Monocytosis in rational empirical antibacterial therapy in moderate forms of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3(5)) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
A.V. Kovalev ◽  
◽  
M.I. Shperling ◽  
A.S. Polyakov ◽  
Ya.А. Nоskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Empirical Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
The Absolute

Microbiologically confirmed bacterial co-infection occurs in 1.2%–7% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The study of rational approaches to empirical antibacterial therapy (ABT) of SARS-CoV-2 virus-induced pneumonia continues. Glucocorticoid (GCS) therapy, the main method for pathogenetic treatment of moderate forms of CОVID-19, can lead to the development of neutrophilic leukocytosis. The criterion for the differential diagnosis of leukocytosis could be determining the quantity of peripheral blood monocytes. Assessing the significance of identifying the monocyte quantity can serve as an additional criterion for assigning empirical ABT in the treatment of pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus infection. The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of glucocorticoid-induced leukocytosis in patients with moderate COVID-19. The study included 86 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (ICD codes: U07.1, U07.2) of moderate severity. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The comparison group consisted of 40 patients who were prescribed ABT after the manifestation of leukocytosis on the background of glucocorticoid therapy. The control group included 46 people who were not prescribed ABT after the manifestation of leukocytosis on the background of glucocorticoid therapy and until the end of their stay in the hospital. We compared the parameters of the clinical blood tests (the absolute number of white blood cells, neutrophils and monocytes (×109/L)) on days 3, 6 and 9 from the start of GCS therapy. As a result, on the 3rd day, both groups had neutrophilic leukocytosis (>9.0×109/L) and absolute monocytosis (>0.8×109/L). There was a statistically signif icant decrease in the absolute number of white blood cells, neutrophils and monocytes by days 6 and 9, compared with day 3 from the start of glucocorticoid therapy. When comparing blood parameters between the groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of cells on the 3rd, 6th and 9th day of GCS therapy (p>0.05). Glucocorticoid-induced leukocytosis is associated with absolute monocytosis. The administration of ABT in response to the occurrence of leukocytosis in this study did not affect the change in the level of white blood cells. At the same time, a likely factor in reducing these indicators was a decrease in the daily dosage of corticosteroids.

scholarly journals Detection of Benzo[a]Pyrene Diol Epoxide-DNA Adducts in White Blood Cells of Asphalt Plant Workers in Syria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razan Zohairee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Adducts ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Peripheral White Blood Cells

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), it can bind the DNA to produce DNA-adducts, which has major carcinogenic potential. Enzyme-linked immunosorbet assay (ELISA) is the method used to detect these DNA adducts of B[a] P diolepoxide (BPDE) within the living cells.The aim of this study is to evaluate exposure to bitumen fumes, and to B[a]P in asphalt plant workers by measuring the BPDE-DNA adducts in their peripheral white blood cells (WBC), which are considered biological markers for exposure risk assessment.In this study, Hemostatic blood (CBC, AST) were measured, and the levels of BPDE-DNA adducts were measured in DNA samples of WBC obtained from asphalt plant workers in Syria and compared to those measured from a control group. The measurement was performed using BPDE-DNA Adducts ELISA.kit. The sample size was determined to be 50 with 25 asphalt plant workers and 25 healthy volunteers with no occupational exposure to PAHs.The results showed some diseases associated with exposure to asphalt fumes among the workers in the study group and a statistically significant difference in the values of (CBC; WBC, leukocytes, HCT, MCHC and AST) between the study group and the control group. BPDE-DNA adducts were detected in WBC of 11 asphalt plant workers with concentrations ranging between 0 and 2.75 ng/ml and only one individual in the control group with concentration of 0.75 ng/ml. These results indicate significant positive relationship between exposure to the bitumen fumes and formation of BPDE-DNA adducts.BPDE-DNA adducts is potential biomarker for PAHs exposure and likely helpful indicator of PAH-induced DNA damage and possibly carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Relationship between dynamic changes in subpopulations of blood monocytes and the development of complications in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
T. V. Talayeva ◽  
O. M. Parkhomenko ◽  
I. V. Tretyak ◽  
O. V. Dovhan ◽  
O. V. Shumakov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Classical Monocytes ◽  
Intermediate Monocytes ◽  
Patrolling Monocytes

