scholarly journals Design of Eucalyptus Oil Refining Destilator (Melaleuca Cajuputi)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Reinyelda D. Latuheru ◽  
Peter Sahupala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Distillation Apparatus ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Two Samples

The aim of this research is to design a distillation of eucalyptus oil and analyze the distillation rate on the yield of oil quality. This study uses an experimental method that directly makes a distillation apparatus, conducts experiments and observations to collect the necessary data, and then analyzes it with the Indonesian national quality standard, SNI 06-3954-2006. The design of the eucalyptus oil distillation apparatus is made in two major parts, namely the kettle as a distillation site and the condenser as a place for evaporation of steam into the water to obtain distillate which will then be separated to produce eucalyptus oil. The results showed that the highest average temperature measured on the surface of the boiler was 158°C, and the highest average temperature on the stove surface was 138°C. The average amount of water that is evaporated in the boiler is 19.0 liters in one distillation process. Distillation was carried out for 6 hours. Thus, the average water that can be evaporated in the boiler every hour is 4.0 liters/m². The amount of vaporized water is 4 liters of the total water in the kettle, as much as 19 liters; only 21.053% of the water is evaporated. The analysis results of these two samples show the quality of eucalyptus oil produced from the study. Namely, the color of the oil is clear/transparent, the odor produced is typical of eucalyptus oil, the specific gravity of the two samples is 0.9128 gr/ml, the refractive index is 0.4, and the oil yield is obtained. 1.2%. The temperature obtained is relatively tiny, namely, 203.8092 MJ, while the total energy needed to evaporate water is 11.2356127 MJ. It means that only 18.5% of energy can be generated in the distillation process in the boiler. The energy requirement of kerosene is 203,8092 MJ of the total need for kerosene used in the refining process of 5 liters. Still, it can be seen that the energy used to produce steam is only 11,2356127 MJ of the total available energy of 203,8092 MJ. A lot of energy is wasted because of the heat protection from the distillation apparatus, resulting in a resulting thermal efficiency of only 5.5%. 

scholarly journals Improvement of Clove Oil Quality by Using Adsorption-distillation Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 3867-3871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widayat Widayat ◽  
Bambang Cahyono ◽  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto ◽  
Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Quality ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Distillation Process

scholarly journals Antalya İklim Koşullarında Farklı Donanımlara Sahip Seraların Isı Enerjisi Gereksiniminin Belirlenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Nafi Baytorun ◽  
Sait Üstün ◽  
Adil Akyüz ◽  
Ali Çaylı
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Heat Requirement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Region Size ◽  
Real Temperature

In Mediterranean climate region, during certain times of the year the daily average temperature decreases under 12°C. In such conditions, greenhouse heating is essential to be able to get the high quality yield that is expected from greenhouses. The cost of heating varies from 20% to 60% of the total costs depending on the climate of the region, size, type and hardware of the greenhouse and type of plant grown in the greenhouse. The heat requirement in greenhouses is calculated based on the rudiments defined by DIN 4701 standards. However, the real temperature in greenhouses is higher than the outside temperatures used in calculations. For this reason, the heat requirement in greenhouses should be calculated by taking temperature increases that are caused by ventilation temperature and heat storage capability into consideration. In this study, the heat energy need of Antalya which is located in Mediterranean region is assessed according to its climate conditions. In the calculations, the different hardware structures are considered and the level of energy that can be saved is calculated. As a result of the calculations, depending on the month of the year, 12% to 29% difference is observed between energy requirement calculations based on the indoor temperature increases and energy requirement calculations based on outside temperature values.

Net Energy Analysis of Molasses Based Bioethanol Production in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Carrin Aprinada ◽  
Irvan S. Kartawiria ◽  
Evita H. Legowo
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Plant Capacity

Molasses is mostly used as feedstock for the bioethanol production in Indonesia. Bioethanol industries has the potential to be more developed if the mandate of blending gasoline with 5% bioethanol is implemented. However, some previous studies abroad have shown that mostly the net energy for producing bioethanol is negative. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the net energy requirement if a bioethanol conversion plant from scenario of a bioethanol producer in East Java. Bioethanol conversion processes inside the plant are pre-fermentation, fermentation, evaporation, distillation and dehydration. Method which was used in this research are modelling and calculation made on monthly basis for plant capacity of 30,000 KL/ year ethanol of 99.5% purity. The result shows that the total energy required to produce 1 L of ethanol is 4.55 MJ. The energy content of 1 L ethanol is 23.46 MJ. The largest energy requirement is for evaporation process (62%) followed by distillation process (33%). Thus, the net energy requirement for bioethanol production process is positive.

