scholarly journals A MULTI-SCALAR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECORDING APPROACH IN TERMEZ (UZBEKISTAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W15 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
J. Angás ◽  
P. Uribe ◽  
E. Ariño ◽  
J. M. Gurt ◽  
V. Martínez-Ferreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Urban Complex ◽  
Archaeological Areas ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper presents the preliminary results obtained during the 3D recording campaign carried out in 2018 by the Spanish-Uzbek IPAEB mission in the archaeological site of Termez (southern border of Uzbekistan). Ancient Termez is an important historical city within the Silk Road located in the ancient Bactria region. The archaeological work performed at the site since the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century allowed a large fortified urban complex to be identified that includes other walled enclosures inside it, i.e., a Hellenistic- Seleucid fortress founded after the campaigns of Alexander the Great in the late 4<sup>th</sup> century BC, several Buddhist monastic complexes dated to the Kushan period (1<sup>st</sup> to mid-3<sup>rd</sup> centuries), and a large urban settlement dated to the Islamic period which includes the city proper or <i>shahristan</i> and the suburbs or <i>rabad</i>. After the destruction by Genghis Khan in 1220, Termez was rebuilt following a different plan. Major changes involved the movement of the pottery workshops from the <i>rabad</i> to the previous <i>shahristan</i>. The research focuses on: a) the identification, study and archaeological contextualization of ceramic production centres located in different areas of the ancient Termez from the Kushan to the Islamic period (1st to 14th centuries AD); b) the integration of the pottery workshops into the general topography of the site and c) the study of their evolution in relation to the transformation of the urban design. Since the site is currently located in a military area – close to the border area between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan –, the archaeological work is restricted to specific zones and the use of aerial devices such as drones is forbidden. However, this research requires both micro and macro spatial approaches to accurately record all the archaeological structures and to evaluate the integration and evolution of the pottery workshops into the general topography of the city. In order to fill this gap, declassified images of the CORONA satellite program were analyzed and compared to historical and archaeological data. In addition, we propose a geometrical and graphical recording and distribution system of the kilns – located in the <i>rabad</i> and the <i>shahristan</i> – and the ceramics produced and used in Termez during the period studied by means of photogrammetric techniques. The results are aimed at management through open-source 3D formats and web mapping GIS libraries combined with historical satellite information that defines the different archaeological areas.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Ardabil's Business and Communication Routes in Survival and Prosperity Based on Historical Texts and Archaeological Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hosseini Nia ◽  
Karim Hajizadeh ◽  
Habib Shahbazi Shiran ◽  
Reza Rezalou
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Main Question ◽  
North West ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Trading Routes ◽  
The City

In the early Islamic centuries, Ardabil is considered to be the oldest and the first city in the Azerbaijani province due to its regional biodiversity in geographical texts. The present study investigates the communication routes to the peripheral points in the Islamic period and their role in the survival of the city based on historical literature and archeological data. The importance and safety of roads and communication routes were two important components that influenced each other, making Ardabil a city in the center of commercial and trading routes in the North-West. This situation can be seen and prosecuted during the Islamic period from the beginning of Islam to the late Islamic centuries. The research method is historical-analytical and the data were collected through the study of historical and geographical literature and the use of the archaeological reports of the area. The main question of this article is: “What effect did the communication routes have had on the survival of the Islamic period until the end of the Safavid period?” The results show that in the early centuries, the city's communication routes were significantly prosperous. The description of the roads and the importance of the buildings and the cities inside them are described together. In this period, roads have played a leading role in the survival and prosperity of the city. In the Middle Ages, this city became a trivial city in the region as the capital, trade and communication routes changed. During the Safavid period, the city was once again restored to its former prosperity due to the importance of the tomb complex of Sheikh Safiad-din Ardabili to the kings of the dynasty as well as the conversion of the city to the site of the Silk Road. During this period, numerous routes were created and led to the orientalists and tourists’ travelling to this ciy

scholarly journals DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E ARQUEOLOGIA DA PAISAGEM: O Sítio Arqueológico El Socorro, um Padrão Atípico Mesoamericano

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Pedro Jiménez Lara ◽  
Carlos Fabiano Marques de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Present Text ◽  
The Way

