Characterization of the Steel Tire Cord - Rubber Interface

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Buytaert ◽  
Frederik Coornaert ◽  
Willem Dekeyser
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Interfacial Layers ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Steel Cords ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Steel Cord

Abstract Brass-coated steel cords are extensively used as reinforcement material in radial tires, high-pressure hydraulic hoses and heavy duty conveyor belts. Bonding between rubber and steel cord is obtained via the formation of an adhesion interface layer during the curing process. The adhesion build-up mechanism involves the chemical reaction of sulfurating species contained in the rubber skim compound and copper of the brass coating, forming a CuxS layer at the rubber-brass interface. Advances in mechanistic investigations are presented, using analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). XPS and AES provide chemical in-depth information, whereas OM and AFM highlight the morphology of the resulting interfacial layers. These investigations improve the understanding of the adhesion mechanism, both for adhesion buildup and for bond degradation.

Interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate and its reactivity toward uranium (VI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Nidia García-González ◽  
Eduardo Ordoñez-Regil ◽  
María Guadalupe Almazán-Torres ◽  
Eric Simoni
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Batch Method ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Modified

AbstractThe interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate surface and its reactivity toward uranium (VI) was investigated. The interaction of salicylic acid with zirconium diphosphate was firstly studied using several analytical techniques including atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sorption of uranium (VI) onto surface-modified zirconium diphosphate was evaluated by the classical batch method at room temperature. This study showed that the uranium (VI) sorption onto zirconium diphosphate is influenced by the presence of salicylic acid. A fluorescence spectroscopy study revealed the presence of a uranyl specie onto the modified solid surface. The spectroscopy results were then used to restrain the modeling of experimental sorption data, which are interpreted in terms of a constant capacitance model using the FITEQL code. The results indicated that interaction between the uranium (VI) and the surface of zirconium diphosphate modified with salicylic acid leads to the formation of a ternary surface complex.

Low-temperature growth of HfO2 dielectric layers by Plasma-Enhanced CVD

2003 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Losurdo ◽  
M.M. Giangregorio ◽  
M. Luchena ◽  
P. Capezzuto ◽  
G. Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Dielectric Layers

ABSTRACTHfO2 dielectric layers have been grown on p -type Si(100) by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD), using Ar-O2 plasmas and hafnium(IV) tetra-t -butoxide as precursors. In-situ control of the plasma phase is carried out by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and quadrupolar mass spectrometry (QMS).Structural and optical properties of the HfO2 layers and of the HfO2/Si interface are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the photon energy range 1.5–6.0 eV‥ SE data are corroborated by results obtained from glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The effect of the substrate temperature (RT-250°C) and precursor flow on the thickness of interfacial SiO2 layer and on the HfO2 microstructure is investigated. The growth dynamics of HfO2 film and SiO2 interface layer is also discussed.

Tribochemical Interactions Between Lubricant Additives and Low Hydrogen Containing DLC Coating Under Boundary Lubrication Conditions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassamul Haque ◽  
Ardian Morina ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Dlc Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) coatings are becoming very popular for automotive tribo-components as they can offer excellent tribological properties resulting in improved fuel economy and reducing dependence on harmful components of existing additives. The tribochemical interactions of low hydrogen containing DLC coating with lubricants, basically customised for ferrous materials, are yet to be well understood. In this work, an experimental study has been performed to understand the synergistic and antagonistic effects of low friction and antiwear additives on a 15 at. % hydrogen containing DLC coating. Surface sensitive analytical techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to perform physical and chemical characterization of the tribofilms.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide with cuprous oxide film under UV-vis irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Jianqing Feng ◽  
Lihua Jin ◽  
Chengshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Effect

AbstractWe have grown Cu2O films by different routes including self-oxidation and metal-organic deposition (MOD). The reduction efficiency of Cu2O films on graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by modified Hummer’s method has been studied. Surface morphology and chemical state of as-prepared Cu2O film and GO sheets reduced at different conditions have also been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that self-oxidation Cu2O film is more effective on phtocatalytic reduction of GO than MOD-Cu2O film. Moreover, reduction effect of self-oxidation Cu2O film to GO is comparable to that of environmental-friendly reducing agent of vitamin C. The present results offer a potentially eco-friendly and low-cost approach for the manufacture of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by photocatalytic reduction.

scholarly journals Interface Structures and Electronic States of Epitaxial Tetraazanaphthacene on Single-Crystal Pentacene

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Yuki Gunjo ◽  
Hajime Kamebuchi ◽  
Ryohei Tsuruta ◽  
Masaki Iwashita ◽  
Kana Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Interface Dipole ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Interfacial Structures ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Interface Structures

