scholarly journals The Influence of Different Retting Processes on the Strength of Fibres obtained from Poliostigma raticulatum, Grewia mollis, Cissus populnea and Hibiscus sabdariffa

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Michael Dass ◽  
Ayodele Akinterinwa ◽  
Jibrin Ndahi Adamu ◽  
Shamsu Abba
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Chemical Retting ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Fibrous Matter

<p class="1Body">The extraction of vegetable fibres from different parts of plants has been a major focal point in the search for natural fibres that would substitute synthetic fibres. Fibres from <em>Poliostigma reticulatum</em>, <em>Grewia mollis,</em> <em>Cissus populnea</em> and<em> Hibiscus sabdariffa</em> were extracted by water and chemical retting. In chemical retting different concentrations of NaOH and NH<sub>4</sub>OH were used. The extracted fibres were further purified and their tensile strength measured. The pH of water was measured as retting progresses and observed to increase as the retting time increases. This was ascribed to the secretion of enzymes by microorganisms as they acted on the mucilaginous matter of the bast with the resultant loosening of the fibres. The tensile strength of the fibres was determined using the Shirley Testometric 220D and was observed to gradual decline as the retting time increases. This was attributed to the continual removal of non-fibrous matter and the freeing of the fibres in the composite. However, beyond the fifth week of retting, no appreciable change in tensile strength was observed. This suggested that most of the non-fibrous matter have been solublized and utilized as source of nutrients and energy by the microorganisms. Acidic metabolites were produced due to microbial activities may have changed the pH of the medium and subsequently hindered their growth. In chemical retting, as the concentration of the medium increases the strength of the fibres decreases to a minimum then remain constant. This was accredited to the breakdown of inter- molecular bonds between non-fibrous substances and the fibres. And subsequently, the non-fibrous components separate from the fibres and dissolved in the medium revealing the actual fibres strength. It was therefore, opined that retted fibres in water, 5% NH<sub>4</sub>OH and 15% NaOH are clearer and lustrous for all sample except those from Kargo<em>.</em></p>

scholarly journals Study on the Properties of Transparent Bamboo Prepared by Epoxy Resin Impregnation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuehua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Parts

In this paper, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycle) before and after heat treatment were used as raw materials to prepare transparent bamboo (TB). In an acidic environment, the lignin contained in the bamboo material was removed to obtain a bamboo template, and an epoxy resin similar to the cellulose refractive index was used for vacuum impregnation into the bamboo template to obtain a transparent bamboo material. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and chemical properties of TB and original bamboo and the differences between TBs before and after heat treatment, taken from different parts of bamboo, in order to explore the performance advantages and disadvantages of TB as a new material. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscope testing (SEM), three elements analysis, light transmittance testing, and mechanical strength testing were used to study the molecular composition, microstructure, chemical composition, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the TB samples. The results showed that the lignin content of the delignified bamboo templates was greatly reduced. In addition, the SEM images showed that a large amount of epoxy resin (type E51 and type B210 curing agent) was covered on the cross-section surface and pores of the TB samples. The FTIR showed that the epoxy molecular groups appeared on the TB, and the delignified bamboo template and the resin had a good synergy effect. According to the light transmittance testing, the original bamboo samples hardly contained light transmittance under visible light. The transmittance of transparent inner bamboo (TIB) and transparent heat-treated inner bamboo (THIB) could reach about 11%, and the transmittance of transparent outer bamboo (TOB) and transparent heat-treated outer bamboo (THOB) was about 2%. The light transmittance had been significantly improved when compared with the original bamboo samples. The transmittances of the TB samples before and after heat treatment in different parts of bamboo were different. In the visible light irradiation range, the light transmittances of TB samples were as follows: TIB > THIB and THOB > TOB. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of TB was reduced, especially for TOB and THOB. In addition, TB has a wide range of raw materials, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly. It can be used for decorative materials in homes, buildings, etc., and has a great application potential.

scholarly journals Generation and transportation of high-intensity pulsed ion beam at varying background pressures

