scholarly journals Eye temperature, an indicator for stress levels in young buffalo bulls – A case study of micro-environment modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
KOTRESH PRASAD CHIKKAGOUDARA ◽  
PAWAN SINGH ◽  
DEEPANDITA BARMAN ◽  
CAROLINA POTSHANGBAM ◽  
NINAD BHATT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Rubber Mat ◽  
Mist Cooling ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Eye Temperature

The present study was undertaken with an objective to determine diurnal changes of the eye temperature of buffalo young bulls under different shelter management to determine the effect of heat stress. Twenty four buffalo bulls were randomly divided into two groups, each group comprising of 12 animals based on age (16–18 months) and body weight (Control = 301 ± 8.24 kg and Treatment = 311.45 ± 6.24 kg). The control group was housed under normal management practices followed, and the height of the shed was 10 ft. and width was 12 ft. with concrete floor. Whereas, the treatment group was housed in shed having 15 ft. height and 25 ft. width along with rubber mat as flooring and the total area provided for each animal in both the groups was 45.96 sq. feet. They were also provided with dairy fans and mist cooling in day time to ameliorate the heat stress. The thermal humidity index (THI), floor and roof temperature variation of the shed was recorded. The eye temperature of bulls was measured to evaluate the effect of different housing on the animals’ thermal status under hot dry summer conditions.Results revealed that the THI of treatment shed was significantly (P< 0.01) lower than the control at different times. The floor and roof surface temperature of the treatment shed was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control shed. Diurnal patterns of eye temperature measured in both the groups showed increased eye temperature in control group bulls compared to treatment group. The eye temperature at 7.00 hrs was similar in both groups, whereas it was highly significant (P<0.01) at 13.00 and 19.00 hrs. The heat stress in the buffalo bulls was exhibited by increased eye temperature. Thus, the variation in the eye temperature can be effectively used as an indicator of heat stress and the dairy fans and mist cooling along with rubber mat flooring can be utilized to ameliorate the heat stress in the buffalo bulls.

scholarly journals Chronic heat stress regulates the relation between heat shock protein and immunity in broiler small intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Hasan Siddiqui ◽  
Darae Kang ◽  
Jinryong Park ◽  
Mousumee Khan ◽  
Kwanseob Shim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Chronic heat stress is considered to decrease the immune functions which makes negative effect on broiler growth performance. Here, we investigated the relationship between chronic heat stress, growth performance, and immunity in the small intestine of broilers. The study included two groups (control and heat stressed group) with eight replications per group. Ten broilers of 20-day aged were allocated in each replication. On day 35, the treatment group was subdivided into two groups based on their body weights (heavy and low body weight). Although, there was only the control and treatment group on day 28. The growth performance decreased and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP60, and HSP47 increased on days 28 and 35 in the chronic heat stress group as compared with those in the control group. The expression levels of HSPs were significantly higher in the low body weight group than in the control group. The genes HSP70 and HSP60 were significantly associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine of the broilers of the treatment group. Thus, HSP70 and HSP60 activated the adaptive immunity in the small intestines of the broilers from the treatment group to allow adaptation to chronic heat stress environment.

Vitamin E Protection of the Liver from Paracetamol in the Rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Walker ◽  
J. Kelleher ◽  
M. F. Dixon ◽  
M. S. Losowsky
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Very High

1. Control, vitamin E-deficient, vitamin E-supplemented (deficient with added ‘normal’ intake) and vitamin E-treated rats were given paracetamol at a dose of 25.5 mmol (4 g)/kg body weight. Control rats were also given paracetamol with or without simultaneous vitamin E. 2. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities increased to very high values (mean 2842 and 1241 i.u./l respectively) in the control group, and even higher (mean 8220 and 2320 i.u./l respectively) in the vitamin E-deficient group. 3. In the vitamin E-supplemented group the rises in activity were similar but rather less than in the control group (mean 2417 and 815 i.u./l) and in the vitamin E-treated group only very small rises (mean 177 and 98 i.u./l) were seen. 4. Histological evidence of hepatic necrosis correlated closely with plasma enzyme activities. 5. It appears that paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis is potentiated in vitamin E deficiency and reduced by prior treatment with α-tocopherol. 6. Vitamin E administered simultaneously with paracetamol at 12.8 or 19.2 mmol/kg also greatly reduced the expected rise in serum enzyme activities. 7. These observations may shed some light on the mechanism of paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis, and may form a basis for preventing or reducing this lesion in man.