scholarly journals Diversity of endophytic fungi in cajuput leaf waste (Melaleuca cajuputi)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA WIDIANA ◽  
UKIT UKIT ◽  
AFIFAH THAHIRAH ◽  
EPA PAUJIAH
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forest Enterprises

Abstract. Widiana A, Ukit, Thahirah A, Paijiah E. 2019. Diversity of endophytic fungi in cajuput leaf waste (Melaleuca cajuputi). Biodiversitas 20: 562-569. Cajuput Oil Factory at Jatimunggul, Indramayu of Forest Management Unit of Perum Perhutani (State Forest Enterprises) produces cajuput leaf waste during distillation process. This waste is difficult to decompose due to the presence of lignin in the secondary cell wall. Therefore, fungi are needed to produce some enzymes for speeding up the degrading process. This research was aimed at finding out the diversity of fungi growing in the cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) leaf waste of zero, two and four months old. The result indicated that a total of 14 species of fungi belonging to four genera namely Aspergillus, Arthrinium, Rhizopus, and one unidentified genus are produced by cajuput leaf waste. Ten different types of endophytic fungi were isolated from two-month-old waste, seven Rhizopus and types of fungi were found in the zero-month-old waste, and only five types of isolates are found in the four-month-old waste. Three species of isolated fungi were also tested for their cellulase enzyme activity.

scholarly journals Optimization of the soybean oil production process

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
E. Y. Zheltoukhova ◽  
N. L. Kleimenova ◽  
M. A. Bolgova ◽  
M. A. Lesnyak ◽  
P. A. Tronza
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Hydrodynamic Instability ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Distillation Apparatus ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Free Falling

The technology of direct extraction with nephras followed by the further miscella purification from the solvent and acid hydration (citric acid) is used to produce soybean oil. The miscella is cleared of solvent by passing through a range of heat exchangers and distillers. The final distillation unit is a 2-stage distillation apparatus operating at approximately absolute 400 mbar . A significant drawback of these installations is the irrational use of steam and its heat, the possibility of the finished product overheating and its quality deterioration, the process low speed, complex design and maintenance. To intensify the process of solvent evaporation from the miscella film in the structure of the troughs in the film chamber, it is advisable to install cylindrical or slotted holes through which free falling jets of miscella are formed sequentially from the overlying loop of the trough to the plane of the underlying one. In this case, the miscella film moving along the chute has a certain hydrodynamic instability at the points of flow and the fall of the jet on the plane of the chute. Directly in the jet, the liquid, as a rule, is turbulized, and there is no laminar film. This technique significantly intensifies the distillation process. An aeration system for supplying live steam, represented by a tubular bubbler, should be installed for intensification as well. The use of tubular aerators makes it possible to achieve an increase in the ratio of the aerated area to the total area of ??the section with the use of a smaller number of aeration elements and a reduction in the length of the pipelines (by 4 times on average ). As a result, the time and cost of installation are reduced significantly.

scholarly journals RENDEMEN DAN KUALITAS MINYAK ATSIRI EUCALYPTUS PELLITA PADA BERBAGAI WAKTU PENYIMPANAN BAHAN BAKU

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ambar Tri Ratnaningsih ◽  
Enny Insusanty ◽  
Azwin Azwin
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
Yield And Quality

 Forest harvesting waste in the form of Ecalyptus pellita leaves can be utilized to be essential oil by distillation process. The research aimed to 1) to know the effect of duration of leaf storage on yield and quality of essential oil produced, 2). Comparing the quality of E.pellita leaves essential oil with eucalyptus oil according to SNI. Methods taken by taking E. pellita leaf waste were then stored for 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 days then steam distillation and measured rendemen, specific gravity, sineol content and refractive index. The average oil yield of E.Pellita is 0.15% with the highest yield of 0.4593% in leaves stored for 3 days. The best essential oil quality comes from leaves that have been stored for 3 days with specific gravity of 0.9186, 60% sineol content, refractive index 1.4603 and 80% alcohol solubility by 1: 1.

scholarly journals IbM Penyulingan Minyak Kayu Putih dan Briket Arang di Desa Delo dan Raekore

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Dedy Nataniel Ully ◽  
Bernadus Wuwur
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Aromatic Oils ◽  
Economic Improvement

