scholarly journals Aqueous Extracts of Plants on the Physiological and Sanitary Quality of Chenopodium Quinoa Seeds as an Alternative to Conventional Seed Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Henrique Fernando Lidório ◽  
José Cardoso Sobrinho ◽  
Janine Farias Menegaes ◽  
José Domingos Jacques Leão ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Low Toxicity

This work evaluated the effect of aqueous plant extracts from chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev), cinnamon (Melia azedarach L.) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the physiological and sanitary quality of germinating Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) seeds, as an alternative to seed treatment. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions in the year 2018. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×10 factorial scheme (two lots of quinoa seeds × ten doses of concentrated plant extracts), with four replicates each. The quinoa seeds were exposed to the plant extracts separately for ten minutes by submersion at the concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10%. The variables evaluated were germination, first germination count, field emergence, germination and emergence speed index, seedling length and sanity. The aqueous plant extracts of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev, Melia azadarach L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. used in the quinoa seed treatment raised the emergence speed and the fungi control of these seeds within the variations and situations of each batch. The D. grandiflora extract, in all concentrations used, improved seed germination index, obtaining the highest rate of 70% in seeds treated with 5% concentration compared to the control treatment, which obtained 59%. M. azedarach (10% concentration) is the best treatment for emergence speed improvement, while S. aromaticum (10% concentration) provides the highest control of pathogens: 28% in relation to the control treatment that obtained 75%. These results highlighted the viability of the use of these species with low toxicity to man and the environment as treatment of quinoa seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of the storage of soybean seeds treated with agrochemicals on the physiological quality and on the seedlings morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
João Pedro Garcia Nogueira ◽  
Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Alves ◽  
Éder Matsuo ◽  
Willian Rodrigues Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Anthranilic Diamide ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The One

Seed treatment is the most efficient technique for controlling pests and pathogens that can influence the initial development of the crop. However, storing treated seeds may damage the physiological quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage on the physiological quality of treated soybean seeds and on the morphology of soybean seedlings. The treatments were carried out with Fludioxonil, Imidacloprid and Anthranilic Diamide, in the dosage of 200, 150 and 100 mL of the commercial product 100 kg of seeds, respectively, from the cultivar BRSMG752S. The experimental designs used were randomized blocks (greenhouse) and completely randomized (laboratory), in a simple factorial 4x4scheme, with 4 sowing times (30, 20, 10 and 0 days after treatments) and 4 treatments (3 products and untreated seeds) with 4 repetitions. The treatment of soybean seeds with Anthranilic Diamide submitted to different storage periods was the one with the closest physiological quality to the treatment without application of agrochemicals. The soybean seeds treated with Imidacloprid showed a reduction in physiological quality with the storage time, reduction (in general) in the root length and presented a lower seedling length at 20 days of storage.

scholarly journals Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine reduces ageing-induced damage in onion seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
V.R. Yalamalle ◽  
D.M. Ithape ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
K. Bhagat ◽  
S. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Seed Ageing

The effect of treating aged onion seeds with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on germination and vigour was evaluated. Seeds of two onion varieties, 'Bhima Raj' (BRJ) and 'Bhima Red' (BRD) were treated with 0, 10, 25 or 50 μg mL–1 5-azacytidine (a DNA demethylating agent). In comparison with the control treatment (0 μg mL–1 5-azacytidine), treatment with 5-azacytidine enhanced seed germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seed vigour indices. 5-azacytidine treatment also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine has the potential to enhance the viability and vigour of aged onion seeds. This study provides phenotypic and biochemical data for further exploring the role of DNA methylation in understanding the process of seed ageing.

scholarly journals Plant extracts, metaldehyde and saline solutions on the population control of Bradybaena similaris

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316-1321
Author(s):  
Junir Antonio Lutinski ◽  
Fernanda Piovesan Bonfante ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato ◽  
Carin Guarda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Saline Solutions