scholarly journals Enoxaparin Prevents Steroid-Related Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Beckmann ◽  
Hayfaa Shaheen ◽  
Nisreen Kweider ◽  
Alireza Ghassemi ◽  
Athanassios Fragoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is still a challenging problem in orthopedic surgery. It is responsible for 10% of the 500,000 hip replacement surgeries in the USA and affects relatively young, active patients in particular. Main reasons for nontraumatic osteonecrosis are glucocorticoid use, alcoholism, thrombophilia, and hypofibrinolysis (Glueck et al., 1997; Orth and Anagnostakos, 2013). One pathomechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis is thought to be impaired blood flow to the femoral head caused by increased thrombus formation and vasoconstriction. To investigate the preventive effect of enoxaparin on steroid-related osteonecrosis, we used male New Zealand white rabbits. Osteonecrosis was induced by methylprednisolone-injection (1×20 mg/kg body weight). Control animals were treated with phosphate-buffered saline. Treatment consisted of an injection of 11.7 mg/kg body weight of enoxaparin per day (Clexane) in addition to methylprednisolone. Four weeks after methylprednisolone-injection the animals were sacrificed. Histology (hematoxylin-eosin and Ladewig staining) was performed, and empty lacunae and histological signs of osteonecrosis were quantified. Histomorphometry revealed a significant increase in empty lacunae and necrotic changed osteocytes in glucocorticoid-treated animals as compared with the glucocorticoid- and Clexane-treated animals and with the control group. No significant difference was detected between the glucocorticoid and Clexane group and the control group. This finding suggests that cotreatment with enoxaparin has the potential to prevent steroid-associated osteonecrosis.Corrigendum to “Enoxaparin Prevents Steroid-Related Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head”

scholarly journals Experimental and Pathological study of renal toxicity by food salt in broilers

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
H. T. Al-Kaabe ◽  
Ena'am B. Falih ◽  
H. M. Al-Hyali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Group Control Group ◽  
Macroscopic Examination

A Forty-broiler chick one-day-old divided randomly & equally into two groups of twenty each. The First group was give drinking water contain 0.5% food salt. The Second group (control group) receiving normal drinking water. The experimental study from one day for 35 day.  Clinically chicks receiving salted water showed server thirst, watery diarrhoea, loss of appetite with loss of body weight. Control group was clinically normal. At the end of the 35-day experimental study birds were sacrificed by severance of the head Macroscopic examination, changes were restricted to the kidneys. They were pale in colour, reduced in size with granules palpated kidney superficial surface.  Histopathological examinations of the kidneys there were evidence of glomerular seclerosis in some glomeruli, other appeared atrophied. Also there was evidence of thickened hypertrophic media of renal arteries & arterioles.

Effect of propylene glycol on fertility of postpartum dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilla Yildiz ◽  
Zeki Erisir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Seasonal Heat

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a daily oral drench of Propylene Glycol (PG) on fertility in dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress. In treatment group, cows (n=9) were treated with drenching 250 ml propylene glycol once daily from 3 to 15 days post-partum following the morning milking. Another group of cows (n=9) was selected as untreated control. The serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were used as indicators of energy status of the cows. Days to onset of luteal activity, calving to first service interval and pregnancy rate to first service were used to evaluate the reproductive performance. There was no difference in onset of luteal activity postpartum between the treatment and control groups. But the cows in the treatment group tended to have shorter intervals from calving to first insemination compared with cows in control group. The pregnancy rate to first service for cows treated with PG was 2.50 times greater compared with cows in control group. The energy balance was less negative for treatment group compared with control cows. In conclusion, although, drenching with 250 mL of PG per day from 3 to 15 days after calving did not improve the onset of luteal activity postpartum, treated cows tended to have shorter intervals from calving until first service. Propylene glycol administration would improve the negative energy balance status as observed by serum BHBA concentration, which might be an advantage to increase pregnancy rate at first AI in dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress.