O presente texto surgiu como um desafio, a análise de um assentamento mesoamericano pré-hispânico, denominado El Socorro, localizado próximo a cidade de Tlacojalpan em Veracruz, México, região do Golfo da Mesoamerica. A realização de uma abordagem contextual dos sítios arqueológicos, numa perspectiva intra e extra sítio, num primeiro momento fazendo uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento e de procedimentos topográficos com estação total. Optamos nesse texto utilizar como substrato para nossas observações e avaliação das imagens de satélite, desenhos topográficos e dados arqueológicos dos sítios pré-hispânicos uma abordagem centrada na arqueologia da paisagem para uma identificação em superficie mas ampla do sitio dentro do contexto regional e mesoamericano. Um analisis complexo por tratarse de um sitio excepcional pela distribuçao e forma como foi construído. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND LANDSCAPE ARCHEOLOGY: The Socorro Archaeological Site, The El Socorro Archaeological Site, an Atypical Mesoamerican PatternABSTRACTThe present text appeared as a challenge, the analysis of a pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican settlement, named El Socorro, located near the city of Tlacojalpan in Veracruz, Mexico. region of the Gulf of Mesoamerica. The realization of a contextual approach of archaeological sites, in an intra and extra-site perspective, at first using geoprocessing tools and topographic procedures. We chose to use as substrate for our observations and evaluation of satellite images, topographical drawings and archaeological data of the prehispanic sites, an approach centered on landscape archeology for a broader surface identification of the site within the regional and Mesoamerican context. A complex analysis because it is an exceptional site for the distribution and the way it was buil.Keywords: El Socorro; Mesoamerica; Archaeological Site; Landscape 

scholarly journals 2014. Settlement and Rule in the Eighth-Ninth Centuries: the Arava as a Case Study (Hebrew).

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagit Nol
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
The City ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Material Evidence

The archaeological data from the Arava (Southern Israel/Jordan) suggests massive settlement during the eighth and ninth centuries (the Early Islamic Period), which the literary sources do not mention. The material evidence includes copper industry, a developed agriculture with qanats, and specific architecture. In this study, data from the excavations and surveys in both Jordan and Israel was gathered, and settlement patterns were identified. The Arava patterns of settlement suggest the possibility of the intervention of ruling authorities. First, Early Islamic settlement in the Arava is a one-time phenomenon; Second, advanced technologies were used to exploit the area’s natural resources, and third, the city of Ayla and the courtyard houses are expressions of an administrative architecture. However, this study cannot determine whether the involvement was that of the central government or of local authorities only.

scholarly journals Construction Damages a Prehistoric Caddo Indian Archaeological Site at the City of Gilmer's proposed Lake Gilmer, Upshur County, Texas

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
Legislative Session ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Reservoir Construction ◽  
The City ◽  
Habitation Site

In March 1996, the archaeological work being conducted at the proposed Lake Gilmer was called to a halt by the archaeological contractor (Horizon Environmental Services of Austin, Texas) and the City of Gilmer long before the required archaeological mitigation of important prehistoric Caddo sites had been completed. The reasons are still somewhat obscure. After a delay of more than 1.5 years in the completion of the archaeological investigations at the proposed Lake Gilmer, a federal and state-permitted reservoir in Northeast Texas, the Division of Antiquities Protection at the Texas Historical Commission has taken up the task of completing the archaeological work, following the legal dictates laid down by State Representative Bob Glaze during the last legislative session. This work will apparently concentrate on completing the investigations of 4JUR133, a large Middle (ca. A.D. 1200-1400) and Late Caddoan (ca. A.D. 1400- 1680) period habitation site. While the work at 41UR133 is long over-due, we believe that additional archaeological investigations are warranted at Lake Gilmer evaluation of the research significance of a recently discovered Caddo Indian site within the Lake Gilmer floodpool that has been damaged by reservoir construction-related activities, and evaluation of the research significance of the more than 30 archaeological sites discovered within the reservoir floodpool since 1996 by the Northeast Texas Archaeological Society. All of these sites must be considered by state law to be State Archeological Landmarks since they are on land owned by the City of Gilmer (a political subdivision), and they warrant further consideration. In this paper, we discuss site 41UR210 (the 852 Bridge site), a previously unreported and newly discovered prehistoric Caddo Indian site that has been damaged by construction activities associated with the proposed Lake Gilmer project in Upshur County, Texas. The site is on a small alluvial terrace adjacent to Kelsey Creek, on property owned by the City of Gilmer, and it was not recorded during the archeological survey completed for the project several years ago. Kelsey Creek is a tributary of Little Cypress Creek. This prehistoric Caddo Indian site has been damaged by construction-related activities associated with the construction of a new and higher bridge on FM 852 that will cross over the proposed Lake Gilmer. The site has been damaged by blading and bulldozing activities to obtain sand, and sediments have been removed to an unknown depth over an area more than 2 acres in size. Considerable amounts of prehistoric Caddoan vessel and pipe ceramic sherds have been exposed in this damaged area, and it is considered likely that prehistoric habitation features (middens and structural features)--as well as Caddo burial features--are present at the site, and may have already been damaged.