Villagers of Delo and Raekore have a traditional eucalyptus refining business by boiling the eucalyptus leaves for aromatic oils. Eucalyptus oil produced quite well, it's just a long distillation process that is 5 to 6 hours so it requires a lot of wood. While the availability of firewood in the forest is currently quite difficult, so people often cut down trees in the forest. So need to find a solution by changing the way of boiling by steam method and using charcoal  fuel made from coconut shell, because it has a higher calorific value than the shell is burned directly. Traditional refined eucalyptus oil products, ranging from 2 to 3 beer bottles   (1 bottle of beer = 350 ml) per day, so that through the activities of IbM can apply the appropriate technology products that is the installation of wood crude oil refinery by steam method and the using of briquette fuel. The steamed container produced has a volume of 160 liters while the charcoal briquette printing device is capable of printing 8 charcoal briquettes in one print. The using of refinery installations by steam method and charcoal charcoal fuel, can increase the production capacity of eucalyptus oil  to encourage economic improvement of Delo and Raekore villagers. The eucalyptus refining oil refinery has a production capacity of 4 to 5 bottles of beer (1 bottle of beer = 350 ml) per day and charcoal briquette presses have a production capacity of 8 charcoal briquettes.

Predicting possibility of the fractional composition high-viscosity oils by the integral optical spectral characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Milana M. Dolomatova ◽  
◽  
Mikhail Yu. Dolomatov ◽  
Rashid I. Hairudinov ◽  
Ildar R. Hairudinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Oil Refining

Express determination of the properties of hydrocarbon fractions is of great practical importance for operational control of operating modes of various technological equipment in petrochemical and oil refining industries. Currently, complex equipment is required to determine the fractional composition of high-viscosity oils. Analysis of the fractional composition on this equipment is a long process and takes several hours. Therefore, to solve the problem of Express oil quality control, the task of finding ways to quickly determine the fractional composition is urgent. The purpose of this study is to study the possibility of fractional composition of high-viscosity oils by integral spectral descriptors of optical absorption. Processing of data on the fractional composition of oil fractions and optical spectra in the UV and visible ranges by the least squares method established a linear relationship between the temperature parameters (the boiling point and the boiling point) and the integral parameters (the integral forces of the oscillator) of the optical absorption spectra. The adequacy of the results is confirmed by statistical data processing. The correlation coefficients for the start and end boiling point are 0.97. The absolute error of the calculations is 11.24, the relative error is from 3.90 and 3.64, respectively. These values are within the experimental error, which indicates the adequacy of the calculated data.

scholarly journals Impact of Distillation Process on the Major Volatile Compounds as Determined by GC-FID Analysis in Apple Brandy Originated from Transylvania, Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Emilia COLDEA ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU ◽  
Maria TOFANÄ‚ ◽  
Elena Vá‰KONY ◽  
Nicoleta RANTA
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Active Alcohol

There were analyzed samples of fruit distillates from the two stages of distillation process, first distillate and the second distillate, as apple brandy originating from Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Transylvania provenience and were collected directly from the producer soon after the process ended. We investigated 10 major volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, 1butanol, 2-butanol, isobutylic alcohol, isoamylic alcohol, amyl active alcohol and furfural) by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). We used reference chemicals to identify these compounds and 3-pentanol as internal standard to quantify the volatiles. This analysis permitted to observe the differences between the two distillates. Acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and methanol have smaller amounts in the second distillation step. Furfural and higher alcohols registered different evolution in the last distillation step. They were higher then in the first distillate. The factors which differentiate the two samples can be separation of fractions (heads, hearts and tails), temperature, quality of raw material and the fermentation process. 

scholarly journals Assessment of oilseed raw materials for industrial crops, taking into account the demand by vegetable oil producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Е.I. Lupova ◽  
A.V. Novikova ◽  
D.V. Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Camelina Oil

Developments in selection and emergence of new varieties and hybrids of oilseeds, which have a better ratio of the fatty acid composition of the oil, make is possible to promote such types of crops as camelina, colza, rapeseed and others. The paper presents an analysis of the quality of new and promising varieties and hybrids of oilseeds, which, according to their morphological and biological characteristics, are successfully cultivated in conditions of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. It is confirmed that oil quality is due to genetic characteristics of the variety and hybrid. The quality of seeds of spring rapeseed Ratnik, Cyclus KL, Curry KL, Salsa KL, Cultus KL, Ozorno, Cebra and other studied varieties and hybrids of the 00 type are close to olive oil in their fatty acid composition and are not inferior to the quality of sunflower oil. There is a high content of important C18:1 oleic acid in oil of rapeseed (59-65 %), and a low content of the total of C16:0 palmitic + C18:0 stearic (5.5-6.0 %). The data on the high quality of camelina oil are presented, which allows the use of varieties Yubilyar and Veles for production of vegetable oil with a high content of unsaturated acids for food purposes. The work discusses the current restrictive norms for the supply of oilseeds and determining the standard weight for oil refining enterprises.

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