scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms and Immunomodulatory Effects of Platinum Analogs on Some Genes and as Anticancer Drugs: Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Dalia A. Shakur ◽  
Suhad F. H. Al-Mugdadi ◽  
Inam S. Arif
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Dna Break ◽  
Dna Purine Bases ◽  
Platinum Analogs

Platinum analogs includes cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug with excellent success in the management of human malignancies. Molecular mechanism of action related to its capacity to crosslink of DNA purine bases; also, by interfere with DNA repair, leading to DNA break, and consequently lead to apoptosis in cancer cells. Cisplatin also found to have immunomodulatory properties besides its cytotoxic effect.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Allergic Rhinitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Liwei Sun ◽  
Jichao Sha ◽  
Cuida Meng ◽  
Dongdong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent disorder that causes a significant and often underestimated health burden for individuals and society. The current drug treatment cannot essentially deal with the regulation of the allergic reaction, while the allergic symptoms could be alleviated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) bear a variety of properties, such as the ability to differentiate into various cell lineages, to secrete soluble factors crucial for cell survival and proliferation, to migrate to the exact site of injury, and to modulate the immune response. Clinical studies have been extensively conducted in MSCs as the models for varieties of diseases such as neurological diseases. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, the MSCs have gradually been believed to become one of the promising strategies for AR treatments although so far the MSCs-mediated treatment for AR is still at animal experiments stage. Fully understanding the roles and mechanisms of MSCs immunomodulatory effects serves as the prerequisite that will be beneficial to the application of MSCs-based AR clinical treatment methods. In this review article, we highlighted the recent research advances and give a brief perspective in the future study of the MSCs-mediated therapeutic application in AR treatments.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Effects of Honey and Associated Flavonoids in Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Razan J. Masad ◽  
Shoja M. Haneefa ◽  
Yassir A. Mohamed ◽  
Ashraf Al-Sbiei ◽  
Ghada Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Honey has exerted a high impact in the field of alternative medicine over many centuries. In addition to its wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant properties, several lines of evidence have highlighted the efficiency of honey and associated bioactive constituents as anti-tumor agents against a range of cancer types. Mechanistically, honey was shown to inhibit cancer cell growth through its pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects. However, the potential of honey to regulate anti-tumor immune responses is relatively unexplored. A small number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of honey to modulate the immune system by inducing immunostimulatory as well as anti-inflammatory effects. In the present review, we summarize the findings from different studies that aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of honey and its flavonoid components in relation to cancer. While these studies provide promising data, additional research is needed to further elucidate the immunomodulatory properties of honey, and to enable its utilization as an adjuvant therapy in cancer.

scholarly journals Immunoregulation by Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: A New Role for Old Antimalarial Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Qiu ◽  
Junfeng Liu ◽  
Xiumei Mo ◽  
Huazhen Liu ◽  
Yuchao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) are known as conventional antimalarial drugs with clinical safety and efficacy. Youyou Tu was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine due to her discovery of artemisinin and its therapeutic effects on malaria. Apart from antimalarial effects, mounting evidence has demonstrated that ARTs exert therapeutic effects on inflammation and autoimmune disorders because of their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. In this aspect, tremendous progress has been made during the past five to seven years. Therefore, the present review summarizes recent studies that have explored the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of ARTs on autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. In this review, we also discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of ARTs. Recent preclinical studies will help lay the groundwork for clinical trials using ARTs to treat various immune-based disorders, especially autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory action of jacalin from Artocarpus integrifolia and mannoprotein from Saccharomyces uvarum on the humoral immunity of laying hens

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Chiara Silva ◽  
Miriele Caroline da Silva ◽  
João Waine Pinheiro ◽  
Raul Jorge Hernan Castro-Goméz ◽  
Alice Eiko Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Saccharomyces Uvarum ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Artocarpus Integrifolia

ABSTRACT: Advances in the fields of glycobiology and immunology have provided many insights into the role of carbohydrate-protein interactions in the immune system. Jacalin of Artocarpus integrifolia (JCA) and structural mannoprotein of Saccharomyces uvarum (MPS) are molecules with immunomodulatory properties. JCA is an IgA human lectin binding molecule that causes the mitogenic stimulation of immune cells, production of cytokines, chemotaxis, and activation of leukocytes. Studies on the immunomodulatory properties of JCA and MPS in mammals and fish suggest that they have an action on antibody production. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible action of JCA and MPS on the production of specific antibodies in laying hens. For this, laying hens were inoculated with an intra abdominal injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) with either JCA (0.075 µg, 0.75 µg, and 7.5 µg) or MPS (20 µg and 100 µg). Levels of anti-SRBC antibodies of the IgY, IgM, and IgA classes were evaluated by ELISA. Results showed that JCA and MPS have immunomodulatory effects on levels of anti-SRBC IgM, IgA, and IgY. An immunostimulatory effect of JCA was observed in primary immune response on anti-SRBC IgY, while an inhibitory effect of JCA and MPS was observed in secondary immune response on the production of IgM and IgA anti-SRBC. These results suggested that MPS and JCA have immunomodulatory effects on antibody production and could be used in future studies on humoral immune response in poultry.

