Role of total-totals stability index in forecasting of thunderstorm/non-thunderstorm days over Kolkata during pre-monsoon season

The thunderstorm activity over Kolkata during pre-monsoon months (March, April and May) has been studied using the radiosonde data of Kolkata (Dumdum). The objective of the study is to examine the utility of Total-Totals Index (TTI) in forecasting occurrence/non-occurrence of thunderstorm over Kolkata. The investigation reveals that Total-Totals Index can be preliminarily used as a predictor to differentiate thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. The probability of occurrence of thunderstorm is higher when Total-Totals Index value is higher. While the exact prediction of thunderstorm in all the cases, using the TTI alone, is obviously not possible as TTI alone does not describe the total atmospheric conditions. However, a significant forecast can be furnished by using a threshold value of Total-Totals Index.

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Role of warm ocean conditions and the MJO in the genesis and intensification of extremely severe cyclone Fani

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82680-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vineet Kumar Singh ◽

M. K. Roxy ◽

Medha Deshpande

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Ocean Surface ◽

Rapid Intensification ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Large Area ◽

Record Time ◽

Time Period

AbstractCyclone Fani, in April 2019, was the strongest pre-monsoon cyclone to form in the Bay of Bengal after 1994. It underwent rapid intensification and intensified quickly to an extremely severe cyclone. It maintained a wind speed of ≥ 51 m s−1 (≥ 100 knots) for a record time period of 36 h. The total lifespan of the cyclone was double than the climatological lifespan. Also, the duration of the cyclone in its extremely severe phase and the accumulated cyclone energy were significantly larger than the climatological records for the pre-monsoon season. In the current study, we investigate the ocean-atmospheric conditions that led to its genesis, rapid intensification and long lifespan. Our analysis shows that the Madden Julian Oscillation and anomalous high sea surface temperatures provided conducive dynamic and thermodynamic conditions for the genesis of cyclone Fani, despite forming very close to the equator where cyclogenesis is generally unlikely. Further, favourable ocean subsurface conditions and the presence of a warm core eddy in the region led to its rapid intensification to an extremely severe cyclone. A large area of warm ocean surface and subsurface temperatures aided the cyclone to maintain very high wind speed for a record time period. The vital role of the ocean surface and the subsurface in the genesis and the intensification highlights the need to efficiently incorporate ocean initial conditions (surface and sub-surface) and ocean–atmosphere coupling in the operational cyclone forecasting framework.

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LEAD Farmer Based F2F Extension Mode l: Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras and Technology Adoption Determinants for Enhancing Model’s Effectiveness

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v6i04.16904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (04) ◽

Author(s):

M S MEENA ◽

R B KALE ◽

S K SINGH ◽

A K SINGH

Keyword(s):

Technology Adoption ◽

Significant Role ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Government Support ◽

Front Line ◽

Farm Families ◽

Agricultural Technologies ◽

Extension System ◽

Index Value

A study was undertaken in collaboration with eight Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and five Learning and Experience based Advisor (LEAD) farmers were selected by each KVK, employing socio-metric technique. Hence, data were solicited from 40 LEAD farmers from eight districts who were trained by KVKs. Role of KVKs were determined based on their Index Value (IV). Study reveals that KVKs played an important role in skill development of LEAD farmers through organisation of need based and skill-oriented trainings (IV=62) followed by front-line demonstrations on location specific agricultural technologies at farmers’ fields (IV=59.42), and developing linkages between LEAD and fellow farmers (IV=58.33). Key determinants accountable for enhancing effectiveness of this model were enhanced technology adoption (IV=60.13) followed by enhanced agricultural production (IV=57.48) and productivity (IV=57.10). Study reveals that one LEAD farmer adopted 5 agricultural technologies from KVKs. Further, fellow farmers adopted 2 agricultural technologies from LEAD farmers. Hence, it was concluded that this approach may play a significant role in complementing Indian public extension system through reducing cost and coverage of more farm families. This model needs community as well as government support for sustainability and its scalability.