The aim – to determine the extent of different subpopulations of blood monocytes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation patients on day 1 and 7 and to evaluate the relationship between their content and the dynamics of changes and the risk of complications after AMI.Materials and methods. The composition of individual subpopulations of monocytes in the peripheral venous blood (and general clinical and biochemical blood tests) was evaluated in 50 pts with STEMI (who were admitted within 6 hours after the onset of the disease) at admission (before primary PCI) and on day 7. All patients received standard recommended therapy. Dynamic heart echocardiography was also performed on the 1st and 7th day. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the dynamical increase (1 group – 21 pts) or decrease (2 group – 29 pts) of classical monocytes (CD14hiCD16–) subpopulation during 7 days of follow-up. The control group included 15 healthy subjects with no signs of coronary heart disease and 23 pts with chronic coronary heart disease without AMI.Results and discussion. In subgroup 1, the percentage of the «classical» fraction of monocytes during the observation increased to 89.0±1.2 %, which was 4.2 % more than on the 1st day and 12.5 % more than in the control group (р<0.05), while the absolute amount of classic monocytes on day 7 increased by 48 % compared to initial value (р<0.01). The percentage of «intermediate» (CD14hiCD16+) blood monocytes in patients of this subgroup on the 1st day of hospitalization was 70 % higher than in the control group, and 42 % higher than in the 2nd subgroup of patients (р<0,001), however, on the 7th day it decreased by 30 % compared to baseline, although it remained by 8 % more than in the control group (the absolute number of «intermediate» monocytes did not change). The activation index (IA) of the «intermediate» monocytes on the first day did not differ between subgroups and was 40 % higher than in the control group (р<0.001). However, in the dynamics of observation, in patients of subgroup 1, this figure did not change, while in subgroup 2 IA decreased by 60 % (р<0.001). Despite the fact that the absolute number of anti-inflammatory («patrolling») (CD14+lowCD16++) monocytes did not change until the 7th day of observation (and their percentage decreased slightly), their IA was significantly lower than in the control group (95 %) and in patients of subgroup 2 (92 %, р<0,001). In patients of subgroup 2, the decrease of the percentage of «classic» monocytes was –7.7 % (from 90.4±0.8 to 83.4±1.2 %). Despite the fact that the number and percentage of intermediate monocytes increased in dynamics, their IA decreased almost 2 times, which may indicate a decrease in the pro-inflammatory ability these monocytes. The percentage and number of «patrolling» monocytes increased in dynamics by 37.4 % (р<0.0001) and by 268.3 % (р<0.01), respectively. IA of patrolling monocytes was almost 12 and 7 times higher than in patients of subgroup 1 on the 1st and 7th day of observation, respectively, which may indicate a significant activation of anti-inflammatory activity of patrolling monocytes. Intracardiac thrombosis was 3.3 times more common in patients of subgroup 1, in this subgroup was also more often noted (compared to the subgroup 2): dilatation of the left ventricle (almost 8 times), reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (4 times), and pathological post-infarction remodeling of the left ventricle (almost 7 times).Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the important role of different subpopulations of blood monocytes in the processes of myocardial damage and recovery (in particular, the pro-inflammatory role of increasing the number of classical monocytes and increasing the activity of intermediate monocytes, as well as the anti-inflammatory role of increasing the number, percentage and activity of patrolling monocytes) in patients with AMI and can be the basis for developing new approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of complications of this disease.