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to test the efficiency of plant extracts, metaldehyde and saline solutions, as alternatives to the population control of the snail Bradybaena similaris , and to investigate the effect of the plant extracts in reducing the damage of the snail on Brassica oleracea . The experiments were performed at the Entomology Laboratory of the Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), using a random experimental design with nine treatments in triplicate. Five adult individuals of B. similaris were subjected to each trial, totaling 135 snails. The following treatments were tested: cinnamon ( Melia azedarach ), timbó ( Ateleia glazioveana ), rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ), mate herb ( Ilex paraguariensis ), two concentrations of metaldehyde (3% and 5%), two concentrations of salt solution (5% and 10 %), and a control treatment (distilled water). To evaluate the survival of B. similaris it was checked the treatments every 24 hours, over four consecutive days. The results revealed that the two concentrations of metaldehyde were fully efficient, that the saline solution (10%) had and intermediate efficiency, and that all other treatments were not effective. The treatment with the M. azedarach extract induced a higher consumption of B. oleracea , while the saline solution at 10% and the extracts of R. officinalis and I. paraguariensis inhibited leaf consumption.

scholarly journals Essential oils control anthracnose in pepper seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e7619109028
Author(s):  
Daniele Maria do Nascimento ◽  
Paula Leite dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior ◽  
Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori ◽  
Adriana Zanin Kronka
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Clove Essential Oil ◽  
And Control

Pepper (Capsicum annum) is one of the main vegetables consumed in the Brazilian market, however, an important fungal disease, anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, can decimate all its fruits in the field. Chemical control is the most commonly used measure of control, but, some active ingredients are proving ineffective, and consumers appreciate healthier options such as organic foods. Therefore, studies with natural substances that may help in the management of diseases have been encouraged. Because it is transmitted via seed, seed treatment becomes an essential measure in the management and control of pepper anthracnose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum), citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), copaiba (Copaifera langsdorfii), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora), mint (Mentha arvensis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oils on the development of C. gloeosporioides. Citronella, clove, eucalyptus, mint and basil essential oils totally inhibited the pathogen, regardless of the concentration used. These essential oils were then used to treat seeds infected with C. gloeosporioides, evaluating the physiological and health quality of these seeds. Clove essential oil reduced the incidence of fungi in seeds inoculated with the pathogen, without affecting their physiological quality.

scholarly journals Anti-Termitic Activity of Three Plant Extracts, Chlorpyrifos, and a Bioagent Compound (Protecto) against Termite Microcerotermes eugnathus Silvestri (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Egypt

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽  
Mona F. Ali ◽  
Maisa M. A. Mansour ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Esraa M. Abdel Moneim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
High Death ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Lavandula Latifolia

A trend towards environmentally friendly chemicals for use in termite management has been occurring globally. This study examined three naturally occurring plant extracts from Lavandula latifolia (Spike lavender), Origanum vulgare (Marjorum), and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) against the termite Microcerotermes eugnathus. Plant extract results were compared to two commercially used termite pesticides, the bio-insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Protecto 9.4% WP) and Dursban (Chlorpyrifos 48%). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify the main compounds in the three plant extracts. The main compounds in Lavandula Latifolia were linalool (21.49%), lavandulol (12.77%), β-terpinyl acetate (10.49%), and camphor (9.30%). Origanum vulgare extract contained thymol (14.64%), m-cymene (10.63%), linalool (6.75%), and terpinen-4-ol (6.92%) as main compounds. Syzygium aromaticum contained eugenol (99.16%) as the most abundant identified compound. The extract of O. vulgare caused the highest termite death rate, with an LC50 of 770.67 mg/L. Exposure to lavender extract showed a high death rate with an LC50 of 1086.39 mg/L. Clove extract did not show significant insecticidal activity with an LC50 > 2000 mg/L. Significant termiticide effects were found, with LC50 values of 84.09 and 269.98 mg/L for soldiers and workers under the application of Dursban and Protecto, respectively. The LC50 values reported for nymphs were <120, <164.5, and 627.87 mg/L after exposure to Dursban, Protecto, and O. vulgare extract, respectively. The results of the study show that some of the extracts have low toxicity compared to the bioagent and Dursban, and may show promise as natural termiticides, particularly as extracts from O. vulgare.

