scholarly journals Facets of neuroticism and musculoskeletal symptoms. A study of middle-aged twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Vassend Vassend ◽  
Benedicte Humborstad Orvik ◽  
Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski ◽  
Espen Røysamb
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Medical Disorders

Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that both site-specific and more widespread musculoskeletal<br />(MS) conditions are linked to anxiety and depression symptoms. However, the nature of this relationship is<br />poorly understood, particularly in terms of underlying genetic and environmental influences. Furthermore, the<br />personality trait neuroticism has been shown to be related to common emotional symptoms and somatic<br />distress as well as to more serious psychiatric and medical disorders. In modern personality theory, the broad<br />neuroticism domain is conceptualized as consisting of a set of lower-order facets, such as anxiety, hostility,<br />and depression, which may be differentially related to various health outcome measures. So far, the role of<br />neuroticism facets as risk factors for MS conditions has not been explored in genetically informative designs.<br />In the current study, the relationship between MS symptoms and six neuroticism facets was investigated in<br />bivariate analyses and in regression models including sex, education level, and general health indices as<br />control variables. Using multivariate twin modeling, genetic and environmental influences on the phenotypes<br />and the associations among them were determined. The sample consisted of 746 monozygotic (MZ) and 770<br />dizygotic (DZ) twins in the age group of 50-65 (mean = 57.11 years, SD = 4.5). The results showed that a<br />single factor accounted for about 50% of the overall variance in MS symptom reporting. Two neuroticism<br />facets, N1: anxiety and N3: depression, appeared as significant in the regression analyses. Both these facets<br />and MS symptoms were strongly influenced by genetic factors [heritability (h2) = 0.46-0.54]. While there was<br />a considerable overlap in genetic risk factors between the three phenotypes, a large proportion (71%) of the<br />genetic variance in MS symptoms was unique to the phenotype, and not shared with the neuroticism facets.

scholarly journals Is there a link between glucose levels and heart failure? An update

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Schainberg ◽  
Antônio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr. ◽  
José Marcio Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cv Disease ◽  
The Relationship

It has been well documented that there is an increased prevalence of standard cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in association with diabetes and with diabetes-related abnormalities. Hyperglycemia, in particular, also plays an important role. Heart failure (HF) has become a frequent manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies suggest that the effect of hyperglycemia on HF risk is independent of other known risk factors. Analysis of datasets from populations including individuals with dysglycemia suggests the pathogenic role of hyperglycemia on left ventricular function and on the natural history of HF. Despite substantial epidemiological evidence of the relationship between diabetes and HF, data from available interventional trials assessing the effect of a glucose-lowering strategy on CV outcomes are limited. To provide some insight into these issues, we describe in this review the recent important data to understand the natural course of CV disease in diabetic individuals and the role of hyperglycemia at different times in the progression of HF.

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Identification of hippocampal volume as a mediator of the association between APOE4 and dementia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixtine Brenek ◽  
Stéphanie Debette ◽  
Sophie Auriacombe ◽  
Philippe Amouyel ◽  
Vincent Chouraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Mediation Analyses

AbstractObjectiveTo identify any mediating effect of vascular and neurodegenerative risk factors of dementia in the association existing between APOE4 and dementia.Methods1,240 participants from the French Three City Dijon Study without prevalent tumor or dementia were included. Among these participants, 76 developed dementia during the 12 years of follow-up. Using regression and mediation analyses, we studied whether known risk factors for dementia i.e smoking status, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, hippocampal volume, rate of hippocampal volume loss or white matter hyperintensities could mediate the association between APOE4 and dementia. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, education level (and total intracranial volume when imaging metrics were considered).ResultsHippocampal volume was a partial mediator of the association between APOE4 and dementia (mediation ratio = 6.7%, p=0.03). No mediation effect was found for hypercholesterolemia. No mediation analyses could be undertaken for the others factors due to the lack of their association with APOE4 in our sample.ConclusionsIn this study, the association between APOE4 and dementia was partially mediated by hippocampal volume, confirming a deleterious role of APOE4 in the hippocampus. This result warrants further replication in other cohorts, with higher sample sizes.

