scholarly journals Response of domestic chickens to fasting and non-fast moulting programmes in a humid tropical environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101
Author(s):  
C. C. Ogbu ◽  
S. Ndifereke ◽  
N. N. Ogbu ◽  
I. C. Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Ad Libitum

The study evaluates the effect of fasting and non-fasting (Zn supplementation) moulting methods on performance of indigenous (IC) and Shaver brown (SB) hens in the hot humid tropical environment of Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria. One hundred and twenty indigenous and Shaver brown hens (60/genotype) aged between 75 and 80 weeks were shared into three groups (20/group), T : hens fed layers diet at 125 g/bird/day (control group), T : hens fed 1 2layers mash supplemented with 20,000ppm Zn as ZnO at 125 g/bird/day for 14 days, and T : 3 hens subjected to feed deprivation (FD) for 14 days. Water was given ad libitum to all birds. Data analyzed were pre-moult and moulting body weight, hen day egg production (HDEP), and egg weight. Moulting method significantly (p<0.05) affected body weight in SB but not in indigenous hens; hen day egg production and day to stoppage of egg production in bothgenotypes with FD resulting in greater loss in body weight and an early cessation of egg production compared to zinc supplementation. Shaver Brown hens subjected to ZnO and FD lost 15.6 and 26.7 % of their initial body weight, respectively while IC lost 16.2 and 32.6 %, respectively. Hen day egg production was 0.00 ± 0.00 % in the last week of moulting in SB and IC moulted by FD but 8.32 ± 6.47 % for SB and 10.71 ± 3.25 % for IC moulted by ZnO. Egg production stopped on day 10 (D10) and 6 in SB hens submitted to ZnO and FD, respectively and on D13 and 5, respectively for the IC. In conclusion, zinc supplementation at 20,000ppm in the diet of laying chickens as moulting agent is a milder but equally effective moulting method as fasting and is recommended for intensive commercial and rural indigenous poultry production. 

Growth patterns in sheep: the effects of weight losses on compensatory growth and feed intake in Corriedale sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Butler-Hogg ◽  
N. M. Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYThe growth and feed intakes of Corriedale wether sheep when grown from 30 to 50 kg body weight by five different growth paths are described.Group A (control) grew continuously (fed ad libitum). After reaching ca; 40 kg body weight, group B and C animals lost 21% of their initial body weight over 9 and 18 weeks and at 122 and 63 g/day, respectively, and began realimentation at 30 kg body weight. Group D and E animals were ca. 50 kg body weight when weight loss was imposed and they lost body weight at similar rates (125 and 157 g/day) respectively. Animals in group D lost 34% of their initial body weight over 18 weeks and began realimentation at 30 kg body weight (the same as groups B and C). Group E animals lost 23% of their initial body weight over 9 weeks to begin realimentation at 35 kg body weight. Except during periods of weight loss, animals were fed ad libitum. Compensatory growth was observed in all groups which had lost weight, with early recovery growth rates 1·6–1·8 times higher than control sheep of the same weight.Rate of body-weight loss did not induce any significant differences in response to realimentation but results (groups B and C) suggest that the more rapid the loss, the more rapid will recovery be during realimentation. When sheep at different body weights lost the same proportion of their initial body weights, the heavier sheep (group E) attained final slaughter weight quicker than the lighter sheep (group B). When the proportion of body weight lost to reach a particular lower body weight was varied (groups B and D), the greater weight loss was associated with higher and more persistent growth rates during realimentation.After weight loss, ad libitum dry-matter intake was significantly lower during the first 10 kg of gain during realimentation in all treatment groups (B, C, D, E) than in control group A. There were no differences between treatment groups in recovery of dry-matter intake.Gross efficiency in all treatment groups was higher than in the control group A during the first 10 kg of recovery of body weight, but it then declined rapidly. This increase in gross efficiency was considered to be due to a combination of increased growth rates, reduced feed intakes and lower maintenance requirements. When the complete growth paths from 30 to 50 kg were considered, there were no significant differences in total feed consumed by the sheep following the five different growth paths.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Mineral-Microbial Preparation on Ammonia Concentration and Productivity in Laying Hens Houses

