scholarly journals Morpho-molecular Characterization of Maize Inbred Lines Accelerating Parental Selection for Hybridization

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-452
Author(s):  
M A Madobe ◽  
M S Raihan ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
M S Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
K Value ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Selection Of

Characterization of genetic diversity is the foundation step for crop improvement, which provides a basis for analyzing combining ability and heterosis of inbred genotypes during a hybridization program. An investigation was carried out at the field laboratory of the Genetics and Plant Breeding department in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, to elucidate the genetic architecture by evaluating 12 morphological and 4 molecular (SSR) markers within 52 diverse S1 genotypes, and to assess the relationship of molecular and morphological GD. An almost equal amount of PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance for the traits cob weight (gm), NKPC, and NKPR lead to the selection of promising genotypes based on these characters. Correlation coefficient and scatter plot matrix established a positive and strong relationship of KL (mm), KW (mm), and KT (mm) with 100 kernel weight (gm) suggesting the importance of kernel morphology. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed the highest inter-cluster distance between I and II. The percentages of molecular variance within the population and among the population were 76% and 14 %, respectively. The optimum K-value was 5. Heatmap relying on molecular GD exposed MMIL-28, MMIL-54, and MMIL-96 as the most diverse lines. SHE analysis hypothesized the increase of richness and diversity over time. Less correlation between the divergence generated from morphological traits and molecular markers suggested that the morphological variation may be determined by environmental factors and also by genetic factors. A strategy for the effective selection of predicting parental lines for a future hybridization program was developed.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and characterization of different linseed genotypes (Linum usitatissimum L.) for agro-morphological traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 754-762
Author(s):  
Satish Paul ◽  
Nimit Kumar ◽  
Pankaj Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Apparent Variation

Forty five linseed genotypes (local collection) were subjected to study the genetic variability at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh KrishiVishvavidyalaya, Palampur, during rabi 2015-2016. Analysis of variance revealed that the differences among all the genotypes were significant for all the traits. Mean performance of genotype KLSA-15 for seed yield recorded highest contribution of 3.69 grams. The PCV values were greater than the GCV values for all the traits studied indicating that the apparent variation is not only due to genotypes but, also due to the influence of environment. The highest PCV (64.17) and GCV (64.09) were found for biological yield per plant. Higher estimates of PCV and GCV were obtained for primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, capsules per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index (45.94 and 44.60) and seed yield per plant (52.39 and 50.94). All the characters studied in the present investigation expressed high heritability estimates ranging from 62.95 to 99.77 percent for technical height and biological yield per plant respectively. It was revealed that most of the traits under study showed low genetic advance, high heritability (94.23) and high genetic advance (31.06) was recorded for harvest index indicating predominance of additive gene action for this character. Simple selection based on phenotypic performance of this character would be more effective. The cluster analysis showed that the genotypes were placed into four clusters, showing inter-cluster divergence, which is important for future hybridization programme.

Genetics of sleep–wake disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1148-1155
Author(s):  
Diego R. Mazzotti ◽  
Allan I. Pack ◽  
Philip R. Gehrman
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Wake Disorders ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
High Heritability

Sleep disorders and related traits have important genetic components. The characterization of genetic factors explaining the variability of sleep disorders is extremely relevant to understand their biological basis. Most of the sleep-related traits investigated so far show moderate to high heritability, and linkage and association studies have identified a number of potential genetic regions for narcolepsy, circadian rhythm disorders, and restless legs syndrome, as well as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea. Although it is still considered an emerging field, substantial progress have been made so far. Nevertheless, there is a lack of functional studies confirming the role of the identified genes and variants in the aetiology of sleep disorders. Given the strong relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders, characterization of genetic factors that affect sleep can be useful to understand the pathophysiology of mental disorders.