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.P. Zhu ◽  
L. Ding ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
Yu. Isakova ◽  
Y. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Energy Density Distribution ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractHigh-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) technology is developed as an advanced manufacturing method for components with improved wear, corrosion and/or fatigue performance, etc. Robust HIPIB equipment with stable repetitive operation, long-lifetime, and easy maintenance are desired for industrial applications, on which stability of ion beam parameters is critical to achieve consistent result of reproducibility. Here, magnetically insulated ion diodes (MIDs) as ion source with durable graphite anode are investigated in a simple self-magnetic field configuration under repetitive operation. Influence of background pressure on ion beam generation and transportation is emphasized since ion beam sources were intrinsically a vacuum-based system. Comparative experiments were conducted on two types of HIPIB equipment, that is, TEMP-6 and TEMP-4M, differing in vacuum packages where turbo-molecular pump or oil diffusion pump was used. Both the HIPIB equipments are operated on a bipolar pulse mode, that is, a first negative pulse of 150–200 kV with pulse duration 450–500 ns to generate anode plasma on explosive electron emission, and a second positive pulse of 200–250 kV with 120 ns to accelerate the ions. Ion beam energy density up to 8 J/cm2 is achievable using MIDs of geometrical focusing configuration, and the total energy, energy density distribution along cross-section, deflection and divergence, and charge neutralization of the ion beams are assessed under background pressures in a wide range of two orders of magnitude, that is, 1–100 mPa. No appreciable change in the parameters is observed up to 50 mPa, and merely a slight increase in the beam deflection from about ±3 mm to about ±4 mm at the focal point over 50 mPa. The stability of ion beam at the varied pressure is mainly facilitated by the higher pressure up to several Pa in anode–cathode gap during plasma generation and good neutralizing effect for ion beam transportation.

scholarly journals Bioremoval capacity of phenol by some selected endophytic fungi isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa and batch biodegradation of phenol in paper and pulp effluents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Montaser Ahmed Khali ◽  
Mohamed Salah Massoud ◽  
Soad A El-Zayat ◽  
Magdi A El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Phenol Biodegradation ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Industrial Samples ◽  
Different Parts

Background and Objectives: The use of endophytic fungi for management of phenol residue in paper and pulp industries has been shown as cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. In this study, isolation of endophytic fungi from roots, stems, and leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa was conducted. Additionally, the isolated fungi were examined for their ability to degrade phenol and its derivatives in paper and pulp industrial samples, using different growth conditions. Materials and Methods: Out of 35 isolated endophyitc fungi, 31 were examined for their phenol biodegradation capacity using Czapek Dox broth medium containing Catechol and Resorcinol as a sole carbon source at final concentrations of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8%. Results: A total of 35 fungal species belonging to 18 fungal genera were isolated and identified from different parts of H. sabdariffa plants. All strains have the capability for degrading phenol and their derivatives with variable extents. The optimum condition of degrading phenol in paper and pulp effluent samples by Fusarium poae11r7 were at pH 3-5, temperature at 28-35°C, good agitation speed at no agitation and 100 rpm. Conclusion: All endophytic fungal species can utilize phenol and its derivatives as a carbon source and be the potential to degrade phenol in industrial contaminants.

Tensile Strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-144
Author(s):  
Peggy Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Chinese Art ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Contemporary Chinese Art ◽  
Women's Art ◽  
Maternal Roles ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Different Parts

In studies of contemporary Chinese art, Lin Tianmiao’s work has been overwhelmingly discussed in terms of women’s crafts and maternal roles. Citing her use of embroidery and the female figure, these interpretations have led to broad and often simplified characterizations of her work as “women’s art.” In focusing exclusively on symbolic allusions to gender representation, these discussions overlook the possibility of more complex narratives arising from Lin’s artistic concerns. By starting from the formal, material, and spatial components of her work, this article reveals how Lin has enacted penetrating investigations into manifestations of resistance and tension between physical forms and objects. Replete with taut lines and trembling vibrations, her work scrutinizes the nature of her materials, their limitations, and relationships among different parts of an installation. By tracing such formal and spatial devices, this article reveals three central topics at the heart of Lin’s oeuvre: the insufficiency of language, the urgency of form, and latent visibility. The exploration of these abstract concepts helps us move away from overt symbolic readings of her materials. These topics help show how Lin uses her art as tactics of intervention for interrogating practices of classification in contemporary Chinese art. As such, this article does not discount commentary on identity or gender but, rather, allows for richer, interrelated frameworks for understanding both her work and how it has been historically treated.

Investigation on the Tensile Strength of Treated and Untreated Woven Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahruddin Mahzan ◽  
Wahieda M. Bahtiar ◽  
Zaleha Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sugar Palm Fibre ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites ◽  
Palm Fibre

Natural fibres offer environmental benefits such as biodegradable and can be obtained from renewable resources. However, there is lack of investigations done to characterize and compare different types and orientation done on the natural fibres. This paper determines the tensile strength of sugar palm fibres under various treatment processes. The composites were fabricated using woven sugar-palm fibre treated with alkali and acid and used epoxy resin as the matrices for the composite. The tensile test was done to determine the tensile strength of the composite and the surface morphological analysis was done using SEM. The results demonstrated that the composite with the alkali treated fibres produced higher tensile strength compared to untreated and acid treated fibres. With these properties, it shows that treated woven sugar-palm fibre composite can withstand high stress load during operation compared to untreated fibres reinforced composites.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Concrete by using Sisal Fibre and Bamboo Fibre

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azhar Hoda ◽  
Premit Kumar Patil
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Compression Phase ◽  
Uniform Manner

