Assessing the impact of Sr/Ca-SST calibrations on coral-based seawater δ18O reconstructions - First results from PAGES CoralHydro2k

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Walter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Impact

<p>Corals are distributed throughout the tropical oceans, making them useful for resolving climate information covering time before the satellite era when instrumental data is often scarce. Coral δ<sup>18</sup>O has been used to reconstruct changes in both sea surface temperature (SST) and hydrology, while coral Sr/Ca is thought to mainly record SST. Coral δ<sup>18</sup>O data, when used in conjunction with Sr/Ca, can therefore be used to reconstruct seawater δ<sup>18</sup>O (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub>), an indicator of the local precipitation-evaporation balance as well as other surface ocean hydrological changes. Coral Sr/Ca-SST relationships are critical for reconstructing δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> from paired Sr/Ca and δ<sup>18</sup>O records, but vary across existing literature. Some of this variation is due to existing natural differences between corals, but variation also stems from differences in calibration methods or SST products used to determine the Sr/Ca-SST relationship. Such methodological differences complicate the comparison of results across studies and slow efforts to create a global picture of reconstructed tropical ocean hydroclimate.</p><p>Here, we use the PAGES CoralHydro2k database - a collection of 45 paired coral Sr/Ca-δ<sup>18</sup>O records and 70 coral δ<sup>18</sup>O records - to assess different methodological choices such as SST product and regression method and develop a calibration framework to use as a set of “best practices” moving forward. We also examine the sensitivity of δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> to our calibration framework and to existing δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw</sub> calculation methods. The PAGES CoralHydro2k project aims to leverage its coral database and apply these best practices and insights to a global reconstruction of tropical marine hydrology over the past 200 years.</p>

Telemedicine in critical care

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Patel ◽  
Eric J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Stress Ulcers ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

The majority of critically-ill patients are admitted to hospitals that do not have physician intensivist coverage, despite strong evidence that clinical outcomes are improved with intensivist staffing. Telemedicine can leverage clinical resources by providing critical care expertise to patients in intensive care units (ICUs) by off-site clinicians using video, audio, and electronic links. In the past 10 years, telemedicine in critical care has seen tremendous growth in the number of ICU patients being supported by this care model across the USA. The impact of ICU telemedicine coverage has been studied rigorously only in a few studies and the outcomes have been mixed and inconsistent. Telemedicine has been shown in some studies to improve adherence to ICU best practices for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis, stress ulcers, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-related bloodstream infections. Further research in ICU telemedicine is required to understand the variability of outcomes among the telemedicine programmes studied and to effectively implement the technology to consistently improve outcomes and reduce costs in the critical care environment.

How well does the law protect women at home?

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheluchi Onyemelukwe
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Violence Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria may be described as epidemic. To address this scourge, several pieces of legislation have been enacted in the past decade at state and federal levels in Nigeria. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the emerging legislation on domestic violence. This paper thus examines the contents of these laws in a bid to determine the potential of these laws to prevent domestic violence, deter perpetrators from further incidents, punish perpetrators, compensate survivors and provide them with the necessary interventions for their rehabilitation. Design/methodology/approach The approach adopted is a content analysis of the provisions of the legislation, using salient parameters that have been drawn from documented best practices, specifically the key components for framing of domestic violence legislation around the world. Findings The author finds that while there is significant attempt in extant legislation to ensure that women are protected within domestic relationships, there are still gaps. Further, the protections are uneven across the states. In addition, there are systemic and contextual challenges that hamper the effectiveness of existing legislation in Nigeria in providing the necessary protections to women. Originality/value This study analyses the provisions of some of the legislation currently in place to protect persons from domestic violence. The impact, potential effect and overall utility of these pieces of legislation continue to require examination.