Genetic divergence, variability and correlation studies in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Priya . ◽  
M. Arumugam Pillai ◽  
D. Shoba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection Of

A field experiment was conducted to estimate genetic divergence, variability and correlation in 104 black gram genotypes for nine quantitative characters. Genetic diversity using Mahalanobis D2 technique was studied for yield and yield contributing traits. Out of eight clusters, high inter cluster distance was recorded between clusters VI and VIII. Cluster V had low mean value for days to 50% flowering and cluster VII had high mean value for plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of seeds per plant. The genotypes present in these clusters could be utilized for hybridization programmes. High heritability coupled with GAM was observed for plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and single plant yield. From the association analysis, single plant yield had positive and significant association with plant height and number of primary branches per plant. Hence, simultaneous selection of the above traits would be more rewarding to bring genetic improvement in black gram breeding programmes.

Multivariate Diversity Analysis of Quantitative Traits of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekle Yoseph ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Berhanu Amsalu ◽  
Zerihun Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Mung bean is an important pulse crop grown by poor farmers in marginal and drought-prone areas of Ethiopia. Information on the extent of genetic divergence in mung bean is vital to identify diverse genotypes for crop improvement and the efficient utilization of the existing genetic resources. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to assess the extent and pattern of morphological diversity among the mung bean genotypes and to identify the traits contributing to the genetic diversity using multivariate analyses. The experiment was conducted using 60 mung bean genotypes at Jinka Agricultural Research Center during the 2018 cropping season. The first seven principal components explained 80.1% of the total variation. Almost all the studied traits were important contributors to the divergence. The cluster analysis based on quantitative traits revealed four distinct groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and cluster IV (D 2  = 43.16 units). The minimum inter-cluster distance was noted between cluster III and cluster IV (D2 = 12.16 units). The maximum and minimum intra-cluster distances D2 were recorded within cluster I (D2 = 6.49 units) and cluster III (D2 = 3.53 units), respectively). The range of intra and inter-cluster distance was 3.53 to 6.49 units and 12.16 to 43.16 units, respectively. Hence, the high genetic distance exhibited within and among clusters has to be exploited through the crossing and selection of the most divergent parents for future mung bean breeding programs.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Applications of Transmission Electron Microscopy in the Characterization of Metal Machinability

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 442-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
A.B. Draper
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
State Physics ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Rotary Table ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Selection Of

The industrial characterization of the machinability of metals and alloys has always been a very arbitrarily defined property, subject to the selection of various reference or test materials; and the adoption of rather naive and misleading interpretations and standards. However, it seems reasonable to assume that with the present state of knowledge of materials properties, and the current theories of solid state physics, more basic guidelines for machinability characterization might be established on the basis of the residual machined microstructures. This approach was originally pursued by Draper; and our presentation here will simply reflect an exposition and extension of this research.The technique consists initially in the production of machined chips of a desired test material on a horizontal milling machine with the workpiece (specimen) mounted on a rotary table vice. A single cut of a specified depth is taken from the workpiece (0.25 in. wide) each at a new tool location.

Pengaruh Penghargaan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada CV. Dino Manunggal Karsa Bogor

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Dedy Mulyadi ◽  
Didik Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Relationship Of

The question of compensation in addition to sensitive to be driving someone to worl due to an effect on morale and discipline employees. Therefore , any  agency or any organization should be able to provide compensation equal to the workload  to create a workforce that efficient and effective manner can be realized. Amaore than that, the company’s goal to improve performance. Performance assessment is a subjective process that involves human judgments. Thus, performance assessment is very likely wrong and very easily influonced by sources that are not actual, so it must be taken into account and considered reasinable. Frformance appraisals are considered  to meet the target if it has a good impact on new employees who rated their performance. Simple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 12:00 data processing obtained tegression equation Y = 0,487 X 74 + with an explanation of X = award, 74 = constant, 0.487 = coefficient awards, and Y = performance based on simple linear regression equation in case of increase of one unit of the  performance award will be increased 0.487 units. If company policy negates the performance award will remain at a constant rate (74) units . (A) Test results obtained thitung significant constants of (12.574) > t table for (1.960 then reject Ho constanta significant meaning. (B) significant Test award coefficient t count the results obtained by (2.164)> t table foe (1.96) then reject Ho the mean coeffent of appreciation affect the performance . (C) correlation coefficient analysis is done by calculating the product moment corration (pearson)  to test  whether or not a strong  relationship between the variables X  dan Y , based on the results of cakculations with SPSS  table valuse obtained by calculating the  correlation coefficient r (0.3100> r on the table for a = 0,05 (0.291) then reject Ho, which means there is a relationship of respect for performance. When we enter these valuse in the table shows the interpretation of the correlation coefficient between the interval from 0.20 to 0.399 which has a low relationship