Concrete is the most widely used material throughout the world. Concrete is a brittle material which is good in compression but it is weak in tension, this leads to the formation of cracks, these cracks extend and reach the compression phase and finally the member breaks. Cracks are the major reason for the failure of the structure. Many attempts have been made to improve the tensile strength of concrete. It becomes necessary to find a best method to improve the strength of concrete by replacing cement with some natural material. So to increase the tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete, technique of introduction of natural fibres in concrete has been done. The fibres are distributed randomly in a uniform manner. The post cracking response of concrete can be nullified with the addition of natural fibres into concrete. This is known as natural fibre reinforced concrete. Replacement of cement by 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3% of natural fibres. The wet concrete mix will be tested for workability and concrete specimens like Cubes, Cylinders and Beams will be cast to determine the Compressive strength, tensile strength and Flexural strength respectively. Addition of natural fibre were done for M30 and M25 mix. The specimens were tested for 28 days.The test results showed increment in the all properties of concrete compared to conventional concrete. In M30 Grade concrete there was 18.17% increase in compressive strength compared to conventional concrete, highest value of compressive strength was obtained for 1.5% and for 2% addition of natural fibres for M25 grade concrete has shown a increment by 10.6% compared to conventional concrete. In M30 grade concrete, the highest tensile strength was obtained for 1% addition of natural fibres, compared to conventional concrete there was a increment of 9.75% and in M25 grade concrete the strength was highest for 1.5% addition of fibres, there was 7.63% increment compared to conventional concrete. The highest value of flexural strength was obtained for 1% of addition of natural fibres to M30 grade concrete and the increment was by 10% compared to conventional concrete. In M25 grade concrete the highest value was obtained for 1% addition of fibres and the increment was by 7% compared to conventional concrete.

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Walnut/Polyester Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul Sharma ◽  
Rajiv Kumar ◽  
Karan Vohra ◽  
Kapil Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Polyester Composites

Use of natural fibres as reinforcement in polymeric composites has been increased during last few decades. They are potential alternatives to synthetic fibres due to their excellent properties like light in weight, biodegradable, abundant, satisfactory strength etc. Various parts of automobiles are being made by natural fibres that improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. The present study focuses on developing new polymer composites by reinforcing walnut shell particulate on the basis of different weight fractions. Mechanical characterization was done for the developed composites which include evaluation of tensile strength, impact strength and hardness. Different weight fractions of walnut shell particulate were used including 0%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Maximum tensile strength was achieved in case of 10% walnut shell reinforced composites. Maximum impact strength and hardness were achieved in case of 20% and 15% reinforcement respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization and Structural Attributes of Biohybrid Composites Derived Using Hemp, Bamboo, and Jute Fibres: an Alternative Approach in the Application of Natural Fibres in Automobile Parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 534-544
Author(s):  
Rajmohan Bose ◽  
◽  
Arunachalam Kandavel
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

In the present work, three natural fibres, namely jute, hemp and bamboo have been hybridized with seashell powder and polypropylene resin as biohybrid composites. Nine samples are considered for this study with various weight propositions of bamboo, hemp, and jute. The mechanical characteristics, such as the flexural, impact, and tensile strength of nine samples, are compared, and the Sample 9 shows very good results; the obtained flexural, tensile strength and impact energy of Sample 9 are 239.36 MPa, 47.84 MPa, and 18.33 J, respectively. The main reason for this is the presence of jute material and layering pattern; Sample 9 contains 60 % Jute, 20 % hemp, and 20 % bamboo; the percentage of jute is high compared to the other eight samples. Furthermore, morphological analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been carried out with Sample 9. While comparing the properties of with the existing dashboard material properties, they show more desirable values and thus, the compositions of Sample 9 material can be used for various vehicle parts. When the experimental results are compared with the finite element analysis (FEA) results, the experimental results match with the FEA results, and few variations are noticed.

Comparative Study on the Composites with Chopped Different Parts of Rice Straw as Raw Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Chuan Bao Wu ◽  
Jian Mei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Different Parts

The upper part and lower part of rice straw were respectively used as raw materials to prepare composites with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by hot-pressing at 140°C for 10 min. The performance differences of two kinds of composites were studied. Results showed that composites prepared with upper-part rice straw had higher tensile strength, strength at tensile break and hardness than that with lower-part rice straw. But the tensile elongation of composite prepared with upper-part rice straw was lower than that with upper-part rice straw. Difference ratio of tensile strength is higher than 6% and difference ratio of tensile elongation is higher than 16%. These differences were related to morphology and structure of upper-part rice straw and lower-part rice straw. Two parts of rice straw are both hollow, but upper-part rice straw has thinner holes. So the defect ratio of composite prepared with upper-part rice straw was low.

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