Genetic and environmental risk factors for the weight and shape concerns characteristic of bulimia nervosa

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. WADE ◽  
N. G. MARTIN ◽  
M. TIGGEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Concern ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Shape Concern

Background. This study seeks to identify the genetic and environmental risk factors for the overvalued ideas that are characteristic of bulimia nervosa, using a biometrical model fitting approach with twin data.Methods. The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), which can be used to gain continuous measures of dietary restraint, eating concern, weight concern and shape concern, was administered to 325 female twins, both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ). For each subscale, questions were asked concerning the month prior to interview and lifetime prevalence (‘ever’).Results. Model fitting indicated that there is a powerful role of the environment in shaping women's attitude towards weight, shape, eating and food, ranging from 38% to 100% of the variance. For all subscales, with the exception of weight concern, the best explanation for individual variation was one that incorporated additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences. In contrast, model fitting indicated that non-shared and shared environmental influences best explained the variance of weight concern.Conclusions. With the exception of the Shape Concern subscale, environmental factors make a greater contribution than genetic factors to the development of the overvalued ideas that are seen to be one of the triggers for the development of bulimia nervosa. Given this substantial role of the environment influences, it seems likely that environmental manipulation can be effective in the prevention of bulimia nervosa.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Shoulder Stiffness: Current Concepts

Joints ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cucchi ◽  
Antongiulio Marmotti ◽  
Silvana De Giorgi ◽  
Alberto Costa ◽  
Rocco D'Apolito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Shoulder Stiffness ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Postoperative Shoulder

AbstractShoulder stiffness is a condition of painful restriction of the glenohumeral range of motion. Numerous risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness have been described. This article summarizes the known aspects of the pathophysiology of shoulder stiffness, with special attention to elements of molecular biology and genetics, which could influence the risk of developing shoulder stiffness. Furthermore, the role of hormonal and metabolic factors, medical disorders, drugs, and of other published risk factors for primary and postoperative shoulder stiffness is reviewed and discussed. Finally, aspects related to shoulder surgery and postoperative rehabilitation protocols, which could influence the development of postoperative stiffness are presented.

scholarly journals Successful Aging and Longevity in Older Old Women: The Role of Depression and Cognition

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Paulson ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Bowen ◽  
Peter A. Lichtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Aging Theory ◽  
Free Women

Based in successful aging theory and terminal cognitive drop research, this paper investigates cerebrovascular burden (CVB), depressive symptoms, and cognitive decline as threats to longevity. A subsample of stroke-free women over the age of 80 was identified in the Health and Retirement Survey (years 2000–2008). Mortality at 2, 6, and 8 year intervals was predicted using CVB (diabetes, heart disease, hypertension), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and cognitive decline (decline of 1 standard deviation or more on the 35-point Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status over 2 years). At most waves (2002, 2004, and 2006) mortality was predicted by CVB, depressive symptoms, and cognitive drop measured 2 years prior. CVB and depressive symptoms at the 2000 wave predicted mortality at 6 and 8 years. Older women with the greatest longevity had low CVB, robust cognitive functioning, and few depression symptoms, supporting successful aging theory and terminal cognitive drop.

scholarly journals TMPRSS2 As an Influential Human Gene for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Abdollahi ◽  
Pantea Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Health System Efficiency ◽  
Almost All

: In December 2019, the new virus, COVID-19, emerged and led to a pandemic respiratory acute disease. Almost all countries have experienced different rates of morbidity and mortality. These differences can be attributed to factors such as a diagnostic test capacity for COVID-19 and the health system efficiency. Besides the differences between countries related to the COVID-19 management, different patients represent a diverse range of clinical symptoms, from outpatient to patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to the severity of symptoms. To gain deeper insights into such disparities in the severity of COVID-19 clinical presentations, epidemiological studies have reported risk factors such as old age, male sex, underlying chronic diseases such as diabetes, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, which have a bearing on susceptibility to COVID-19. In addition to these risk factors, the molecular mechanism involved in the virus entry process has been under investigation. Apart from a well-known protein called ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), which plays the receptor role for COVID-19, another essential protein in this pathway is TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease, serine 2). This protease has a crucial role in effective membrane integration between the virus and the target cell. This process can affect the severity of the infection and the mortality rate of the disease. Thus, it seems that understanding the role of TMPRSS2 in COVID-19 infection can help better management by designing TMPRSS2 inhibitors drugs. Given the variants of the TMPRSS2 gene, which are associated with the severity of symptoms, people exposed to severe forms of this disease can be identified before the deterioration of the disease to adopt appropriate therapeutic approaches. Therefore, this study focused on the different levels of the TMPRSS2 interactions with COVID-19 virus and disease severity.

scholarly journals Meaning in Life Mediates Between Emotional Deregulation and Eating Disorders Psychopathology: A Research From the Meaning-Making Model of Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose H. Marco ◽  
Montserrat Cañabate ◽  
Cristina Martinez ◽  
Rosa M. Baños ◽  
Verónica Guillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms

