a xylanase enzyme and birds fed the control diet. The birds had normal weights of vital organs with good structural consistency. The identification of microbes (fungi and bacteria) showed that dietary levels of wheat offal (10, 20 or 30% inclusion) with supplementation of a xylanase enzyme enhanced the growth of beneficial microbes, which resulted in the inhibition or elimination of the opportunistic/pathogenic microbes. It was concluded that enzyme supplementation of high fibre feedstuffs could improve the growth performance, nutrient retention and increase concentration of beneficial microbes in the guts. The use of enzymes is therefore recommended when HFFs are required as a prebiotic source in the guts of broilers.

scholarly journals Galacto-oligosaccharides modulate the juvenile gut microbiome and innate immunity to improve broiler chicken performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Richards ◽  
Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine ◽  
Phillippa L. Connerton ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Karishma Asiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Key Species

ABSTRACTImprovements in growth performance and health are key goals in broiler chicken production. Inclusion of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in broiler feed enhanced the growth rate and feed conversion of chickens relative to a calorie-matched control diet. Comparison of the cecal microbiota identified key differences in abundance ofLactobacillusspp. Increased levels ofL. johnsoniiin GOS-fed juvenile birds at the expense ofL. crispatuswas linked to improved performance (growth rate and market weight). Investigation of the innate immune responses highlighted increases of ileal and cecal IL-17A gene expression counterposed to a decrease in IL-10 and IL-17F. Quantification of the autochthonousLactobacillusssp. revealed a correlation between bird performance andL. johnsoniiabundance. Shifts in the cecal populations of keyLactobacillusspp. of juvenile birds primed intestinal innate immunity without harmful pathogen challenge.IMPORTANCEImprovements in the growth rate of broiler chickens can be achieved through dietary manipulation of the naturally occurring bacterial populations whilst mitigating the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters. Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are manufactured as a by-product of dairy cheese production, which can be incorporated in the diets of juvenile chickens to improve their health and performance. This study investigates the key mechanisms behind this progression and pin pointsL. johnsoniias a key species that facilitates the enhancements in growth rate and gut health. It also relates the role of the innate immune system in the response to the GOS diet.

scholarly journals Effects of organic acids on the gut ecosystem and on the performance of broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ANDREOPOULOU (Μ. ΑΝΔΡΕΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
V. TSIOURIS (Β. ΤΣΙΟΥΡΗΣ) ◽  
I. GEORGOPOULOU (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mineral Absorption

Organic acids are studied as candidate alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Their action is related to the pH reduction of the intestinal digesta, affecting the gut ecosystem in numerous ways. Intestinal microbiota can be altered as a result of the remarkable antibacterial activity of organic acids and the growth enhancement of non-pathogenic beneficial microorganisms, due to exclusive competition. Antibacterial activity has been widely reported for many poultry pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., both in vitro and in vivo. However, it seems to depend on many factors concerning the weak acid used and the gut ecosystem. Apart from the microbiota, diet supplementation of organic acids has trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, modifying the morphologic characteristics of intestinal villi and crypts and maintaining epithelial integrity. Furthermore, as found recently, organic acids have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties. Diet acidification increases gastric proteolysis and the utilization of proteins and amino acids, affects pancreatic secretions and mineral absorption. There are also reports for an effect on appetite and palatability of the feed. All these properties attributed to organic acids have either a direct or indirect effect on the performance and health, even though the results presented for poultry lack consistency. Nonetheless, the benefits of organic acids can have practical application in the control of clinical and subclinical conditions, but more research is needed to study these perspectives.

scholarly journals Phytogenic additive as an alternative to growth promoters in broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Neudí Scheuermann ◽  
Anildo Cunha Junior ◽  
Lucas Cypriano ◽  
Alexandre Mossate Gabbi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
The Cost

This study evaluated a phytogenic feed additive for broiler chickens. A total of 1,632 broiler chicks were distributed into four treatments: negative control (without growth promoter); positive control (avilamycine, 10ppm + colistin, 15ppm); and two alternative treatments with 150ppm of phytogenic additive, one with a reduced Ca and P levels diet (PA-R1) and the other with lower energy, and amino acids, besides Ca and P (PA-R2). The trial was conducted with 12 replicates, each consisted of a pen with 34 birds. The alternative diets showed body weight intermediate to the two controls at 42 days, with no significant (P>0.05) treatment effect on feed conversion ratio. No treatment differences (P>0.05) on carcass yield and composition was observed. There was a tendency of abdominal fat lipids saturation, when the phytogenic additive was used, as possible consequence of a decreased level of soybean oil in the diets. A difference (P<0.001) on ingredient consumption profile was observed between the treatments. All together, this study showed a possibility to reduce the cost of total feed used to produce a broilers or a ton of body weight by the utilization of the tested phytogenic additive.

Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with graded levels of feed enzyme Roxazyme-G®

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
A.O.K. Adesehinwa ◽  
A.B. Omojola
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
The Cost

Feed remains the most important cost in animal production. The need for feed ingredients, which will reduce the cost of production, is the basis for most livestock feed and production research. Man and his livestock are in competition for the basic ingredients. Availability of such feed ingredients thus becomes the key limiting factor in poultry production, hence the need for alternative and locally available feedstuffs. The presence of undegradable and complex carbohydrate, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in some alternative and locally available feedstuffs exerts some anti-nutritional properties and thus can limit their use in livestock feeding (Yoruk et al., 2006). Worse still is the fact that chickens are not capable of hydrolyzing NSPs that mask protein carbohydrate (Petterson and Aman, 1989). Exogenous enzyme supplementation has been reported to be used in poultry diets to improve nutrient utilization, the health and welfare of the birds, product quality and to reduce pollution as well as to increase the choice and content of ingredients which are acceptable for inclusion in diets (Aderemi et al., 2006). Since most work with exogenous enzymes has been carried out to evaluate its effect on feed intake and growth characteristics of broilers, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of graded level of feed enzyme Roxazyme-G® on the performance, carcass and meat qualities of broiler finishers.

Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and virginiamycin on the cecal microbial community and intestinal morphology of chickens raised under suboptimal conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Pourabedin ◽  
Zhengxin Xu ◽  
Bushansingh Baurhoo ◽  
Eric Chevaux ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Poultry Diets

There is an increasing movement against use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed. Prebiotic supplementation is a potential alternative to enhance the host’s natural defense through modulation of gut microbiota. In the present study, the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and virginiamycin (VIRG) on cecal microbial ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens raised under suboptimal conditions was evaluated. MOS and VIRG induced different bacterial community structures, as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA. The antibiotic treatment reduced cecal microbial diversity while the community equitability increased. A higher bacterial diversity was observed in the cecum of MOS-supplemented birds. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated that MOS changed the cecal microbiota in favor of the Firmicutes population but not the Bacteroidetes population. No difference was observed in total bacterial counts among treatments. MOS promoted the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the cecum and increased villus height and goblet cell numbers in the ileum and jejunum. These results provide a deeper insight into the microbial ecological changes after supplementation of MOS prebiotic in poultry diets.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotics and Wheat Bran Supplementation of Broiler Diets on the Ammonia Emission from Excreta

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2703
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Such ◽  
Gábor Csitári ◽  
Petra Stankovics ◽  
László Wágner ◽  
Ilona Anna Koltay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Ammonia emission is a concern for the poultry industry from both environmental and animal welfare points of view. The objective of this research was to determine whether probiotics or wheat bran supplementation of broiler diets can modify the N composition of the excreta and the dynamics of ammonia volatilisation emission from the manure. A total of 120-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were fed six different diets. The treatments included a corn and soybean meal-based control diet (C) and diets containing wheat bran (WB). Both diets were fed alone and with supplementation of a lactic acid (Lactobacillus farciminis, LAB) and a butyric acid (Clostridium butyricum, BAB) producing bacterial strain. Treatment BAB had a significant effect on the dry matter content of the excreta and both probiotics decreased the amount of excreted uric acid. Treatment WB resulted in a significantly lower NH+4-N concentration of excreta and a tendency toward reduced uric acid content. Treatment LAB reduced the urinary N ratio of excreta. Among dietary treatments, WB resulted in the highest urease producing cell numbers in the excreta, but this difference was not significant. Based on our results, similar to pigs, the soluble fibre fraction of poultry diets can also modify the urinary to faecal N ratio of the excreta.

scholarly journals Effects of a blend of chestnut and quebracho tannins on gut health and performance of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo A Redondo ◽  
Leandro M Redondo ◽  
Octavio A Bruzzone ◽  
Juan M Diaz-Carrasco ◽  
Claudio Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Gross Lesions