Цифровая морфометрия разнокачественности семян овощных культур

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Musaev ◽  
N.S. Priyatkin ◽  
M.V. Arkhipov ◽  
P.A. Shchukina ◽  
A.F. Bukharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Flatbed Scanner ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Computer Morphometry ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Matrix Heterogeneity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Selection Of

Приведено описание разработанной авторами методики цифровой компьютерной морфометрии семян овощных культур на основе системы анализа изображений, состоящей из планшетного сканера и программного обеспечения для автоматических измерений. В основу метода положено представление о разнокачественности семян, обусловленной генетической неоднородностью самих семенных растений, используемых в промышленном семеноводстве. Физические свойства семян (их форма и линейные размеры) – основные параметры при определении их качества. Цифровые изображения семян получены при помощи планшетного сканера HP Sсanjet 200 на базе Агрофизического НИИ с использованием серийного программного обеспечения «Argus-BIO», производства ООО «АргусСофт» (г. Санкт-Петербург). Метод состоит из подбора контрастной подложки (фона) для сканирования семян с минимальными теневыми эффектами, калибровку программного обеспечения для привязки к истинным размерным величинам, подбор параметров измерений и автоматическое распознавание цифровых сканированных изображений семян. Представлены экспериментальные данные по морфометрии экологически разнокачественных семян фасоли овощной, матрикально разнокачественных семян укропа, пастернака и лука Кристофа. Семена укропа и пастернака, собранные из разных порядков ветвления семенного растения, значительно различались по величине линейных параметров. Наиболее показательный линейный параметр семян – площадь проекции. Предложенная авторами методика цифровой морфометрии, уже использована на практике и в перспективе может быть задействована в исследованиях экологической и матрикальной разнокачественности семян овощных культур. Так, она прошла апробацию на разнокачественных семенах пяти сортов фасоли овощной (Настена, Магура, Миробела, Морена, Бажена) полученных в пяти контрастных эколого-географических условиях среды (Москва, Белгород, Ставрополь, Омск, Горки) в 2011–2012 годах. В дальнейшем методика может быть использована для улучшения качества цифровых изображений семян, изучения разнокачественности семян в том числе и для совершенствования контроля за селекционным процессом. Кроме того, она применима для изучения взаимосвязи совокупности морфометрических характеристик семян и их посевных качеств.The description of the method of digital computer morphometry of vegetable seeds developed by the authors on the basis of the image analysis system consisting of a flatbed scanner and software for automatic measurements is given. The method is based on the idea of seed quality, due to the genetic heterogeneity of the seed plants used in industrial seed production. Physical properties of seeds (their shape and linear dimensions) are the main parameters in determining their quality. Digital image of the seed obtained using the flatbed scanner, HP Sсanjet 200 on the basis of the Agrophysical research Institute with serial software “Argus-BIO”, produced by LLC “Argussoft” (Saint-Petersburg). The method consists of selection of a contrast substrate (background) for scanning seeds with minimal shadow effects, calibration of software for binding to true size values, selection of measurement parameters and automatic recognition of digital scanned images of seeds. Experimental data on the morphometry of ecologically different-quality seeds of vegetable beans, matrix seeds of dill, Pasternak and Christoph onion are presented. Seeds of dill and parsnip, collected from different orders of branching of the seed plant, significantly differed in size of linear parameters. The most revealing linear parameter seed – area projection. The method of digital morphometry proposed by the authors has already been used in practice and in the future can be used in studies of ecological and matrix heterogeneity of vegetable seeds. So, it was tested on different quality seeds of five varieties of vegetable beans (Nastena, Magura, Mirobelа, Morena, Bazhenf) obtained in five contrasting environmental and geographical conditions (Moscow, Belgorod, Stavropol, Omsk, Gorki) in 2011-2012. In the future, the technique can be used to improve the quality of digital images of seeds, study of seed diversity, including to improve the control of the breeding process. In addition, it is applicable to study the relationship of the set of morphometric characteristics of seeds and their sowing qualities.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

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