scholarly journals Alpha lipoic acid improves heat stress-induced reduction of serum oestradiol and progesterone levels by affecting oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Yongjie Xiong ◽  
Qirun Yin ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Shaojun He
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a natural lipophilic compound, plays an important role in regulating several metabolic pathways due to its antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate whether ALA could be used as a feed additive to enhance the antioxidant capacity of the ovary tissue in hens exposed to heat stress (HS). One hundred and sixty 128-days-old female chickens were randomly assigned into four groups: the control group (Con), ALA treatment group (ALA), ALA and HS treatment group (ALA + HS), and HS treatment group (HS). The ALA and ALA + HS groups were fed a basal diet with 0.25% ALA, whereas the Con and HS groups were fed a basal diet only. Serum oestradiol, progesterone levels, biomarkers of antioxidant capacity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were detected in the ovaries of heat-stressed chickens. HS decreased serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations compared with the control group, whereas dietary ALA (0.25%) increased oestradiol and progesterone levels in the serum of heat-stressed hens. Malondialdehyde concentration in the ovary was higher in the HS group than that of the ALA + HS group. Compared with the HS group, ALA increased the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the ovaries of ALA + HS group. Simultaneously, ALA enhanced the total antioxidative capacity of the ovaries of heat-stressed hens. Moreover, ALA also significantly inhibited the increased expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, which are two markers of ER stress, and heat shock protein 70, a key biomarker of heat stress, in the ovaries of the ALA + HS group as compared to those of the HS group. This work implied that dietary ALA supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity and attenuated the HS-induced reduction of serum oestradiol and progesterone levels and modulated the oxidative and ER stress, which are involved in the protective effect of ALA in hens exposed to hyperthermia.

scholarly journals Public awareness of the arterial hypertension preventive measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
A A Agaev
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Doctor Visits ◽  
Body Weight Control

Aim. To explore the public opinion on provided information load about arterial hypertension preventive measures. Methods. Prospective study including adult population of Baku city was performed. Modified international questionnaire SF-36 (the Azerbaijan version) was administered to the study subjects, 2584 completed questionnaires were received. Subject were distributed to 3 groups. All subjects were additionally provided questionnaires studying public need for the medical information on arterial hypertension. Of all study subjects, 374 subjects of the 1st group, 212 of the 2nd group and 632 of the 3rd group responded back. Results. Public awareness of the arterial hypertension was overall assessed as unsatisfactory. Even in subjects with controlled arterial hypertension, despite constant doctor visits and undergoing treatment, only 18.4±2.0% of questioned showed reported knowledge, and 12.6±1.7% were under-informed. Level of knowledge of the majority of questioned subject was assessed as moderate - 37.7±2.5%, and sufficient - 31.3±2.4% of subjects. Situation was even worse in subjects with uncontrolled arterial hypertension and in control group, where 30.7±3.2 and 36.9±1.9% of subjects, respectively, were under-informed, and 18.9±2.7 и 21.4±1.6% were completely not informed about arterial hypertension. Priority sources of medical information were doctors, followed by television and environment. At the same time, information got from doctors was described by the subjects as scarce, matter of common knowledge, non-specific. Meanwhile, the need for the risk factors and ways of their control was high. The main part of the questioned subjects were motivated in terms of the blood pressure, blood glucose level, body weight control, proper nutrition and physical exercise, smoking cessation and low alcohol consumption. Conclusion. Public awareness of the medical care and disease prevention, including arterial hypertension, is insufficient. Active informing targeted to public preventive behavior correction is required.

Plasma lipid and haematological profile during transition period inMurrah buffaloes supplemented with prilled fat

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Sharma ◽  
Mahendra Singh ◽  
A. K. Roy ◽  
H. M. Ajitha Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Haematological Profile

Fourteen apparently healthy advanced pregnant Murrah buffaloes at 35 day prepartum were either maintained as per routine management practices (control group) or fed prilled fat (treatment group) @100g/d during the prepartum and @ 150g/d for a period of 95 days during the postpartum period. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals during different periods i.e. prepartum, day of parturition and postpartum by day 35 and thereafter at fortnightly intervals till day 120 of lactation. Haematological parameters, plasma glucose and lipid profile were analyzed by standard method of analysis. Red blood cell (RBC) number declined on the day of parturition and increased after the parturition (P<0.01) in both the groups, however RBC count varied non - significantly between the groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) level was significantly more before parturition (P< 0.05) and was low on the day of parturition. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) in the treatment group was higher (P<0.01) on day of parturition in comparison to before and after parturition. Total leukocyte count (TLC) (P<0.01) varied significantly before, during and after parturition. However, between group changes were non-significant (P>0.05). Plasma glucose increased in the treatment group (P<0.01) over the control group. Plasma cholesterol and HDL were increased in treatment group (P<0.05) as compared to control group. However, triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels varied non-significantly (P>0.05) between the groups. It was concluded that supplementation of prilled fat did not influence haematological parameters; however treated buffaloes had higher blood glucose, HDL and cholesterol levels.