scholarly journals Effect of pregnancy on packed cell volume and total white blood cells count among Sudanese pregnant women attending antenatal care at Ribat University Hospital (Khartoum state)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Wafa Mubarak M. Ahmed ◽  
Abdurrahman Khalid ◽  
O. A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Values ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: During pregnancy the women undergo several structural and physiological changes almost in all body systems including the hematological profile. The main reported hematological change is the plasma expansion and haemodilution which affect the red blood cells(RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) count in addition to other hematological indices including packed cell volume (PCV). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of pregnancy on packed cell volume and white blood cells among Sudanese pregnant women and derive a formula for the normal values in pregnant women in relation to the packed cell volume.Methods: An analytical case control study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan 2017. The study included20 Sudanese pregnant women in the second and third trimesters attending the antenatal care at The National Ribat university hospital and 20 Sudanese non-pregnant women in the same age group as control. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data.5ml of venous blood was collected in a container containing EDTA. Complete blood count (CBC) was measured by using automated cell counter Sysmex.Results: There was statistically significant decrease in PCV value during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant control group with p values (0.00 and 0.04 respectively), and statistically significant increase in WBCs count during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant control group with p values (0.04 and 0.00 respectively). Also, a progressive increase in WBCs count with gestational age was demonstrated (second trimester 6.65×103/uL, third trimester 7.43×103/uL). The results showed mean WBCs of 7.79×103/uL, when compared to the estimated values the results showed no significant difference with the mean WBCs in 2ndand 3rdtrimesters (p value 0.06 and 0.39 respectively).Conclusions: During pregnancy there was statistically significant decrease in PCV values, statistically significant increase in WBCs count and by considering the haemodilution factor there was a higher increase in WBCs count.

The effect of lead exposure on tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin, total and differential white blood cells count, and serum levels of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and cytokines in guinea pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Farkhondeh ◽  
MH Boskabady ◽  
S Jalali ◽  
G Bayrami
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Pb Concentration

The effect of exposure to inhaled lead acetate in guinea pigs was evaluated. The present study comprised of five groups of guinea pigs including control (C), sensitized to ovalbumin (OA; S) and three groups exposed to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 M inhaled lead (Pb; n = 6 for each group). Tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and OA, total and differential white blood cells (WBCs) count in lung lavage, serum levels of cytokines (interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)), histamines, and immunoglobulin E (IgE), and Pb concentration in lung were measured. Tracheal responsiveness to methacholine, OA, total and differential WBC types as well as IL-4, IFN-γ, histamine, and IgE were significantly increased but IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly decreased in sensitized animals as well as those exposed to high Pb concentrations when compared with the control group (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In addition, there was not a significant difference in most measured values between animals exposed to high Pb concentration and group S. The Pb concentration in lung tissues of animals exposed to all three Pb concentrations was significantly higher than that of group C ( p < 0.001 for all cases).These results showed that inhaled lead acetate exposure can induce lung inflammatory changes similar to sensitized animals. Therefore, exposure to environmental Pb pollution may cause asthma-like changes.

Changes of Blood Leukocyte and Blood Glucose in Patients with Acute Craniocerebral Trauma and Nursing Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1670-1680
Author(s):  
Junyi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Craniocerebral Injury ◽  
Significant Difference

Acute craniocerebral injury is one of the most common injury types, and its mortality rate ranks first among all kinds of injuries. The changes of white blood cells and blood glucose play an important role in the treatment and nursing of patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes of white blood cells and blood glucose in patients with acute craniocerebral trauma and nursing effect. In this study, 65 patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of our hospital from January 2017 to September 2019 were selected as the research objects. After admission, appropriate nutritional treatment was given according to the condition of patients. Blood samples were collected on fasting in the morning of 2, 8 and 15 days after admission, while those in the control group were collected by fasting vein for detection of white blood cells, blood glucose, blood lipid, blood uric acid and other indicators. There was no significant difference in the number of neutrophils in each group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). After acute traumatic brain injury, the white blood cells and blood glucose of patients increased, and the more severe the degree of brain injury, the higher the white blood cell count and blood glucose. This study will contribute to the analysis of white blood cell and blood glucose changes and nursing care of patients with craniocerebral injury.