Consumer demands and increased regulations on the use of antimicrobials in farm animals accentuated the need to develop strategies to replace antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in food-producing animals. The present study evaluates the productive and gut health outcomes during the implementation of AGPs free programs based on the inclusion of a tannin blend compared with AGPs based program under commercial conditions. In the first trial, 6 farms were randomly assigned to AGP or tannin-based programs. In a second trial, both programs were applied simultaneously in one farm and the results were studied over 1 year. Although productive results from both trials were similar among treatments, evaluations of gut health indicators show improvements in the tannins treated flocks. Frequency and severity of intestinal gross lesions were reduced in jejunum (42% vs 23%; p<0.05 – 1.37 vs. 0.73; p<0.01, respectively) and ileum (25% vs. 10%; p<0.0.5 – 1.05 vs. 0.58; p<0.01) in tannins treated birds. Results from 16S studies, show that cecal microbiota diversity was not differentially affected by AGPs or tannins, but changes in the relative abundance of certain taxa were described, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium groups. Additional evaluations using an in vivo model for C. perfringens necrotic enteritis showed that tannins treated birds had reduced incidence of gross lesions in jejunum (43.75 vs. 74.19%; p<0.01) and ileum (18.75% vs. 45.16%; p<0.05) compared with control. These results suggest that AGPs can be replaced by tannins feed additives, and contribute in the implementation of antimicrobial-free programs in broilers without affecting health or performance.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and nutritional value of boiled Christmas bush fruit (Alchornea cordifolia) meal fed to starter broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
E. U. Ahiwe ◽  
O. O. Emenalom ◽  
E. B. Etuk ◽  
N. U. Okehie ◽  
C. T. Iwuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
The Cost

A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and the nutritive value of boiled Christmas bush (Alchornea cordifolia) for starter broiler chickens. Dried Christmas bush fruits (Capsules + seed) were boiled for 30 minutes, sundried and ground into meal. The meal was analyzed for proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors and incorporated into broiler starter diet at 0%, 15%, 20% and 25% respectively. A total of 120 day old Marshall Strain broiler chicks were divided into 12 pens each containing 10 birds. Three pens were randomly assigned to each experimental diet. The boiled dried and ground Christmas bush (Alchornea cordifolia) fruit contained 19.9% crude protein and 4.7 mg/100 phytic acids which is an improvement when compared with raw Christmas bush fruits. Increase in inclusion level of boiled Christmas bush fruit in the diet caused a progressive reduction (p < 0.05) in final weight gain and feed intake of the birds. Birds on 15 and 20% BCBF had similar (p>0.05) feed conversion ration ratio with birds on control diet. The cost of feed per Kg weight gain and mortality were not significantly (p>0.05) different for all the treatments. Apart from Haemoglobin and serum phosphate, all other serum biochemical indices checked were not statistically (p>0.05) different among the treatment groups. It was concluded that boiling of Christmas bush fruits decreased the anti-nutritional factors and improved the nutritive value of the fruit but could not improve the performance of broiler starter chickens.

scholarly journals Potentials of Bio Fermented Rice Husk Meal as a Replacement to Brewer’s Dried Grain in Finisher Broiler’s Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
J. N. Ikpe ◽  
E. C. Oko ◽  
I. C. Vining-Ogu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
The Cost

Generation of rice husk waste is currently increasing in Nigeria leading to piles of heaps of the rice husk around the rice mills. Production cost for broilers has risen tremendously due to high cost of feed ingredients one of which is Brewer&rsquo;s Dried Grain (BDG). Rice husk has been identified as a feed stuff but it contains high fibre and is abrasive which hindered its utilization as feed ingredient in broiler production. This research was then, conducted to determine the effect of replacing BDG with bio fermented rice husk in finisher broiler&rsquo;s diet. Four treatment diets were formulated. T1 (control) contained 15% BDG while in T2, T3 and T4 bio fermented rice husk meal replaced BDG at 33.33%, 66.67% and 100% respectively. The diets were assigned to 120 broilers of 28 days old in a complete randomized design of 10 broilers each replicated 3 times. The performance of the broilers was observed for 28 days. The broilers were slaughtered to obtain the carcass and organ characteristics. The daily weight gain was similar (P &gt; 0.05) among the groups while feed intake was highest for T4 group and no mortality was recorded. The percentage live weight of all the carcass and organ characteristics were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among the treatment groups except the breast muscle which reduced for broilers on the test ingredient. The cost of producing the treatment diets was highest for control diet while cost of feeding broilers to a kilogram weight was least for the control group. The research concluded that though the fermented rice husk had a potential to substitute BDG in the diet of finisher broilers, there was an indication of high production cost.

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