Heat stress amelioration measures in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes: Effect on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk production and economics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Sundar Das ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Ghansham Singh ◽  
Raman Malik ◽  
Parminder Singh Oberoi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weights

The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of heat stress amelioration on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk yield and economics in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes during hot-dry (HD; April to Mid June) and hot-humid (HH; Mid June to August) seasons under tropical climate. Forty two Nili-Ravi lactating buffaloes were uniformly divided into two groups of twenty one in each considering their lactation number, stage of lactation, body weight, dam’s milk yield and milk yield in current lactation. The control (T0) group buffaloes were kept in separate shed without any nutrient supplementation and modification in microclimate and management. The treatment (T1) group was supplemented with niacin, yeast, edible oil in feed and provided curtains and mist fans in the shed, and altered feeding time, frequency and type of ration. The overall mean body weights in control and treatment group buffaloes were noted to be 517.4 kg and 523.4 kg, respectively. Under HD and HH seasons, mean body weights at different fortnights in treatment group buffaloes were 515.6 kg and 531.1 kg, respectively. In control group, the respective values were 512 kg and 522.7 kg. Although the body weights were higher in treatment than control group, there were no statistically significant differences between two experimental groups. The overall mean daily total dry matter intake (TDMI), dry matter intake through concentrate (CDMI), dry matter intake through dry fodder (DFDMI) and dry matter intake through green fodder (GFDMI) were noted to be 13.04, 4.21, 1.02, 7.92, 14.13, 4.24, 1.17 and 8.65 kg in control and treatment group buffaloes, respectively. Under both seasons, treatment group buffaloes consumed more dry matter than control group throughout the experimental period. The values were also differed significantly (ranged from P<0.05 to P<0.0001) between two groups. The overall mean values of fortnightly total milk production were 103.2 kg in control group and 121.5 kg in treatment group. Throughout the period, treatment group buffaloes produced more milk than control. Milk production was also significantly (P<0.0001) differed between control and treatment groups under two seasons. The daily average additional input cost per buffalo was maximum 22/- and additional income per buffalo was minimum 35/-. Therefore, the net profit was around 13/- per buffalo per day. The input: output ratio was calculated to be 1:1.59. It can be concluded that the use of such types of housing, nutritional and management interventions in the form of one package not only helps to maintain body weight but also increases dry matter intake and favours economic milk production in lactating buffaloes through reducing heat stress during hot-dry and hot-humid seasons in tropical climate.

scholarly journals Mitigating heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free-stall barn by sprinkler systems coupled with forced ventilation

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro D'Emilio ◽  
Simona M.C. Porto ◽  
Giovanni Cascone ◽  
Marco Bella ◽  
Marco Gulino
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Cooling Systems

This paper presents the results of a research study which had the objective of investigating the effect of a sprinkler system coupled with forced ventilation on the heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free stall barn without paddock. To this aim, an experiment was carried out inside a free-stall dairy house equipped with two different cooling systems: a fogging system associated with forced ventilation in the resting area and a sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation in the feeding alley. The experiment regarded two adjacent pens of the barn and was constituted by three different trials carried out in the following periods: 27th June – 7th July (P1), 25th July – 4th August (P2), 24th August – 3rd September (P3). The experimental protocol of each trial required that the treatment group was housed in one pen where the two cooling systems were always activated following an established timetable, whereas the control group was housed in the other pen, where the sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation was always deactivated. Climatic parameters were measured inside each pen of the barn and outside. Then, thermal humidity index (THI) was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate of a sample of dairy cows were monitored each day during the three periods considered (P1, P2 and P3). During the three trials the cows of both groups were subjected to climatic conditions that resulted in average daily THI values between 72.8 and 74.7, corresponding to mild or moderate heat stress. However, during daytime, air temperature and relative humidity reached values corresponding to a severe heat stress, as attested by the maximum THI values that were higher than or very close to 80. Furthermore, it was observed that the sprinklers do not influence the microclimatic conditions. However, the physiological parameters values of the treatment group were always significantly lower than the corresponding ones of the control group. Specifically, the system especially influenced the respiration rate that, in the treatment group, was close to 50 breath/min, while in the control group it reached 70 breath/min. The sprinkler system had more limited effects on rectal temperature that, however, in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group (38.7°C to 38.8°C vs 39.1°C 39.4°C) in all the three periods of the experiment. These results show that the sprinkler system could be useful to mitigate heat stress in dairy cows.

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