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Gałęcki ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski ◽  
Tadeusz Bakuła ◽  
Kazimierz Obremski ◽  
Adriana Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the biopreparation Deodoric® on ammonia (NH3) concentration, performance, and hygiene standards in laying hen (ROSS-308) production. Statistically significant differences in NH3 concentration and the body weight of laying hens were observed between the control group (C) and the experimental group (E) where Deodoric® was applied at the set dose. In the control group, an increase in NH3 concentration could have contributed to the decrease in the body weight of laying hens, egg production, and % hen day egg production, whereas no such correlations were observed in the experimental group. A moderate linear correlation between NH3 concentration vs. humidity (r = 0.68), air flow (r = 0.48) and weakly linear correlation between NH3 concentration and age of birds (r = 0.27) was noted in group C. In group E, NH3 concentration vs. temperature (r = 0.27) and humidity (r = 0.14) were weakly correlated. Statistical analysis of changes in the microbial counts isolated from manure revealed a significant decrease of mesophilic microorganisms on day 28 decrease of Campylobacter spp. days 14 and 84 in group E. However, for the entire experimental model no statistically significant changes in the number of Campylobacter spp. and mesophilic bacteria were found. The tested preparation did not cause changes in the microbial composition of tissue swabs. Deodoric® contributes to animal welfare by reducing the ammonia concentrations in poultry houses. It is also recommended for use in poultry farms to improve animal health and performance and to generate benefits for producers.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus velezensis to substitute in-feed antibiotics on the production, blood biochemistry and egg quality indices of laying hens

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Ye ◽  
Chunjie Wei ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. Results The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to (I) (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group (II) Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.

scholarly journals PSVII-8 Equations for prediction of empty body weight of water buffaloes finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Andre M Jorge ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Matheus Henrique P Martins Narciso ◽  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
General Prediction

Abstract This study aimed to develop equations to predict the empty body weight (EBW) using the shrunk body weight (SBW) of water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 65 for each GG), considering possible variations among GG. One-hundred-ninety-five non-castrated males (390±32 days of age; 327±51.96 kg of initial body weight - BW) from two years of similar experiments were used. Animals of each GG were allocated in collective pens for 28 days of adaptation period. Diet and water were offered ad libitum. Animal SBW were recorded at the beginning and every 28 days until the averages SBW reached the values determined (420, 480, and 540kg of SBW). After slaughter and to obtain the EBW, the non-carcass components of each animal [blood, paws, head, leather, tail, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), liver, kidneys, internal fat, and other internal organs] were weighed. The full GIT of each animal was weighed to obtain the total weight, and then emptied, washed, drained, and weighed to obtain the weight of the GIT content. Initially, data were analyzed using UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS. SBW recorded prior to slaughter were categorized according to SBW proposed considering the coefficient of variation below 10% for each GG to increase the precision of the data used, which decreased the initial n to 104 animals. Equations were developed and tested for GG effect using GLM and REG procedures in SAS. Tendency of GG effect was detected (P = 0.06). Thus, different prediction equations were determined for each GG, and a general prediction equation was developed for the three GG (Table 1). In conclusion, the results suggest it is possible to use distinct equations to predict the EBW according to GG as well as a general equation can be also used, resulting in high predictions of EBW of water buffaloes finished in feedlot.

scholarly journals Time-Restricted Feeding in Commercial Layer Chickens Improves Egg Quality in Old Age and Points to Lack of Adipostat Activity in Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Saibaba ◽  
Mark Ruzal ◽  
Dima Shinder ◽  
Sara Yosefi ◽  
Shelly Druyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Ad Libitum

In mammals, time-restricted feeding (TRF) with no caloric restriction provides health benefits and extends longevity, usually with a minor (∼3%) or no reduction in total food consumption. In the current study, a TRF regimen of 6 h free access to food (08:00–14:00 h) was applied to Leghorn chickens from 25 to 86 weeks of age; control birds ate freely during the light hours (06:00–20:00 h). Unexpectedly, the TRF-treated birds consumed, on average, 11.7% less food than the controls. This was manifested by an average reduction of 9.6% in body weight, 2.6-fold in visceral fat accumulation, and 6.5% in egg weight. Hen-housed egg production was reduced by 3.6% in the TRF group compared with the control, along the first 40 weeks of the follow-up (P &lt; 0.05), and changed into a tendency of 0.7% higher egg production thereafter. Several parameters of egg quality showed significant improvement (P &lt; 0.05) in the TRF group compared with the controls. A comparison of diurnal patterns of feed consumption revealed a higher rate of hourly consumption in the TRF group and increased consumption before dark in the control group. In conclusion, the reduced feed intake in response to the TRF treatment and loss in visceral fat accumulation supports the lack of a strong adipostat activity in chickens and different appetite regulation mechanisms compared with mammals. Therefore, future TRF studies in chickens should be adjusted by extending the ad libitum time window. The lower feed intake by the TRF-treated chickens compared with the ad libitum-fed controls seems to reduce the efficiency of egg production. Nevertheless, the improved egg quality and persistence of egg lay at the older age suggest that similarly to mammals, the TRF treatment delayed at least some of the negative impacts associated with advanced age.

scholarly journals Response of slow-growing chickens to feed restriction and effects on growth performance, blood constituents and immune markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A Attia ◽  
Abd-Elhamid E Abd-Elhamid ◽  
Manal Mustafa ◽  
Mohammed A Al-Harthi ◽  
Mai Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Slow Growing