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Evidence for the role of organics in aerosol particle formation under atmospheric conditions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0911330107 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 107 (15) ◽

pp. 6646-6651 ◽

Cited By ~ 329

Author(s):

A. Metzger ◽

B. Verheggen ◽

J. Dommen ◽

J. Duplissy ◽

A. S. H. Prevot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerosol Particle ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Atmospheric Conditions

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The role of slow magnetostrophic waves in dipole formation in rapidly rotating dynamos

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15480 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aditya Varma ◽

Binod Sreenivasan

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Dipole Field ◽

Wave Frequency ◽

Alfven Wave ◽

Inertial Waves ◽

Axial Dipole ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Magnetic Field

<p>It is known that the columnar structures in rapidly rotating convection are affected by the magnetic field in ways that enhance their helicity. This may explain the dominance of the axial dipole in rotating dynamos. Dynamo simulations starting from a small seed magnetic field have shown that the growth of the field is accompanied by the excitation of convection in the energy-containing length scales. Here, this process is studied by examining axial wave motions in the growth phase of the dynamo for a wide range of thermal forcing. In the early stages of evolution where the field is weak, fast inertial waves weakly modified by the magnetic field are abundantly present. As the field strength(measured by the ratio of the Alfven wave to the inertial wave frequency) exceeds a threshold value, slow magnetostrophic waves are spontaneously generated. The excitation of the slow waves coincides with the generation of helicity through columnar motion, and is followed by the formation of the axial dipole from a chaotic, multipolar state. In strongly driven convection, the slow wave frequency is attenuated, causing weakening of the axial dipole intensity. Kinematic dynamo simulations at the same parameters, where only fast inertial waves are present, fail to produce the axial dipole field. The dipole field in planetary dynamos may thus be supported by the helicity from slow magnetostrophic waves.</p>

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Identification of excessive Russia's household debt burden

Moscow University Economics Bulletin ◽

10.38050/01300105202119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 189-207

Author(s):

Galina Gospodarchuk ◽

Ekaterina Suchkova

Keyword(s):

Financial Stability ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Stability Index ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Federal State ◽

Household Debt ◽

Calculation Algorithm ◽

Debt Burden ◽

Household Sector

Modern trends characterized by increasing Russian household debt against the stagnation of real income of the population demonstrate the importance of analytical tools within the regulator. It helps identify the level of debt burden in household sector and to develop an analytical toolkit that makes it possible to reveal debt burden. The paper uses the methods of statistic and graphical analysis as well as comparative and GAP-analysis. The empirical analysis is based on data of the Federal State Statics Service and Bank of Russia over a period of 1.01.2007–1.01.2019. The study develops the methodology to create an indicator for household sector debt burden both on macro- and micro-level. Based on the methodology, we develop a new financial stability index of household sector and its calculation algorithm. We offer the evaluation method of threshold value of this index and determine its quantitative value. The findings concerning debt burden level in Russia’s household sector drawn on the basis of this indicator confirm its suitability for using as an additional diagnostic tool of Russia’s financial stability.

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Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) Sequences in Rattus norvegicus Genome

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.34874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VI) ◽

pp. 1388-1390

Author(s):

Jyothi Kanagaraj

Keyword(s):

Phospholipase A2 ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Protein Sequences ◽

In Silico Analysis ◽

Stability Index ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Alpha Helices ◽

Aliphatic Index ◽

Index Value ◽

Silico Analysis

Phospholipase A2 is enzyme that hydrolyses phospholipids at sn-2 position. This class of enzymes are significant due to their ability to cleave membrane phospholipids and hence causing inflammation. The PLA2 enzymes present in Rattus norvegicus is extensively studied to predict its properties. The Protparam analysis was performed to predict the physical properties like number of amino acids, Theoretical pH, stability index value, aliphatic index value and GRAVY value. The SOPMA analysis predicted its structural properties like the number of alpha-helices and beta-strands. Hence the focus of the present study was to perform a preliminary in silico analysis to identify the PLA2 protein sequences in the genome of Rattus norvegicus.

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Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate induces defense response and develops tolerance against mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in Vigna mungo

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp18168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nibedita Chakraborty ◽

Jolly Basak

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Stability Index ◽

Protective Role ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Vigna Mungo ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Exogenous Application ◽

Ros Homeostasis

Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper is an economically important leguminous crop in south-east Asia. However, its production is severely affected by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). It is well established that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is effective in inducing resistance against pathogens in several plants. To assess the role of MeJA in developing MYMIV tolerance in V. mungo, we analysed time-dependent biochemical and molecular responses of MYMIV susceptible V. mungo after exogenous application of different MeJA concentrations, followed by MYMIV infection. Our analysis revealed that exogenous application of different concentrations of MeJA resulted in decreased levels of malondialdehyde with higher membrane stability index values in MYMIV susceptible V. mungo, suggesting the protective role of MeJA through restoring the membrane stability. Moreover, the level of expression of different antioxidative enzymes revealed that exogenous MeJA is also very effective in ROS homeostasis maintenance. Enhanced expressions of the defence marker genes lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the reduced expression of the MYMIV coat-protein encoding gene in all MeJA treated plants post MYMIV infection revealed that exogenous application of MeJA is effective for MYMIV tolerance in V. mungo. Our findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of MYMIV tolerance in Vigna induced by MeJA.