Emotional dysregulation, age, gender, and obesity are transdiagnostic risk factors for the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). Previous studies found that patients with ED had less meaning in life than the non-clinical population, and that meaning in life acted as a buffer in the course of ED; however, to the data, there are no studies about the mediator role of meaning in life in association between the emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology.Objective: To analyze the mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology in three samples with diverse risk factors for ED.Method: Sample 1, n = 153 undergraduate young women; sample 2, n = 122 participants with obesity; and sample 3, n = 292 participants with ED. Multiple mediation analysis was performed.Results: Sample 1: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology (direct effect β = 0.390, p &lt; 0.05) (indirect effect β = 0.227, p &lt; 0.05), body satisfaction (direct effect β = −0.017, p &lt; 0.05) (indirect effect β = −0.013, p &lt; 0.01), and depression symptoms (direct effect β = 1.112, p &lt; 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.414, p &lt; 0.001); sample 2: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and binge eating and purging behaviors (direct effect β = 0.194, p &lt; 0.01) (indirect effect β = 0.054, p &lt; 0.05) and depression symptoms (direct effect β = 0.357, p &lt; 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.063, p &lt; 0.05); sample 3: meaning in life showed a mediation effect between emotional dysregulation and the ED psychopathology (direct effect β = 0.884, p &lt; 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.252, p &lt; 0.007), body satisfaction (direct effect β = −0.033, p &lt; 0.05) (indirect effect β = −0.021, p &lt; 0.001), borderline symptoms (direct effect β = 0.040, p &lt; 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.025, p &lt; 0.001), and hopelessness (direct effect β = 0.211, p &lt; 0.001) (indirect effect β = 0.087, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: These studies suggest the importance of considering meaning in life as a variable in the onset and maintenance of ED.

scholarly journals Myocardial infarction risk in relation to zinc concentration in toenails

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Martin-Moreno ◽  
L. Gorgojo ◽  
R. A. Riemersma ◽  
J. Gomez-Aracen ◽  
J. D. Kark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Study Centre ◽  
First Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Control Study

Zn is an essential mineral. The role of Zn in atherosclerosis is not clear. Epidemiological studies, which have reported contradictory results, are limited by the use of serum Zn levels as a marker of intake. We assessed the association of toenail Zn, which integrates dietary Zn intake over 3 to 12 months, with the risk of a first myocardial infarction. Toenail Zn concentrations were determined by neutron activation analysis in the European multi-centre case–control study on antioxidants, myocardial infarction and breast cancer. This multi-centre case–control study included 684 cases and 724 controls from eight European countries and Israel. Toenail Zn levels of controls (adjusted for age and study centre) were positively associated with age, α-tocopherol and Se, but not with additional dietary variables or with classical risk factors for CHD. Average toenail Zn was 106·0 mg/kg in cases (95 % CI 103·1, 108·9) and 107·5 mg/kg in controls (95 % CI 104·5, 110·7). After controlling for cardiovascular risk factors and for centre, the adjusted odds ratios of myocardial infarction for quintiles 2–5 of toenail Zn with respect to the first quintile were 0·97 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·58), 1·15 (95 % CI 0·72, 1·85), 0·91 (95 % CI 0·56, 1·50), and 0·85 (95 % CI 0·52, 1·39). ThePfor trend was 0·45. In conclusion toenail Zn levels (reflecting long-term dietary intake) were not significantly associated with acute myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Do psychosocial factors mediate the appearance of musculoskeletal symptoms? Evidence of an empirical study about the role of mental workload in computer workers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252179
Author(s):  
María Soria-Oliver ◽  
Jorge S. López ◽  
Fermín Torrano ◽  
Guillermo García-González
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computer Workers ◽  
Usage Patterns

The emergence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs) in computer workers is a relevant occupational health problem. This study tests a multilevel model of analysis of risk factors in the appearance of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in computer workers that integrates indicators from different areas: temporal usage patterns, ergonomic factors, psychosocial factors, and individual variables, specifically testing the possible mediating role of the mental workload. A cross-sectional study was performed through online registration with a non-probabilistic sample of 1198 workers from Spanish organizations. The results show that mental workload has a higher association than the rest of the factors with the onset of pain and discomfort in various body areas: neck in men, neck, shoulders and upper back in women. They also support the mediation role of mental workload in the relationship between usage patterns and the appearance of musculoskeletal symptoms. The use of multilevel theoretical models that adequately consider the complexity of the relationships between the different risk factors is necessary for a better understanding and intervention on MSSs in computer workers.

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