scholarly journals The Spatiotemporal Regime of Glacier Runoff in Oases Indicates the Potential Climatic Risk in Dryland Areas of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejing Leng ◽  
Xiaoming Feng ◽  
Bojie Fu ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Runoff Variation ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Glacial Runoff

Abstract. Glaciers continuously affected by climate change are of great concern; their supply and runoff variation tendency under the pressure of increasing populations, especially in dryland areas, should be studied. Due to the difficulty of observing glacier runoff, little attention has been given to establishing high-resolution and long-term series datasets established for glacial runoff. Using the latest dataset using digital elevation models (DEMs) to obtain regional individual glacier mass balance, simulating the spatiotemporal regime of glacier runoff in oases that support almost the entire income in the dryland areas of China (DAC) could be possible. The simulations quantitatively assess glacier runoff, including meltwater runoff and delayed runoff, in each basin of the DAC at a spatial resolution of 100 m from 1961 to 2015, classify glaciers according to the potential climatic risks based on the prediction results. The total glacier runoff in the DAC is (98.52 ± 67.37) × 108 m3, in which the meltwater runoff is (63.43 ± 42.17) × 108 m3, accounting for 64.38 %. Most basins had continuously increasing tendencies of different magnitudes from 1961 to 2015, except for the Shiyang River basin, which reached its peak in approximately 2000. Glacier runoff nurtured nearly 143,939.24 km2 of oasis agricultural areas (OAA) until 2015, while 19 regions with a total population of 14 million were built alongside the oases, where glacier runoff occupies an important place in agricultural, industrial and municipal water consumption. Therefore, providing a long time series of glacier runoff for different river basins is of great significance to the sustainable development of the oasis economy in the arid zones.

Application of the Alpine 3D model for glacier mass balance and glacier runoff studies at Goldbergkees, Austria

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 3941-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Michlmayr ◽  
Michael Lehning ◽  
Gernot Koboltschnig ◽  
Hubert Holzmann ◽  
Massimiliano Zappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Glacier Runoff

scholarly journals CONTROL OF WEEDS IN AGROCENOSIS OF NUTU

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Yurii Shcatula ◽  
Volodymyr Votyk
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Harmful Effects

Nowadays no herbicide has been approved for use on chickpea crops has been officially registered in Ukraine. Weed control measures are mainly used. However, many years of experience in the use of a number of herbicides in our country and in other countries. In this regard, the effectiveness and selectivity of soil preparations such as Harnes, 90% k.e., and Frontier Optima, 72% k.e. were studied in chickpea crops. These herbicides were applied after sowing chickpeas until the emergence of seedlings. Application of Harness herbicide, 90% k.e., at a rate of 3.0 l / ha in the soil before the emergence of chickpea seedlings leads to a decrease in weed vegetation a month after application of the herbicide to 88% compared to control areas where measures to protect against storms vegetation was not carried out. The regulation of the number of weeds and their harmful effects in chickpea agrophytocenoses to an economically harmless level is an important condition in the technology of its cultivation. The most relevant weed control is at the beginning of the growing season of the crop, since this the chickpea grows very slowly, is in the rosette phase for a long time, and therefore does not withstand competition from weeds. To increase the yield of chickpea seeds, an important place in the technology of growing crops is the use of herbicides and biological products. Inoculation of chickpea seeds with Rizobofitt at a consumption rate of 1 l / t and with a biofungicidal preparation Biopolycide at a consumption rate of 100 ml/t, by introducing a soil herbicide Frontier Optima, 72% k.e., at a consumption rate of 1,2 l/ha, contribute to the reduction of weeds to 91%, and the ability to obtain the yield of chickpea seeds at the level of 2,12 t/ha.

scholarly journals Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2005-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Ayala ◽  
David Farías-Barahona ◽  
Matthias Huss ◽  
Francesca Pellicciotti ◽  
James McPhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Kinematic Approximation ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Drought Mitigation ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract. As glaciers adjust their size in response to climate variations, long-term changes in meltwater production can be expected, affecting the local availability of water resources. We investigate glacier runoff in the period 1955–2016 in the Maipo River basin (4843 km2, 33.0–34.3∘ S, 69.8–70.5∘ W), in the semiarid Andes of Chile. The basin contains more than 800 glaciers, which cover 378 km2 in total (inventoried in 2000). We model the mass balance and runoff contribution of 26 glaciers with the physically oriented and fully distributed TOPKAPI (Topographic Kinematic Approximation and Integration)-ETH glacio-hydrological model and extrapolate the results to the entire basin. TOPKAPI-ETH is run at a daily time step using several glaciological and meteorological datasets, and its results are evaluated against streamflow records, remotely sensed snow cover, and geodetic mass balances for the periods 1955–2000 and 2000–2013. Results show that in 1955–2016 glacier mass balance had a general decreasing trend as a basin average but also had differences between the main sub-catchments. Glacier volume decreased by one-fifth (from 18.6±4.5 to 14.9±2.9 km3). Runoff from the initially glacierized areas was 177±25 mm yr−1 (16±7 % of the total contributions to the basin), but it shows a decreasing sequence of maxima, which can be linked to the interplay between a decrease in precipitation since the 1980s and the reduction of ice melt. Glaciers in the Maipo River basin will continue retreating because they are not in equilibrium with the current climate. In a hypothetical constant climate scenario, glacier volume would reduce to 81±38 % of the year 2000 volume, and glacier runoff would be 78±30 % of the 1955–2016 average. This would considerably decrease the drought mitigation capacity of the basin.