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The Role of Education in Human Development in Iraq for the Period 1980-2012

Journal of University of Human Development ◽

10.21928/juhd.v2n2y2016.pp251-276 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

Sabah Faihan Mahmood ◽

Yassen Taha Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Development Index ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Index Value ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shed Light

Human Development aims to enlarge choices in front of people by improving the level of health, education, and income; this means that this process will upgrade both the economic and social development.In other words, human development aimes to raise the average of age and this requires the advancement of the health aspect, raise the level of knowledge and this requires the advancement of the educational aspect of all kinds., and raise the standard of living, and this requires the advancement of the economic aspect by providing the necessary jobs and promote economic activities. The study focus on the relationship between education and human development which has great importance as a mean to determine the impact of education on human development. The research seeks to achieve a set of objectives, including: Review the concept of human development and its basic elements, shed light on the reality of development in Iraq and follow the path of its development, and find out the role of education in influencing human development through the changes taking place in it and its impact on increase or decrease human development index during the period of the research. The research found set of results, the most important were the important effect of the education index on the level of human development index represented by HDI. Iraq had a good educational system in the eighties and nineties, reaching good education index value for the year (1990) which was (0.890), making the human development index in Iraq in the highest level and the value of the Human Development Index (0.759) in the first report issued by the United Nations in the year (1990). when the education index fall back there was negatively impact on the value of human development index in Iraq Directory, so when the education index value became (0.721) , the value of the Human Development Index was (0.590) in the year 2011 . This means that the value of the human development index decrease in recent years, although of improvement in the level of health, and the average per capita GDP in Iraq, and this illustrates the significant role of education on the human development process.

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Soil Moisture-Boundary Layer Feedbacks on the Loess Plateau in China Using Radiosonde Data with 1-D Atmospheric Boundary Layer Model

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12121619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1619

Author(s):

Yingsai Ma ◽

Xianhong Meng ◽

Yinhuan Ao ◽

Ye Yu ◽

Guangwei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Atmospheric Stability ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Radiosonde Data ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

The Impact

The Loess Plateau is one land-atmosphere coupling hotspot. Soil moisture has an influence on atmospheric boundary layer development under specific early-morning atmospheric thermodynamic structures. This paper investigates the sensitivity of atmospheric convection to soil moisture conditions over the Loess Plateau in China by using the convective triggering potential (CTP)—humidity index (HIlow) framework. The CTP indicates atmospheric stability and the HIlow indicates atmospheric humidity in the low-level atmosphere. By comparing the model outcomes with the observations, the one-dimensional model achieves realistic daily behavior of the radiation and surface heat fluxes and the mixed layer properties with appropriate modifications. New CTP-HIlow thresholds for soil moisture-atmosphere feedbacks are found in the Loess Plateau area. By applying the new thresholds with long-time scales sounding data, we conclude that negative feedback is dominant in the north and west portion of the Loess Plateau; positive feedback is predominant in the south and east portion. In general, this framework has predictive significance for the impact of soil moisture on precipitation. By using this new CTP-HIlow framework, we can determine under what atmospheric conditions soil moisture can affect the triggering of precipitation and under what atmospheric conditions soil moisture has no influence on the triggering of precipitation.

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Interrelation among different instability indices of the troposphere over Dhaka associated with thunderstorms/nor'westers over Bangladesh during the pre-monsoon season

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v58i3.1331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 361-368

Author(s):

SAMARENDRA KARMAKAR ◽

MD. MAHBUB ALAM

Keyword(s):

Monsoon Season ◽

Stability Index ◽

Dew Point ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Regression Equations ◽

K Index ◽

Total Index ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Almost All ◽

Instability Indices

Attempts have been made to correlate different instability indices among themselves statistically. The study reveals that the Showalter Stability Index (SI) has moderate to good correlations with different instability indices except Dew-point Index (DPI), Vertical Total Index (VT), Modified Vertical Total Index (MVT) and Modified K-Index (MK). Most of the correlations co-efficient are found to be significant up to 99% level of significance except Dry Instability Index (DII), which has correlation with SI up to 95% level of significance. Lifted Index (LI) has moderate to good correlation with different instability indices except DII, K-Index (KI) and MVT. Most of the correlations co-efficient are significant up to 99% level of significance except VT, SWEAT Index (SWI) and MKI, which have correlation with LI up to 95% level of significance. Unmodified instability indices have moderate to strong correlation with the corresponding modified instability indices, having 99% level of significance. The correlation co-efficient of VT and MVT, SWI and Modified SWEAT Index (MSWI), and KI and MKI are comparatively large. Standard errors of estimate are small in almost all the cases except a few. The regression equations obtained are likely to be helpful in the computation of different instability indices.

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