scholarly journals Application of Chitosan From Waste Gurami Fish Scales (Osphronemus goramy) and Clove Powder (Syzygium aromaticum) As Edible Coating on Chicken Meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213
Author(s):  
Inasabrilla Hendar Dahayu ◽  
Djalal Rosyidi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Significant Difference

Chicken meat is a nutritious food that can increase immunity but has perishable food properties that are easily damaged so it is necessary to add preservatives, namely chitosan as an edible coating to protect the meat from microbial contamination. Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) scales have the potential to be processed as chitosan. Through 3 stages, namely deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding chitosan with gourami fish scales and cloves as an edible coating on the quality of raw chicken meat at room temperature for 9 h. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (3×3), with factor A: concentration of chitosan solution (0%, 1%, and 2%) and factor B: concentration of clove solution (0%, 1%, and 2%) and repeated 3 times. The results showed that the control treatment without clove and chitosan after 9 h of storage at room temperature had a significant difference in effect on the treated samples. The best treatment was found in the interaction of 2% chitosan (K2) and 2% cloves (C2) with microbial contamination of 2×10 5 CFU/g so that it still meets the standards of the National Standardization Agency (BSN) namely, chicken meat has a maximum requirement of 1×106 CFU/g, which can maintain the quality of meat, both in terms of pH, water content, and acceptability of organoleptic values which are still favored by panelists.

ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY OF SOME INDIGENOUS PLANTS EXTRACT AGAINST RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF WET ROT DISEASE OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM)

1970 ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Tijjani Ahmadu ◽  
Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa ◽  
Jafar Sani Adam ◽  
Muhammad Abdulhadi ◽  
Mohammed Iliya
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
West African ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Plants Extract

Potato, (Solanum tuberosum (L.)) is a valuable stable food grown for its edible starchy tuber. This work was aimed to test the efficacy of indigenous plants extract for controlling wet rot disease of potato caused by Rhizopus stolonifer. The fungi was isolated from decaying bread and grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Ripe Ginger (Zingiber officinale) (rhizome), West African pepper (Piper guineense) flower, Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) seed were collected from Muda Lawal Market, Bauchi, Nigeria. The dried seed were grinded using blender to get ginger, clove and West African pepper powder. Radial mycelia growth of Rhizopus stolonifer varied significantly (p≤0.01) with the application of different plant extracts. Mycelia growth of Rhizopus stolonifer was found to be low in potatoes treated with West African pepper (0.26 cm) than those treated with ginger (0.32 cm) and clove (0.33 cm). However, as observed from the result, ginger and clove did not differ statistically in their effect on Rhizopus mycelia growth (in vitro) but showed a better effect than the control treatment (0.40 cm). Inhibition of the mycelia growth by the West African pepper seed extract is an indication that it is fungicidal.

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sustainable resources and their use as antibacterial agents: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Jyoti ◽  
Punyasloka Pattnaik ◽  
Tej Singh
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Low Toxicity

Background:: Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has attracted extensive vitality in numerous research areas such as drug delivery, biomedicine, catalysis etc. where continuous efforts are being made by scientists and engineers to investigate new dimensions for both technological and industrial advancements. Amongst numerous metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is a novel metal species with low toxicity, higher stability and significant chemical, physical and biological properties. Methods:: In this, various methods for the fabrication of AgNPs are summarized. Importantly, we concentrated on the role of reducing agents of different plants parts, various working conditions such as AgNO3 concentration; ratio of AgNO3/extract; incubation time; centrifugal conditions, size and shapes. Results:: This study suggested that eco-friendly and non toxic biomolecules present in the extracts (e.g. leaf, stem and root) of plants are used as reducing and capping agents for silver nanoparticles fabrication. This method of fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plants extracts is comparatively cost-effective and simple. A silver salt is simply reduced by biomolecules present in the extracts of these plants. In this review, we have emphasized the synthesis and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles using various plant extracts. Conclusion:: Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have advantage over the other physical methods, as it is safe, eco-friendly and simple to use. Plants have huge potential for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles of wide potential of applications with desired shape and size.

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