scholarly journals Multitemporal–Multispectral UAS Surveys for Archaeological Research: The Case Study of San Vincenzo Al Volturno (Molise, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2719
Author(s):  
Nicodemo Abate ◽  
Alessia Frisetti ◽  
Federico Marazzi ◽  
Nicola Masini ◽  
Rosa Lasaponara
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Low Altitude

Unmanned aerial vehicles are currently the most used solution for cultural heritage in the field of close range and low altitude acquisitions. This work shows data acquired by multitemporal and multispectral aerial surveys in the archaeological site of San Vincenzo al Volturno (Molise, Italy). The site is one of the most important medieval archaeological sites in the world. It is a monastic settlement that was particularly rich during the early Middle Ages, and is famous for its two full-frescoed crypts which represent a milestone in the history of medieval art. Thanks to the use of multispectral aerial photography at different times of the year, an area not accessible to archaeological excavation has been investigated. To avoid redundancy of information and reduce the number of data to be analysed, a method based on spectral and radiometric enhancement techniques combined with a selective principal component analysis was used for the identification of useful information. The combination of already published archaeological data and new remote sensing discoveries, has allowed to better define the situation of the abbey during the building phases of the 8th/9th century and 11th century, confirming and adding new data to the assumptions made by archaeologists.

scholarly journals Modeling the City Distribution System Reliability with Bayesian Networks to Identify Influence Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Liyu Zhu ◽  
Shensi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
Distribution System Reliability ◽  
The City

Under the increasingly uncertain economic environment, the research on the reliability of urban distribution system has great practical significance for the integration of logistics and supply chain resources. This paper summarizes the factors that affect the city logistics distribution system. Starting from the research of factors that influence the reliability of city distribution system, further construction of city distribution system reliability influence model is built based on Bayesian networks. The complex problem is simplified by using the sub-Bayesian network, and an example is analyzed. In the calculation process, we combined the traditional Bayesian algorithm and the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, which made the Bayesian model able to lay a more accurate foundation. The results show that the Bayesian network can accurately reflect the dynamic relationship among the factors affecting the reliability of urban distribution system. Moreover, by changing the prior probability of the node of the cause, the correlation degree between the variables that affect the successful distribution can be calculated. The results have significant practical significance on improving the quality of distribution, the level of distribution, and the efficiency of enterprises.

scholarly journals Google Earth Engine as Multi-Sensor Open-Source Tool for Supporting the Preservation of Archaeological Areas: The Case Study of Flood and Fire Mapping in Metaponto, Italy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791
Author(s):  
Carmen Fattore ◽  
Nicodemo Abate ◽  
Farid Faridani ◽  
Nicola Masini ◽  
Rosa Lasaponara
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Google Earth Engine ◽  
Archaeological Areas ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the impact of Climate change, anthropogenic and natural hazards (such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, tsunamis, fires) has dramatically increased and adversely affected modern and past human buildings including outstanding cultural properties and UNESCO heritage sites. Research about protection/monitoring of cultural heritage is crucial to preserve our cultural properties and (with them also) our history and identity. This paper is focused on the use of the open-source Google Earth Engine tool herein used to analyze flood and fire events which affected the area of Metaponto (southern Italy), near the homonymous Greek-Roman archaeological site. The use of the Google Earth Engine has allowed the supervised and unsupervised classification of areas affected by flooding (2013–2020) and fire (2017) in the past years, obtaining remarkable results and useful information for setting up strategies to mitigate damage and support the preservation of areas and landscape rich in cultural and natural heritage.