An experiment was conducted to study the response of a slow growing chickens breed “Sinai” to feed restriction (FR) and the effects on growth performance, blood constituents and immune markers using a total number of 60 unsexed 7-d-old chicks. Chickens were housed in battery brooders during d 1 to 35 of age and randomly distributed keeping similar initial body weight, in two FR treatment groups. During 0-6 d of age, chickens were fed ad libitum, a mash commercial diet. During d 7-14 of age, chickens were fed either 100 or 80 % of the daily amount of feed consumed by the control group during the previous day. From d 15 to d 35, chickens were fed ad libitum diets a mash commercial diet. At the end of the experiment, body weight gain on the FR regimen was significantly lower than that of the control group, but feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected. In addition, red blood cells parameters and white blood cells traits were not negatively affected. However, hemagglutination inhibition titter for New castle disease virus, monocyte and total cholesterol were significantly decreased by FR regimen, but blood plasma albumin and immunoglobulin A significantly increased. In conclusion, slow growing chickens could tolerate 27.2 % FR during the 2nd week of age without significant differences in feed intake and FCR for the whole period, and general health status and metabolic profiles indicating a compensatory growth during 15-35 d of age although growth was in favour to the unrestricted group. 

scholarly journals Post-castration variations in weight gain in a cohort of young adult male cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfreda Wei ◽  
Andrea J. Fascetti ◽  
Kyoungmi Kim ◽  
Jon J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe predisposition of cats to gain weight following neutering is well established; however, there is little information about the distribution and range of post-neutering weight gains observed in cats under a controlled environment. This retrospective study investigated 6-month post-castration weight gain and distribution of percentage body weight (BW) change in a cohort of twenty, male domestic shorthair cats relative to a control group of intact cats. Cats were matched in age (2·0–2·6 years), husbandry conditions and consumed ad libitum the same dry maintenance diet for at least 3 months prior to and 6 months following castration. All cats were castrated within 48 h of each other. All cats gained weight after castration. Mean BW was 4·67 (sd 0·70) kg at the start of the study and 5·93 (sd 1·38) kg at the end of the study, with individual weight gain ranging 3–53 % at 6 months post-neutering. The pre-conception BW of the queens of each cat was compared with the pre- and post-neutering BW of their offspring. The pre-conception BW of the queens was significantly correlated with the offspring's initial BW (ρ = 0·65, P = 0·01), final BW (ρ = 0·67, P = 0·01) and percentage BW change (ρ = 0·54, P = 0·04). A wide range of post-castration weight gains was observed among cats of similar backgrounds and housing conditions. Implementation of effective methods to control food consumption pre-conception and post-neutering may be a strategy for preventing obesity and obesity-related disorders in cats.

The effects of experimental administration of low doses of zearalenone on the histology of ovaries in pre-pubertal bitches

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gajęcka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ovarian Cells ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Higher Doses

AbstractThe experiment involved 30 clinically healthy Beagle bitches aged approximately 70 days with an initial body weight of approximately 8 kg. The animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups (EI and EII) and a control group of 10 animals each. Group EI was administered 50 μg of body weight zearalenone/kg per os for 42 days, group EII received 75 μg of body weight zearalenone/kg per os for 42 days, and the control group was administered placebo per os for 42 days. The bitches were ovariectomized at the end of the treatment period for anatomopathological examination. At the same time, peripheral blood samples were collected for endocrinological analyses (17β-estradiol and progesterone). Administartion of zearalenone particularly higher doses, resulted in the hyperestrogenism degeneration and atrophy of ovarian cells and tissues with accompanying edema and blood extravasation, leading to increased 17β-estradiol concentrations and an insignificant decrease in progesterone levels.

The effect of apple cider vinegar and mushroom stalk supplementation on laying hens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Karaalp ◽  
Vecihi Aksakal ◽  
Sevim Beyza Ozturk Sarikaya ◽  
Hilal Urusan ◽  
Bahri Bayram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Treatment Groups

The aim of this trial was to study the effects of consuming water with apple cider vinegar (ACV) and feed including mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stalk (MS) on performance and certain egg characteristics. The hens were separated into four treatment groups (with 4 replicates and 6 hens per replicate). The experimental groups were control (not consumed ACV and MS), ACV (3 ml/l drinking water), MS (20 g/kg feed) and ACV+MS (combination). At the end of the experiment, among the performance criteria tested, body weight, feed intake, egg production and weight of eggs, and feed efficiency were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). Treatments had no effect on physical external and internal egg characteristics. The amount of yolk malondialdehyde of the ACV and MS groups was lower than the control group (P Less then 0.05) in stored eggs (28 d) (P Less then 0.05).

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