Deep Convection and Column Water Vapor over Tropical Land versus Tropical Ocean: A Comparison between the Amazon and the Tropical Western Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 4043-4063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Schiro ◽  
J. David Neelin ◽  
David K. Adams ◽  
Benjamin R. Lintner
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Tropical Deep Convection ◽  
Conditional Instability ◽  
Convective Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationships between the onset of tropical deep convection, column water vapor (CWV), and other measures of conditional instability are analyzed with 2 yr of data from the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility in Manacapuru, Brazil, as part of the Green Ocean Amazon (GOAmazon) campaign, and with 3.5 yr of CWV derived from global positioning system meteorology at a nearby site in Manaus, Brazil. Important features seen previously in observations over tropical oceans—precipitation conditionally averaged by CWV exhibiting a sharp pickup at high CWV, and the overall shape of the CWV distribution for both precipitating and nonprecipitating points—are also found for this tropical continental region. The relationship between rainfall and CWV reflects the impact of lower-free-tropospheric moisture variability on convection. Specifically, CWV over land, as over ocean, is a proxy for the effect of free-tropospheric moisture on conditional instability as indicated by entraining plume calculations from GOAmazon data. Given sufficient mixing in the lower troposphere, higher CWV generally results in greater plume buoyancies through a deep convective layer. Although sensitivity of buoyancy to other controls in the Amazon is suggested, such as boundary layer and microphysical processes, the CWV dependence is consistent with the observed precipitation onset. Overall, leading aspects of the relationship between CWV and the transition to deep convection in the Amazon have close parallels over tropical oceans. The relationship is robust to averaging on time and space scales appropriate for convective physics but is strongly smoothed for averages greater than 3 h or 2.5°.

Evolution of upper water column structure inferred from paired alkenone and tetraether lipid proxies in the central Japan/East Sea since 25 ka BP

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghua Wu ◽  
Xuefa Shi ◽  
Jianjun Zou ◽  
Xun Gong ◽  
Yanguang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tetraether Lipid ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
The Impact

<p>We measure and analyse the alkenone and tetraether lipid records over the past 25 ka, from a sediment core recovered from the central Japan/East Sea. In our results, U<sup>K′</sup><sub>37</sub>- and TEX<sub>86</sub>- derived temperatures commonly represent warm signals during the period of 25-16.2 ka BP, indicating fresher and thus a stratified surface ocean. In comparison, the U<sup>K′</sup><sub>37</sub>- and TEX<sub>86</sub>- derived temperatures become diverged abruptly after 16.2 ka BP, suggesting a thermal gradient between surface and subsurface water. In addition, the isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) community structure index, GDGT-[2]/[3] ratio is high during the period of 25-16.2 ka BP and drops sharply along with the TEX<sub>86</sub>- derived temperatures at 16.2 ka BP, which is likely attributed to changes in the depth of GDGT export and/or in archaeal community structure. Specifically, the high GDGT-[2]/[3] ratio (larger than 8) can be related to strongly stratified surface Japan/East Sea. Moreover, the U<sup>K′</sup><sub>37</sub>- and TEX<sub>86</sub>- derived temperatures start converging at 5.8 ka BP, representing the impact of the Tsushima Warm Current until nowadays. Note: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 41420104005, U1606401) and National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction (GASI-GEOGE-03 &-04).</p>

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on the building climatology parameters used for designing the buildings and constructions in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Gregory Vasilyev ◽  
Victor Gornov ◽  
Pavel Konstantinov ◽  
Marina Kolesova ◽  
Alexander Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Duration Of Heating

The data analysis results of long-term measurements of climatic parameters in Moscow and St. Petersburg is presented. The data on change in these parameters during the year over the past 10 years is exposed. The trends have been identified and represented for the following parameters: outdoor temperature, sunshine, snow depth, wind speed, humidity, etc. The duration of heating periods for each studied year and city is considered, as well as crossings through -2℃ during these periods. Throughout the research, the impact of climatic changes on the parameters of building climatology, which are used in designing the buildings and constructions in Russia, was determined. The obtained climate information will allow predicting the energy efficiency of operation for various engineering systems in the construction sector, as well as for the long term perspective.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

The Impact of Quantitative Easing on Emerging Markets – Literature Review

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Piotr Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe article presents the results of the review of the empirical literature regarding the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on emerging markets (EMs). The subject is of interest to policymakers and researchers due to the increasingly larger role of EMs in the world economy and the large-scale capital flows occurring after 2009. The review is conducted in a systematic manner and takes into consideration different methodological choices, samples and measurement issues. The paper puts the summarized results in the context of transmission channels identified in the literature. There are few distinct methodological approaches present in the literature. While there is a consensus regarding the direction of the impact of QE on EMs, its size and durability have not yet been assessed with sufficient precision. In addition, there are clear gaps in the empirical findings, not least related to relative underrepresentation of the CEE region (in particular, Poland).

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