Reconstructing the Chronology of the House XVII-XVIII Complex at Umm el-Jimal, East Jordan: Radiocarbon Dates of Organic Inclusions of Architectural Mortars

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Al-Bashaireh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Byzantine Period

This article presents accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates of organic inclusions of cement materials from the House XVII-XVIII Complex located in the Umm el-Jimal archaeological site, east Jordan, aiming at refining the unclear chronology of the house. Fine straws and small fragments of charcoal uncovered from preserved architectural lime mortars and plasters were dated without carrying out extensive excavations. The results indicate that the house most probably was initially plastered or built during the middle of the Byzantine period. The results agree with the historical and archaeological data indicating that Umm el-Jimal flourished during this period; therefore, it is probable that the house was established during this time to meet the housing demand for the increased number of its population.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Fluoride Levels for a City in Northern Mexico (Durango) Determined Using a Direct Electrochemical Method and Their Potential Effects on Oral Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Molina Frechero ◽  
Leonor Sánchez Pérez ◽  
Enrique Castañeda Castaneira ◽  
Anastasio Oropeza Oropeza ◽  
Enrique Gaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Fluoride is ingested primarily through consuming drinking water. When drinking water contains fluoride concentrations >0.7 parts per million (ppm), consuming such water can be toxic to the human body; this toxicity is called “fluorosis.” Therefore, it is critical to determine the fluoride concentrations in drinking water. The objective of this study was to determine the fluoride concentration in the drinking water of the city of Durango. The wells that supply the drinking water distribution system for the city of Durango were studied. One hundred eighty-nine (189) water samples were analyzed, and the fluoride concentration in each sample was quantified as established by the law NMX-AA-077-SCFI-2001. The fluoride concentrations in such samples varied between 2.22 and 7.23 ppm with a 4.313 ± 1.318 ppm mean concentration. The highest values were observed in the northern area of the city, with a 5.001 ± 2.669 ppm mean value. The samples produced values that exceeded the national standard for fluoride in drinking water. Chronic exposure to fluoride at such concentrations produces harmful health effects, the first sign of which is dental fluorosis. Therefore, it is essential that the government authorities implement water defluoridation programs and take preventative measures to reduce the ingestion of this toxic halogen.

scholarly journals High-resolution late Holocene sedimentary cores record the long history of the city of Cádiz (south-western Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Ferréol Salomon ◽  
Darío Bernal-Casasola ◽  
José J. Díaz ◽  
Macarena Lara ◽  
Salvador Domínguez-Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Abstract. Today, coastal cities worldwide are facing major changes resulting from climate change and anthropogenic forcing, which requires adaptation and mitigation strategies to be established. In this context, sedimentological archives in many Mediterranean cities record a multi-millennial history of environmental dynamics and human adaptation, revealing a long-lasting resilience. Founded by the Phoenicians around 3000 years ago, Cádiz (south-western Spain) is a key example of a coastal resilient city. This urban centre is considered to be one of the first cities of western Europe and has experienced major natural hazards during its long history, such as coastal erosion, storms, and also tsunamis (like the one in 1755 CE following the destructive Lisbon earthquake). In the framework of an international, joint archaeological and geoarchaeological project, three cores have been drilled in a marine palaeochannel that ran through the ancient city of Cádiz. These cores reveal a ≥50 m thick Holocene sedimentary sequence. Importantly, most of the deposits date from the 1st millennium BCE to the 1st millennium CE. This exceptional sedimentary archive will allow our scientific team to achieve its research goals, which are (1) to reconstruct the palaeogeographical evolution of this specific coastal area; (2) to trace the intensity of activities of the city of Cádiz based on archaeological data, as well as geochemical and palaeoecological indicators; and (3) to identify and date high-energy event deposits such as storms and tsunamis.

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