The structural and electronic properties of interfaces composed of donor and acceptor molecules play important roles in the development of organic opto-electronic devices. Epitaxial growth of organic semiconductor molecules offers a possibility to control the interfacial structures and to explore precise properties at the intermolecular contacts. 5,6,11,12-tetraazanaphthacene (TANC) is an acceptor molecule with a molecular structure similar to that of pentacene, a representative donor material, and thus, good compatibility with pentacene is expected. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the molecular interface between TANC and pentacene single crystal (PnSC) substrates were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), and photoelectron spectroscopy. GIXD revealed that TANC molecules assemble into epitaxial overlayers of the (010) oriented crystallites by aligning an axis where the side edges of the molecules face each other along the [1¯10] direction of the PnSC. No apparent interface dipole was found, and the energy level offset between the highest occupied molecular orbitals of TANC and the PnSC was determined to be 1.75 eV, which led to a charge transfer gap width of 0.7 eV at the interface.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Analysis in the COVID-19 Era: Insights on Serum Inactivation Protocols towards Downstream Isolation and Analysis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Roberto Frigerio ◽  
Angelo Musicò ◽  
Marco Brucale ◽  
Andrea Ridolfi ◽  
Silvia Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mirna Content

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, the handling of biological samples from confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals demanded the use of inactivation protocols to ensure laboratory operators’ safety. While not standardized, these practices can be roughly divided into two categories, namely heat inactivation and solvent-detergent treatments. These routine procedures should also apply to samples intended for Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) analysis. Assessing the impact of virus-inactivating pre-treatments is therefore of pivotal importance, given the well-known variability introduced by different pre-analytical steps on downstream EVs isolation and analysis. Arguably, shared guidelines on inactivation protocols tailored to best address EVs-specific requirements will be needed among the analytical community, yet deep investigations in this direction have not yet been reported. We here provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 inactivation practices to be adopted prior to serum EVs analysis by comparing solvent/detergent treatment vs. heat inactivation. Our analysis entails the evaluation of EVs recovery and purity along with biochemical, biophysical and biomolecular profiling by means of a set of complementary analytical techniques: Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Western Blotting, Atomic Force Microscopy, miRNA content (digital droplet PCR) and tetraspanin assessment by microarrays. Our data suggest an increase in ultracentrifugation (UC) recovery following heat treatment; however, it is accompanied by a marked enrichment in EVs-associated contaminants. On the other hand, solvent/detergent treatment is promising for small EVs (<150 nm range), yet a depletion of larger vesicular entities was detected. This work represents a first step towards the identification of optimal serum inactivation protocols targeted to EVs analysis.

scholarly journals Silane-Coating Strategy for Titanium Functionalization Does Not Impair Osteogenesis In Vivo

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Plinio Mendes Senna ◽  
Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão ◽  
Rafael Coutinho Mello-Machado ◽  
Kayvon Javid ◽  
Pietro Montemezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silane Coating ◽  
Titanium Screws

Silane-coating strategy has been used to bind biological compounds to the titanium surface, thereby making implant devices biologically active. However, it has not been determined if the presence of the silane coating itself is biocompatible to osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if silane-coating affects bone formation on titanium using a rabbit model. For this, titanium screw implants (3.75 by 6 mm) were hydroxylated in a solution of H2SO4/30% H2O2 for 4 h before silane-coating with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A parallel set of titanium screws underwent only the hydroxylation process to present similar acid-etched topography as a control. The presence of the silane on the surface was checked by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 40 titanium screws were implanted in the tibia of ten New Zealand rabbits in order to evaluate bone-to-implant contact (BIC) after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of healing. Silane-coated surface presented higher nitrogen content in the XPS analysis, while micro- and nano-topography of the surface remained unaffected. No difference between the groups was observed after 3 and 6 weeks of healing (p > 0.05, independent t-test), although an increase in BIC occurred over time. These results indicate that silanization of a titanium surface with APTES did not impair the bone formation, indicating that this can be a reliable tool to anchor osteogenic molecules on the surface of implant devices.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Casein Phosphopeptides Biocomposite Coatings on the Medical Titanium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 1065-1069
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Yin Zhong Bu ◽  
Sheng Rong Yang ◽  
Jin Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptides ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
First Time

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been applied in orthopedics as one of the most popular biomedical metallic implant materials. In this work, to enhance the bioactivity, the surface of Ti alloy pre-modified by silane coupling agent and glutaraldehyde was covalently grafted with chitosan (CS) via biochemical multistep self-assembled method. Then, for the first time, the achieved surface was further immobilized with casein phosphopeptides (CPP), which are one group of bioactive peptides released from caseins in the digestive tract and can facilitate the calcium adsorption and usage, to form CS-CPP biocomposite coatings. The structure and composition of the fabricated coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As the experimental results indicated, multi-step assembly was successfully performed, and the CS and CPP were assembled onto the Ti alloy surface orderly. It is anticipated that the Ti alloys modified by CS-CPP biocomposite coatings will find potential applications as implant materials in biomedical fields.

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