Subversion of immune cell signal transduction pathways by the secreted filarial nematode product, ES-62

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (S1) ◽  
pp. S63-S68 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. HARNETT ◽  
H. S. GOODRIDGE ◽  
M. M. HARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Filarial Nematode ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Intracellular Signal ◽  
Cell Signal Transduction ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Filarial nematodes achieve longevity within the infected host by suppressing and modulating the host immune response. To do this, the worms actively secrete products that have been demonstrated to possess immunomodulatory properties. In this article we discuss the immunomodulatory effects of the phosphorylcholine-containing filarial nematode secreted glycoprotein ES-62. In particular we describe how it modulates intracellular signal transduction pathways in a number of different cells of the immune system, in particular B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory effects of interferon-γ on human fetal cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Henrik Grinnemo ◽  
Marie Löfling ◽  
Lubov Nathanson ◽  
Roland Baumgartner ◽  
Daniel F. J. Ketelhuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Functional Changes

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, are therapeutically used for diseases, including heart failure. As early gestational-phase embryonic tissues exhibit extraordinary regenerative potential, fetal MSCs exposed to inflammation offer a unique opportunity to evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying preferential healing, and investigate their inherent abilities to communicate with the immune system during development. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of interferon-γ (IFNγ) on the immunomodulatory effects of first-trimester human fetal cardiac (hfc)-MSCs. Methods hfcMSCs (gestational week 8) were exposed to IFNγ, with subsequent analysis of the whole transcriptome, based on RNA sequencing. Exploration of surface-expressed immunoregulatory mediators and modulation of T cell responses were performed by flow cytometry. Presence and activity of soluble mediators were assessed by ELISA or high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Stimulation of hfcMSCs with IFNγ revealed significant transcriptional changes, particularly in respect to the expression of genes belonging to antigen presentation pathways, cell cycle control, and interferon signaling. Expression of immunomodulatory genes and associated functional changes, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, and regulation of T cell activation and proliferation via programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, were significantly upregulated. These immunoregulatory molecules diminished rapidly upon withdrawal of inflammatory stimulus, indicating a high degree of plasticity by hfcMSCs. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study performing a systematic evaluation of inflammatory responses and immunoregulatory properties of first-trimester cardiac tissue. In summary, our study demonstrates the dynamic responsiveness of hfcMSCs to inflammatory stimuli. Further understanding as to the immunoregulatory properties of hfcMSCs may be of benefit in the development of novel stromal cell therapeutics for cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnostic Aspects and Therapeutic Opportunities of Micro Ribonucleic Acids in Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Böhm ◽  
Marianna Vachalcova ◽  
Peter Snopek ◽  
Ljuba Bacharova ◽  
Dominika Komarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Diagnostic Aspects ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules responsible for regulation of gene expression. They are involved in many pathophysiological processes of a wide spectrum of diseases. Recent studies showed their involvement in atrial fibrillation. They seem to become potential screening biomarkers for atrial fibrillation and even treatment targets for this arrhythmia. The aim of this review article was to summarize the latest knowledge about miRNA and their molecular relation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Developmental Genes and Malformations in the Hypothalamus

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Diaz ◽  
Luis Puelles
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Forebrain Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Brain Malformations ◽  
Clinical Complexity ◽  
Genes Encoding

The hypothalamus is a heterogeneous rostral forebrain region that regulates physiological processes essential for survival, energy metabolism, and reproduction, mainly mediated by the pituitary gland. In the updated prosomeric model, the hypothalamus represents the rostralmost forebrain, composed of two segmental regions (terminal and peduncular hypothalamus), which extend respectively into the non-evaginated preoptic telencephalon and the evaginated pallio-subpallial telencephalon. Complex genetic cascades of transcription factors and signaling molecules rule their development. Alterations of some of these molecular mechanisms acting during forebrain development are associated with more or less severe hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunctions, which may be associated with brain malformations such as holoprosencephaly or septo-optic dysplasia. Studies on transgenic mice with mutated genes encoding critical transcription factors implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary development are contributing to understanding the high clinical complexity of these pathologies. In this review article, we will analyze first the complex molecular genoarchitecture of the hypothalamus resulting from the activity of previous morphogenetic signaling centers and secondly some malformations related to alterations in genes implicated in the development of the hypothalamus.

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