Biobanking and Privacy Law in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
Sueli Gandolfi Dallari ◽  
Felipe Angel Bocchi Castellaro ◽  
Iara Coelho Zito Guerriero
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Privacy Law ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Population Scale ◽  
Human Biological Material

Recent scientific and technological developments have promoted the emergence of biobanks on a population scale. Although the storage of human biological material has taken place for a long time, it is only recently that biobanks have acquired a broader scientific significance, especially for genomic research. The increase in biobanks creates many ethical dilemmas, such as the protection of privacy, and creates the need for a new regulatory framework, which must enable the sustainable development of biobanks while also protecting the rights of research subjects and biobank participants.

China's Population Aging and New Urbanization

2016 ◽  
pp. 106-124
Author(s):  
Mingxing Chen ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Yinghua Gong
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
New Urbanization

In recent years, fast demographic transition, urbanizationand socio-economic development in China draws attention of the world. The reproduction type of Chinese population has changed from “high rate of birth, high rate of death, and low rate of natural growth” to “low rate of birth, low rate of death, and low rate of natural growth”, which promotes the population transition, bringing the problems of aging of population. In China, the scale of aged population is large, and its developing speed is fast. Along with the increasing of aged population in China, the advantage of labor quantity in China is challenged. China regards new urbanization as the important work content of state in the future for a long time, providing a large opportunity for the study in the field of urbanization. For China, new urbanization plan is just a beginning. The sustainable development of Chinese population and urbanization has important meaning in the world.

Development and present situation of hydropower in China

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingsong Sun ◽  
Xiaogang Wang ◽  
Lipeng Liu ◽  
Ruizhi Fu
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Installed Capacity

Abstract As a clean and renewable energy, hydropower holds an important place in energy development for every country. China has the richest hydropower resources with 541 GW technical exportable installed capacity, a 17% global share. Hydropower is a key point of energy conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources to ensure the sustainable development strategy of China. This paper investigates the hydropower development of China and provides a summary of the current situation of the development. Over the past 100 years, China's hydropower developed tremendously. The total installed capacity of hydropower is 341.19 GW by the end of 2017 and the installed capacity of small hydropower is 79.27 GW. By the end of June 2018, 33 pumped-storage power stations had been constructed and 32 are under construction. The total installed capacity of pumped-storage power is 72.64 GW. More development will be achieved in the next decades according to China's development strategy.

scholarly journals Progress and prospect for research on mountain glaciers in China

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Xie Zichu
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Glacial Runoff ◽  
West Kunlun

In the past decade the interest of many scientists worldwide has been attracted to the central Asian area of China. A number of gaps in scientific knowledge have been closed, and many significant discoveries have been made.The most important achievement is the ice-core research by the Sino-American Joint Expedition to the Dunde Ice Cap, Qilian mountains, that established a record of ten thousand years of climatic and environmental change. In addition, in cooperation with scientists from Japan, Switzerland and the Soviet Union, studies have been carried out focusing on glacier mass balance, heat balance, the mechanism and formation of glacial runoff, and high mountain climates. This work has been done in the Tien Shan, west Kunlun, Tanggula, Nyaingentanglha and Gongga mountains.In addition, through joint efforts of scientists from China, Nepal and Canada, important advances have also been made in studies of glacier lake outburst floods and debris flows in the Karakoram and the Himalayas, and in mountainous areas in southeastern Tibet.The glaciers in central Asia will continue to be an important research area for glaciologists from all over the world in the coming decade.

Die Wüsten der Griechen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Glückhardt
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Methods ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
Long Time

The Greeks had been present in the arid zones of the southern and eastern Mediterranean since the beginnings of the archaic age. The environment of the desert produced vastly different experiences from those in their spaces of origin and their descriptions were for a long time viewed as mere mythic fragments or fantasies. By employing interdisciplinary methods however, it is possible to identify the various layers of the construction of environmental spaces and to make visible how their spatial production proceeded. Deserts offer a unique opportunity to understand the discovery and the implementation of an environment into an existing system of meaning within Greek culture and thereby to better understand the patterns involved in constructing the categories of “nature” and “space” in general.

Research on Ecological Restoration of Qingtu Lake and Water Resources Scheduling in the Downstream of Shiyang River Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Xi Yan ◽  
Xia Yan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Drying Up

The building of the Hongyashan Reservoir leads to the natural watercourse drying up in the downstream of Shiyang River Basin and the Rump lake disappearing. Lining Channels was used to conveying water to Qingtu Lake since the Key Management has been carried out in Shiyang River Basin.In spite of small regional environment improved, the river and the lake can not be connected with each other as the natural watercourse remain discarded.As a result the ecological restoration of Qingtu River can not work effectively.Starting from restoring the ecological function of rivers and lakes, the pattern of conveying water should be changed into supplementing water to Qingtu Lake with the natural watercourse of Shiyang River,connecting the lake and the river.Meanwhile the jointed scheduling mode of surface water and groundwater ensures the dynamic balance of ground water and the sustainable development of oasis.

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