scholarly journals Influence of Omega-3 in Standardbred Horse: Haematological Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Monteverde ◽  
Fulvio Congiu ◽  
Irena Vazzana ◽  
Salvatore Dara ◽  
Sergio Guttadauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Athletic Horse ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation on some haematological parameters like red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hgb), haematocrit (Hct), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (Neu) and lymphocytes (Lym) that may have a direct effect on the performance of athletic horses. Ten regularly trained Standardbred horses (6 geldings and 4 females, 4-5 years old, mean body weight 500 ± 25 kg) were used for the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received an omega-3 dietary supplementation every day for 30 days. The control group received no supplementation. Every 10 days, horses took part in a 1660 metre harness race and blood samples were collected from each horse: one in the morning before race (pre) and one after race (post). The application of one-way analysis of variance for repeated mesures (ANOVA) showed a statistically significant difference due to the race in the two different groups. The results obtained in the present study show a discordant effect of supplementation with omega-3 on RBC, HCT and Hgb, while omega-3 supplementation has been shown to have a better effect on WBC, Neu and Lym, but further studies should be performed to better evaluate the benefits of these on the performance of the athletic horse.

Hematological condition of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. Abilov ◽  
A. Azhmyakov ◽  
I. Novgorodova ◽  
N. Bogolyubova
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Udmurt Republic

Purpose: to study hematological parameters of blood in bulls-producers of dairy breeds on the day of semen collection in the Udmurt Republic after a long winter period of operation, depending on the breeds, age and place of selection.Materials and methods. The work was performed at the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst on the basis of AO "Udmurtplem" of the Udmurt Republic in the period from 2020 to 2021 on dairy bulls (n=20) aged 15-69 months, including a purebred Holstein breed of domestic selection (n=6), a Holstein black-and-white breed of European selection (the Netherlands, n=6), a black-and-white breed with blood transfusion on Holsteins on at the level of 94-98% (n=8). The content of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, depending on age and breed, was studied on the ABC VET hematological analyzer on the day of taking the seed.Results. It was found that on average, in 20 bulls aged 15-69 months, the level of white blood cells was at the level of reference values of 8.8±0.25 x 109/l, red blood cells 10.3 x 1012/l, which is 50% more than the reference values. The concentration of hemoglobin is 128.0±2.92 g/l, hematocrit is on average 54.3%, with a norm of 24-46%. Breeding bulls at a reliable level, differing in age, showed that some animals had high indicators for red blood cells of 10.3±0.26 x 102, for hematocrit of 54.3% against 24-46% of reference values. Also, according to hematological indicators, there was a tendency to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in European-bred bulls.Conclusion. The study of the variability in hematological parameters depending on the selection showed that there is no significant difference in leukocytes and all indicators are at the level of reference values, and in erythrocytes more than 50% than the highest indicators. The highest hemoglobin values were at the level of 141-156 g/l instead of 128 g/l according to the highest reference values. Hematocrit also showed high max values in all groups in comparison with the reference values of 59-66% versus 46% in the norm. It is necessary when analyzing hematological blood parameters in addition to the average statistical indicators (M+m) also, monitor the variability (min-max) in order to obtain more objective information.

scholarly journals Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Teixeira ◽  
Danielle C. Dias ◽  
Guilherme C. Rocha ◽  
Antônio M. Antonucci ◽  
Fernanda M. França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Physiological Profile ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
American Bullfrog ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone).

scholarly journals Cytological analysis of the lung material of C57BL/6Y mice in the simulation of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Biomeditsina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3E) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
O. V. Alimkina ◽  
A. E. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

The work is devoted to the study of changes in the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage over time in the modeling of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice. ARDS was modeled by administering α-galactosylceramide and a mixture of lipopolysaccharide with a complete Freud’s adjuvant. After euthanasia, bronchoalveolar lavage was taken for analysis. On this basis, changes in the total number of white blood cells, the percentage of neutrophils and macrophages were assessed. It was found that the percentage of neutrophils in the ARDS group shows a statistically significant difference from that in the intact group, starting from 3 hours after modeling ARDS. Further, a statistically significant decrease in macrophages was observed. 

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

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